SRI LANKA: COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT AND LIVELIHOOD .
Public Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure AuthorizedE830November 10, 2003SRI LANKA: COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT ANDLIVELIHOOD IMPROVEMENT PROJECTEnvironment Assessment and Management FrameworkPrepared byProject Management UnitCommunity Development and Livelihood Improvement ProjectMinistry of Rural EconomyNovember 10, 2003
Environment Assessment and Management FrameworkSRI LANKA: COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT AND LIVELIHOODIMPROVEMENT PROJECTTable of ContentsEnvironment Assessment and ManagementFramework1.0Purpose .32.0Project Description .53.0Preliminary Environmental Assessment of Activities that may be.9included in Village Development Plans4.0Government of Sri Lanka Environmental Regulations andProcedures .I1Environment Review .145.0Annexes1.List of the Projects falling under the "Prescribed Projects" by theCentral Environmental Authority .162.Negative List - Projects not eligible for Funding .213.Checklists for Rapid Environmental Assessment of CommunityProjects .244.Potential Environmental Issues and Mitigation Measures .315.Pest Management Plan .466.Dam Safety Plan .482
Environment Assessment and Management FrameworkCOMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT AND LIVELIHOODIMPROVEMENT PROJECTENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK1.0 PurposeThe Community Development and Livelihood Improvement Project (the Project), to befinanced by IDA, aims to enable the rural poor to improve their livelihood and quality oflife. The main objective of the project is to support GOSL' s strategy of reducing ruralpoverty and promotion of sustainable and equitable rural development through betteraccess of the poor to basic social and economic infrastructure and services and supportfor productive activities, using the CDD approach. The empowerment activities under theproject seek to deepen the partnership with civil society, increase the role of localgovernments to allocate resources for community development in the context ofstrengthened accountability, enhance financial transparency, and mainstream genderconsiderations in all anti-poverty efforts. The experiences of the community-drivendevelopment approach will be used to scale up the role of poor communities participatingin the growth process. The projects development objectives will be achieved through: (a)empowering communities to manage sustainable investments and build accountable andself-governing local institutions; (b) working with local governments which have provedto be more responsive and accountable to increase the size and quality of publicexpenditures that would be delivered in a community driven and accountable manner;and (c) working with federations of village organizations, private sector and NGOs oneconomic empowerment to increase size and diversity of livelihood, increased-creditflow, private sector investment in community activities and value added in agriculture.Projects and Programs financed with IDA resources need to comply with World BankOperational Policies. Therefore, sub-projects and components eligible for funding underthis project will be required to satisfy the World Bank's safeguard policies, in addition toconformity with environmental legislation of the Government of Sri Lanka (GOSL). Theproposed project is classified as Category B by the World Bank, which means that theproject is not expected to have any significant and/or irreversible adverse environmentalimpacts. In fact, it is expected to be beneficial from an environmental and socialperspective. Further, investments are expected to be small, very localized, laborintensive and largely of a rehabilitation or small rural enterprise development nature. Nosignificant impacts are expected on any critical ecosystems or culturally or sociallysensitive areas. Any potential impacts are expected to be readily manageable with properplanning and oversight arrangements.World Bank policies and guidelines, pertaining to environmental safeguards, that mayrequire consideration under this project are as follows:3
Environment Assessment and Management Framework***OP/BP/GP 4.01OP/BP 4.37OP 4.09Environmental AssessmentSafety of DamsPest ManagementHowever, based on the experience of the on-going VSHLI initiative upon which thisproject is based, and the sub-project eligibility criteria agreed with the Government ofSri Lanka (GOSL), the most likely safeguard policy to be triggered under this project willbe OP/BP/GP 4.01 on Environmental Assessment and OP 4.09 Pest Management. TheSafety of Dams safeguard policy listed above will considered to ensure minimal adverseenvironmental impacts due sub-projects, that may involve rehabilitation of existing tanksthat include a dam. Particular attention is needed during preparation of villagedevelopment plans to ensure that the Forestry and Natural Habitats safeguard polices arenot triggered since the Southern and Uva Provinces contain large extents of land that areunder forestry and natural habitats. However, all such environmentally sensitive areashave been declared as "protected areas" under the Fauna and Flora Protection Ordinanceand the Forestry Ordinance. Therefore, development activities are not permitted underprotected areas in Sri Lanka, except under exceptional circumstances with the priorconcurrence of either the Director General of the Department of Wildlife Conservation(DWLC) or Conservator General of Forests. There will be no activities supported underthis project that will be within designated protected areas, therefore, the forestry andnatural habitats safeguard policies are not being triggered under the project.Considering the demand driven nature of the project, specific sub-projects to be fundedunder the Project will be identified by rural communities as part of their villagedevelopment plans.Therefore, specific environmental assessments on villagedevelopment plans cannot be conducted at this stage. However, an environmentalassessment was conducted on all possible sub-projects that could be undertaken in thetwo provinces. The list of sub-projects was comprehensive. Thereafter, based on asurvey of the development needs participating communities, activities most likely to befunded under the project have been identified from the general environmental assessmentconducted. Activities that were identified in the EA to have significant environmentalissues and/or above the financial threshold for funding a village development plan, arelisted as activities that will be ineligible for funding under the Project. A list of activitiesthat are ineligible for funding is identified in Annex 2.An Environmental Assessment and Management Framework (EAMF) has been prepared,based on potential sub projects that will most likely be included in village developmentplans by the respective rural communities in the two selected provinces. The EAMF willbe used to identify potential environmental impacts of activities/sub-projects identified inthe respective village development plans and be used to integrate mitigatory measuresinto the sub-project designs. Therefore, the resulting village development plan wouldhave integrated environmental mitigatory measures into the designs of sub-projects. Aplan for monitoring environmental conditions will be developed for each villagedevelopment plan as part of developing indicators for overall project monitoring. Thisdocument describes the Environmental Assessment and Management Framework, whichwill be used as a template, for identification and mitigation of environmental impacts for4
Environment Assessment and Management Frameworkactivities/sub-projects that will be included in village development plans. Thesedocuments have been prepared in lieu of a project specific EA to appraise theenvironmental aspects of the project. It has also been made available for public reviewand comment in appropriate locations in Sri Lanka and in IDA's Public InformationCenter in accordance with BP 17.50 requirements of disclosure. The EAMF will be usedby respective rural communities with technical assistance from service providers of thecommunities' choice, to integrate environmental concerns and include mitigatorymeasures in the village development plans. The service providers could be GovernmentOfficials, Non Governmental Organizations (NGOs), academia or the private sector.1.0Project DescriptionThe Sri Lanka Community Development and Livelihood Improvement Project willinclude the following four components: (A) Village Development; (B) InstitutionalStrengthening; (C) Innovation Seed Fund; and (4) Project Management.Component A - Village Development: This component consists of the followingthree sub-components: (i) Formation, development and strengthening of communitybased organizations; (ii) Community Sub-projects; and (iii) Inter-village Roads.Al: Formation, Development And Strengthening Of Community BasedOrganizations: The goal of this subcomponent is to develop self reliant, self managedand sustainable people's organizations for community development and livelihoodimprovement in the rural areas. Activities to be financed under the sub-component willinclude: (a) facilitation support by the Divisional Facilitation Team; (b) support byresource persons, NGOs and other institutions with expertise in CBOs' capacity building;(c) Workshops and trainings to community members, CBOs, and facilitators oninstitutional building, preparation of Village Development plans, preparation andappraisal of sub projects, community monitoring, general principles of financialmanagement, environmental management and community procurement and so on; (d)Capacity building of para-professionals; (e) Support to set up and manage CommunityLearning Centers; (f) support to set up and manage companies.A2. Community Sub Projects: This sub-component will finance four main activities:(i) Capacity Building Fund; (ii) Community and Social Infrastructure Activities andServices; (iii) Income Generating Activities, and (iv) Incentive Fund.(i) Capacity Building Fund. The Fund consists of 10% of the amount for communitysub projects. Funds are transferred directly to CBOs on receipt of the proposals. Theobjectives of this sub-component are to encourage a paradigm shift from supply driven todemand driven capacity building inputs and to ensure communities' access to financialresources to actively plan and manage their development plans (including partnershipswith the private sector). It is designed for communities to maintain a cadre of facilitatorsto assist them in developing participatory and inclusive Village Plans and in managingtheir own organizations; to secure services from a wide range of service providers, toensure technical soundness and feasibility by accessing technical services; to access5
Environment Assessment and Management Frameworkexperts in the field of enterprise development and market linkages, and to enhance theskills base of para-professionals and CBOs' office bearers in areas like book keeping,financial management, community procurement, environmental management, sub-projectplanning and implementation.(ii) Community and Social infrastructure Activities and Services . The objectives ofthis sub-component are to ensure inclusive and participatory processes in theidentification, prioritization and planning of community infrastructure and socialservices; to empower the communities to manage execution of the identifiedinfrastructure activities; and to expand the scope of social services already accessible tothe communities. It is designed to facilitate communities to identify their priority needsfor improving quality of their lives. This process of identification and prioritization callsfor community cohesion, participation of all the members and sensitivity to the needs ofthe poorest and the vulnerable. The communities will also be made aware of the projectappraisal process so that their sub- projects will meet appraisal criteria. Communities willalso be assisted in assessing environmental impacts of sub projects.This sub-component will finance identification of priority needs through a participatoryapproach and selection of interventions which meet the principle of equity, sustainabilityand productivity; formulation of sub projects on community and technically andfinancially feasible social infrastructure activities and services; appraisal of sub projectsby the provincial appraisers; and execution and monitoring of sub projects by CBOs.(iii) Income Generating Activities. The objective of this component is to developsustainable micro-finance institutions at the community level able to meet their members'credit requirements and to assist them in taking up a wide range of income generationactivities. The sub-component will finance the following activities: (a) preparation byCBOs and appraisal by the Provincial Appraisal Teams of sub projects for accessing thecommunity investment fund for building micro finance institutions; (b) technical supportby the National Core Team to expand income generation opportunities; and (c) theestablishment by the District Coordination Committee and the National Core Team oflinkages with formal financial institutions (Commercial banks in the Government andprivate sector) to meet the growing credit demand of the rural poor.(iv) Incentive Fund. This Fund is assigned to those villages that follow trulyparticipatory and inclusive processes in their identification and prioritization ofdevelopment activities. The objective of this component is to ensure that communities donot exclude the most vulnerable and voiceless groups(members of lower castes, womensupported households, refugees, alcohol-addicted, disabled, and so on) from thedevelopment process.A3. Inter-village Roads (Rural Roads).The objective of this subcomponent is toimprove the network of inter-village roads to secure better access of project villages tomain roads and market places. Main activities to be financed by the sub-componentinclude the following: (i) Identification of the inter-village roads to be taken up; (ii) Workestimates by Pradeshiya Sabha Technical Officers; (iii) Appraisal of proposals; (iv)6
Environment Assessment and Management FrameworkAgreement between Pradeshiya Sabhas and the Project on works' execution and release;and (v) Roads' execution and maintenance by Pradesiya Sabhas.Component B: Institutional Strengthening: The objective of this component is toencourage the establishment of highly sensitized and pro poor and responsive Projectteams, Government agencies, Pradeshiya Sabhas, NGOs and Private sector, withcapacities to promote community driven development. This component consists of thefollowing three sub-components: (i) Capacity Building of National, District andDivisional Project teams; (ii) Capacity Building of Support Organizations and ServiceProviders; and (iii) Monitoring and Learning.Bi. Capacity Building of National, District and Divisional Project Teams. Theobjective of this sub-component is to develop a shared vision and build requiredcompetences among project teams at national, district and divisional levels to enablethem to perform their respective roles. This will be achieved by promoting experientiallearning, exposure to the organized communities to demonstrate their strength anddevelop sensitivity to their needs. The project will identify the mix of skills, attitude, andorientation required for the project teams, the line agencies, Pradeshiya Sabhas, NGOsand private sector to respond to the needs of the rural communities. The focus shall be onthe role these agencies can meaningfully play to nurture and empower rural communities.Project teams will receive intensive training on social mobilization, communityparticipation, social capital, community based organizations, micro finance institutions,village development plans, environment management and Monitoring and Evaluation.The line departments will receive training on how to give space to the CBOs in thedevelopment agenda and on improving the quality of services to be provided to the ruralpoor. The Pradeshiya Sabhas will be facilitated to actively participate in the program andtheir capacities will be built to gradually replace the project teams and take overmanagement of the program ( 2nd phase).B2. Capacity Building of Support Organizations and Service Providers. Theobjective of this sub-component is to facilitate the active participation of NGOs and theprivate sector to expand livelihoods options of the poor. The project would invest inbuilding their capacities to so as mould them to forge linkages with the ruralcommunities. The project will identify the NGOs with considerable experience innurturing community driven development and organize their exposure to projectinitiatives and facilitate their interaction with CBOs to establish linkages. Similarly, theprivate sector will be exposed to CBOs.B3. Monitoring and Learning. The objective of this sub-component is to monitorperformance (including implementation of the Environmental Management Plans) andprogress of the project and to disseminate it among all stakeholders to enable them toeffectively address project implementation issues. The sub-component will financeestablishment and strengthening of a Monitoring and Learning system that will serve theneeds of project agencies at all levels. The information will flow from communitymembers to the Project Director through the Divisional Coordinator interfacing withDivisional Secretaries and service providers. The format for monitoring records will be7
Environment Assessment and Management Frameworkdesigned with the participation of various stakeholders. Participatory techniques likebeneficiaries' self assessments, focus groups and key informant discussions willparticularly be used for process monitoring, on issues related to the evolution of subprojects, their inclusiveness, transparency and the level of participation in project benefitsand in decision-making processes. Process monitoring will be carried out by an externalagency. The Monitoring and Learning Coordinator from the project team will anchor allrelated activities, such as Baseline survey, MIS, process monitoring, follow up studies,impact evaluation and community monitoring.Component C. Innovation Seed Fund: The objective of this component is to conductand possibly replicate pilots on innovative ideas with the potential to expand livelihoodoptions of the rural poor. The component consists of the following three sub-components:(i) Private Sector Linkages; (ii) Product Development/Test Marketing; and (iii)Information Technology Linkages.Cl. Private Sector Linkages. The objective of this sub-component is to promotepartnership with private sector so to widen the livelihood options for the poor and topromote micro enterprises. This subcomponent will finance the promotion of: (a)partnerships with the private sector to develop innovative enterprises; and (b) demanddriven vocational training facilities to link up job opportunities for educated youths. Carewould be taken to ensure that these linkages do not become a channel for exploitation ofthe unorganized and scattered small producers.C2. Product Development/Test Marketing. The objective of this sub-component is toinvest in some well-defined research studies to explore new opportunities in processingand value addition initiatives. This sub-component will finance the piloting of newmicro enterprises and research in areas relating to post-harvest methodologies and nontimber forest produce and the development of new economic activities with value addedproducts for livelihood improvement. The project's interventions include measures toreduce the risks and production costs for CBO members, improve their p
The Community Development and Livelihood Improvement Project (the Project), to be financed by IDA, aims to enable the rural poor to improve their livelihood and quality of life. The main objective of the project is to support GOSL' s strategy of reducing rural poverty and promotion of sustainable and equita
Coastal Areas in Western Province, Sri lanka," Journal of Environmental Professionals Sri Lanka, vol. 3, 2014. [15] "Clean Air in Sri Lanka: Summary of progress on improving air qulity," Country Network Sri Lanka, 2008. [16] D. S. R. O. S. Lanka, national environmental act, No. 47 of 1980, Department of government printing, Sri Lanka, 2009.
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II. OVERVIEW OF SRI LANKA DEVELOPMENT CONTEXT 6 2.1 Summary 7 2.2 Sri Lanka’s performance in achieving the MDGs 8 2.3 Sri Lanka – Overview of the post-conflict political situation since 2009 10 2.4 Sri Lanka’s economic growth 13 2.4.1 Poverty and exclusion 13 2.4.2 Unemployment 14 2.
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