Week 5: Tyranny; Sparta
Week 5: Tyranny; SpartaLecture 8, Tyranny, Key edipusPheidonArgosHysiaeOlympic iansPrometheusZeusOrestesTyrannicideImage not showndue to copyright restrictionsRed figure volute krater: Orestes takes refuge at the omphalosImage not showndue to copyright restrictionsHarmodius and Aristogiton1
Lecture 9, Sparta, Key WordsDorian invasionAchaeansHelotsPerioikoiFirst Messenian WarTarasTerpanderAlcmanSecond Messenian nophonProxenoiPythioiGerousiaEphorsHoi tuchontesDelphiTegeaPeloponnesian ytheraSpartan AllianceImage not showndue to copyright restrictionsArchaic: Male: Warriors2
Timeline for Spartan History from the Late Bronze Age to 4791300-1200 archaeological evidence for over 50 cities in Laconia1200 Messenia, as part of Mycenaean civilization, enters a dark age with various smallcommunities-some Dorian, some Mycenaean, some mixed.1100-1000 Dorian presence in the Argolid and Laconia (division of the 3 Dorian tribes: Hyleis,Dymones and Pamphylae); syssitia probably introduced at this time1000-800 the unification of four villages on the west bank of the Eurotas River from whichhistoric Sparta evolves; evidence for settlements characterized by proto-geometric pottery in thearea of the Messenian gulf800-750 Spartan conquest of Laconia complete with the incorporation of the fifth village, theMycenaean town Amyclae, into Sparta-Sparta now has control of the entire Eurotas valley;Dorian settlements become politically subordinate to Sparta as Perioikoi: they retain a largeamount of local autonomy but owe military service to Sparta; perioikoi lived in the numerouscommunities, 100 according to tradition, scattered throughout the territory controlled by theSpartans; Mycenaean survivors reduced to serfdom; beginning of the Helot system.800-700 division of public land among nobles which natives cultivate as Helots; before hoplitearmy730-700 First Messenian War; partial conquest of Messenia, a considerable part of the Pamisusvalley.706 Spartans found colony Taras (Tarentum) following the rebellion of the Partheniai, who wereinvolved in a dispute with the nobles over their share in the Messenian land.675-650 Lycurgus received the great rhetra (?)-the character of aristocratic “republican”government at Sparta-from the oracle of Apollo at Delphi, which recognized the dual kingship,with each king selected from the prominent families of Agiads and Eurypontids, and a 30member probouleutic council, the Gerousia, formed from a previous Council of Elders, whichincluded the 2 kings and 28 elders. The right of ratification resided with the ecclesia attended byall male citizens; citizenship requirements for Spartiatai (Spartiates) included possession of aKleros of public land, membership in one of the military messes and successful completion ofthe Spartan agoge.669 Battle of Hysiae: Argives under tyrant Pheidon defeat Sparta; military tactics of noblesobsolete.650 Second Messenian War: Sparta adopts hoplite tactics; hoplite constitution with Spartansorganized according to the three Dorian tribes: Hylleis, Dymanes and Pamphyli; with theconquest of both Laconia and Messenia complete, the land in the Eurotas and Pamisus valleyshas become public land in the form of kleroi, assigned to 9,000 or 10,000 Spartans and workedby Helots.650-550 archaeologists have found Laconian pottery dating from this period at sites as distant asEphesus in the East, Etruria and Messalia in the west, and Naucratis, Cyrene and Carthage inAfrica; evidence also exists for imported ivory, amber and gold, and for elaborate bronze workby local perioikoi artisans.600 Sparta attains near maximum territorial expansion with control over Laconia and Messenia;hereafter they extend their political influence through a system of alliances instead of byconquest; Sparta organized by the five territorial tribes (obai), each tribe identified with one ofthe five component villages of Sparta; the board of five ephors, one from each tribe, increases inimportance for the Spartan government.3
570 Sparta defeated by Tegea in an attempt to gain control of the northern frontier; chained withthe fetters that they brought to enslave the Tegeans (Hdt. 1.66-68).556 Chilon the ephor banishes all “unnecessary and superfluous arts”; foreign goods no longerimported; all activity of artists and artisans ceases; austerity and militarism linked to the problemof suppressing the Helots550 Sparta defeats Tegea after heeding an oracle to take the bones of Agamemnon’s son Orestesfrom Tegea to Sparta to ensure victory; Tegea retains territory but required by treaty to furnishtroops whenever needed.547 Spartans defeat Argives in the “Battle of Champions” (Hdt. 1.82); as a result Spartaincorporates Thyrea, a disputed area on the border between Laconia and the Argolid, and itsplain into its territory; moreover the whole district of Cynuria and the island of Cythera becomepermanently Spartan; these were the Spartans’ last territorial conquests; thereafter, Spartaconcluded alliances, as with Tegea.547-507 Spartans actively suppress tyrannies and support aristocratic and oligarchic regimes.525 Sparta brings down Polycrates, the tyrant of Samos.510 King Cleomenes heeds Delphi and deposes Hippias, the tyrant of Athens.507 King Cleomenes makes an unsuccessful attempt to install Isagoras and an oligarchy atAthens.506 Cleomenes and Demaratus lead a Peloponnesian army against Athens until Demaratusdecides to withdraw; thereafter, only one king dispatched on foreign military expeditions.500 first definite reference in the ancient sources to the Peloponnesian League (Hdt. 5.91), apermanent offensive and defensive alliance; the allies include the entire Peloponnesus exceptArgos and the twelve small towns of Achaea, along the southern coast of the Corinthian Gulf.494 Sparta defeats Argos in the Battle of Spea; greatly strengthens Sparta’s control over thePeloponnesian League and stabilizes the organization of the league.481 Hellenic League formed with 31 members under Spartan leadership.480/79 Persian War; 8,000 full Spartan citizens in existence (Hdt. 7.193)479 Samos, Chios, Lesbos and other islanders admitted to the Hellenic League. After sailinginto the Hellespont with the Greek fleet, and finding Xerxes’ bridge no longer in place,Leotychides sails home with the Peloponnesian contingents.4
Sparta and the Lycurgan ReformsBE ABLE TO IDENTIFY:Laconia, Lacedaemon, Amyclae, Tegea (c. 560-50), Messenia, Mt. Ithome, Hysiae (669);homoioi, Agiads, Eurypontids, gerousia, ephors, Lycurgus, Tyrtaeus; Partheniai,perioeci/perioikoi, helots; krypteia, syssitia, pheiditia; rhetra, eunomia, kleros, agoge,obai, hoplites, synoecismCONSIDER:1. How reliable are our sources for the Spartan revolution? Which seem more reliableand why? From when do they date? What evidence would these writers have hadthat we do not?2. Who was Lycurgus? Does it matter? When do the ancient sources date his reforms?Why do modern scholars disagree with these (and with each other’s) dates? Whatreforms, exactly, are we trying to date? Were these actually reforms, revivals orimagined events?3. Did the Spartan constitution result from a single period of revolutionary legislationor was it an amalgam of ancient and modern customs that slowly evolved into acoherent structure? Which elements of this structure represent customs preservedfrom the Dark Ages and which were novel?4. What happened to Sparta in the eighth and seventh centuries? (Consider wars andsocial pressures.) Did these events and pressures in any way cause or provoke thechanges associated with Lycurgus?5. How willingly did the Spartans accept the reforms associated with Lycurgus? Whatroles did Delphi, political expediency and violence play in their adoption? Were thereforms welcomed, accepted, tolerated or resisted?6. What is the significance of the Great Rhetra and its rider? What type of governmentdoes it prescribe?7. What is the significance of the ephoralty? How important are ephors in the Spartansystem?8. Did the Spartan system as described by ancient writers ever exist, or is it thenostalgic fictive recreation of fourth-century writers?5
Week 5: Tyranny; Sparta Lecture 8, Tyranny, Key Words Tyrannos Lydia Gyges Archilochus Monarchos Hybris Oedipus Pheidon Argos Hysiae Olympic Games Peloponnesus Aegina Corinth Sicyon Megara Red figure volute krater: Orestes takes refuge at the omphalos Theagenes Cypselus Bacchiads Orthagoras Oligarchy Aeschylus Persians Prometheus Zeus Orestes .
(prorated 13/week) week 1 & 2 156 week 3 130 week 4 117 week 5 104 week 6 91 week 7 78 week 8 65 week 9 52 week 10 39 week 11 26 week 12 13 17-WEEK SERIES* JOIN IN MEMBER PAYS (prorated 10.94/week) week 1 & 2 186.00 week 3 164.10 week 4 153.16 week 5 142.22 week 6 131.28 week 7 120.34
CONTENTS 1. Introduction 2. Origins of Sparta 3. First development of Sparta: the Messenian wars 4. Lycurgus and the Revolution 5. The New Sparta 6.
THE TYRANNY OF NUMBERS OR THE TYRANNY OF METHODOLOGY389 The flow of gross profit (Π) to the firm is: Π P ·Q W ·L (1) where P is the output price, and for a representative firm can be taken as the numeraire (P 1), Q is output7, W is the (real) wage rate and L is employment. In a steadily growing economy, in which real wages are
Tyranny in Phlan Not for resale. Permission granted to print or photocopy this document for personal use only. 2 Introduction Welcome to Tyranny in Phlan, a D&D ExpeditionsTM adventure, part of the official D&D Adventurers LeagueTM organized play system and the Tyranny of DragonsTM storyline season. This adventure is designed for three to seven .
Week 3: Spotlight 21 Week 4 : Worksheet 22 Week 4: Spotlight 23 Week 5 : Worksheet 24 Week 5: Spotlight 25 Week 6 : Worksheet 26 Week 6: Spotlight 27 Week 7 : Worksheet 28 Week 7: Spotlight 29 Week 8 : Worksheet 30 Week 8: Spotlight 31 Week 9 : Worksheet 32 Week 9: Spotlight 33 Week 10 : Worksheet 34 Week 10: Spotlight 35 Week 11 : Worksheet 36 .
28 Solving and Graphing Inequalities 29 Function and Arrow Notation 8th Week 9th Week DECEMBER REVIEW TEST WEEK 7,8 and 9 10th Week OCTOBER 2nd Week 3rd Week REVIEW TEST WEEK 1,2 and 3 4th Week 5th Week NOVEMBER 6th Week REVIEW TEST WEEK 4,5 and 6 7th Week IMP 10TH GRADE MATH SCOPE AND SEQUENCE 1st Week
Customers Unleashing Power of SAP Business Suite on SAP HANA! SAPPHIRE NOW: Sparta Theatre Session Thursday, May 16, 2013 Hans Dossche, Enterprise Solution Pre-Sales, Sparta Consulting 2013 Sparta Consulting Inc
Japanese Language Japanese I-1a ・I-1b Spring and Fall 8 Credits each Aimed at beginner level students with some previous experience studying Japanese language. Knowledge of at least 100 kanji plus hiragana and katakana is required. Students will become able to have basic everyday conversations as well as read and write using approximately 300 kanji. Grammar, conversation, listening and .
