Jewish Writings Of The Second Temple Period

Jewish Writingsof the Second Temple Period-

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(‘1 1984 by Stichting Compendia Rerum ludaicarum ad Novum TestamenturnNo parts of this book may be reproduced in any form, by print, photoprint. microfilm or anyother means without written permission from the publisher.ForewordCIP-gegevensJewishJewish Writings of the Second Temple Period: Apocrypha, Pseudepigrapha, Qumran Sectarian Writings, Philo, Josephus ! ed. by Michael E. Stone. - Assen : Van Gorcum (Compendia Rerum Iudaicagum ad Novum Testamentum. Section Two: The Literature of theJewish People in het Period of the Second Temple and the Talmud; vol. 2)Met bibliogr., index.SISO 213 UDC 892.4(091):296.1Trefw.: joodse godsdienst; literatuurgeschiedenis.ISBN 90 232 2036 6 geb.LC 83-48926LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING IN PUBLICATION DATAMain entry under title:Jewish Writings of the Second Temple Period.(The Literature of the Jewish People in the Period of the Second Temple and the Talmud; 2)(Compendia Rerum Iudaicarum ad Novum Testamentum; section 2)Bibliography: p. 603Includes index.1. Religious literature, Jewish-History and criticism. I. Stone, Michael E. 1938. II.Series.BM485.L57 vol. 2 296.1 s [296. I] 83-48926ISBN O-8006-0603-5 (U.S.)Printed in The Netherlands by Van Gorcum, AssenThe first section of Compendia was published in two volumes in 1974and 1976. At that time it Gould not be foreseen that the preparation of thenext section would take so many years, that only now a first part appears inprint. The Compendia project is based on teamwork, which necessarilyinvolves a great deal of consultation and discussion. At an advanced stageof preparation it became evident that the original plan was too narrow foran adequate treatment of the sources. In 1979 a new outline was prepared,providing for a three volume work instead of the original two, and a freshteam of editors was engaged to complete the work. The present volume isthe first fruit of this undertaking and it is expected that the remaining twovolumes will appear within two years.It is an honourable duty for the Compendia Foundation to acknowledgeall scholars who have given their contributions to the realization of thesecond s’ection. First of all, we mention M. de Jonge, who very skilfullyand energetically directed the editorial procedure in the first stage of theproject and unselfishly cooperated in the move towards its final form. Thebasic outline of the section we owe to R. Le Deaut, whose great sensitivityto both the Jewish and Christian dimensions of the project substantiallyinfluenced the actual scope of the work. S. Sandmel was a full member ofthe editorial team of our section till 1970, when he resigned after hisappointment as editor-in-chief of HUCA. His inspiring cooperation wasvery much appreciated and with deep sorrow we received the tidings of hissudden death in 1979. He was succeeded by G. Vermes, who resigned in1974 because of other commitments, among them the heavy burden of thenew edition of Schiirer’s History of the Jewish People. We also mentionwith gratitude the name of B. S. Jackson, who was a skilful and carefuleditor from 1972-1978.The list of our acknowledgements is rather long, due to the extendededitorial history of our section and we refrain from mentioning all thepresent members of the editorial board; their names appear on the titlepage of the present book. Some exceptions should, however, be allowed.We wish to mention with gratitude S. Safrai, who has guided theCompendiu project from the beginning, was one of the chief editors of the

I oltI:L ‘oKI)first section and signed thr the volume in prcparatation on the Literature ofthe Sages. We feel also much obliged to M. E. Stone, who was first engagedas an author and at a critical stage of the projected accepted full editorialresponsibility for the present volume, taking an active part in the revisionof its outline. Full and continuous assistance was provided in the preparation of the volume by the Foundation’s executive editors W. J. Burgersand P. J. Tomson. We finally express our sincere thanks to the authors, whohave shown a great deal of patience and understanding during the longhistory of the book.We use this occasion to pay tribute to the memory of W. C. van Unnik,who died in March 1978. Van Unnik hasshowngreatinterestin the Compendiu project from its start in 1967 and took part in many editorial meetings. Heread all the contributions in the first section before printing and many ofhis comments found their way into the printed text. It is very regrettabllethat we had to miss him as reader in the preparation of the present volume.As early as 1947, in his inaugural lecture held at the University of Utrecht,Van Unnik expressed the view that early Christianity could be fullyunderstood only in the context of Judaism: ‘Jesus and Paul have after birthnot been carried around the hearth, but they have been circumcised on theeight day and they lived accordingly.’ It is this view which guided theCompendia project.The Compendia Foundation deeply regrets the passing away of two of i tsmembers, C. A. Rijk and A. C. Ramselaar, who both fostered the JewishChristian dialogue in the Roman Catholic Church. Rijk was a member ofthe founding committee of the Compendia project, whereas Ramselaar wasan active member of the Foundation from 1969 until his death in 1982.May their memory be a blessing for-all who follow their steps on the road ofbrotherhood and peace between Jews and Christians. H. van Praag, whoinitiated the Compendia and has been president of the Foundation since itsstart in 1967, handed over the chairmanship to R. A. Levisson in Januari1984.J. van Goudoever,Secretary of the Compendia Foundation.Editor’s PrefaceThe production of this volume has drawn upon the talents and energies ofmany. The Editor wishes to express his thanks in particular to those authorswho so patiently bore with his new dicisions, who agreed to revise,sometimes to rewrite, articles and sections of articles, and to all the authorswithout whose writing and generous participation the volume could nothave come into being.A good deal of the intensive work of this volume was carried out whilethe Editor was Fellow-in-Residence of the Netherlands Institute for Advanced Study in the Humanities in 1980-81. His gratitude is expressed tothe NIAS for the opportunities that year offered him.M. E. StoneAcknowledgementsThe contribution by M. Gilbert was translated from the French by K.Smyth, who also did a stylistic revision of the articles by P. Borgen and D.Flusser. Much retyping has been done by Mss. C. A. Jaffe, I. M. C. Oey andM. A. Threlfall. The indices were prepared by H. Sysling.The following translations have been used: Revised Standard Version,including the Apocrypha; The Nag Hammadi Library in English, ed. J. M.Robinson; The Dead Sea Scrolls in English, by G. Vermes; T h ePseudepigrapha of the 0. T., ed. by R. H. Charles.The Editors gratefully acknowledge the Loeb Classical Library (HarvardUniversity Press: W. Heinemann Ltd.) for its permission to use its translations of Philo and Josephus. Fortress Press of Philadelphia is acknowledged for allowing use of parts of Nickelsburg, Jewish Literature forthe preparation of chapters 2 and 3. Doubleday and Co, and J. H. Charlesworth graciously gave pre-publication access to The Old TestamentPseudepigrapha to some of the authors.Board of the Compendia Foundation:R. A. Levisson, President; J. van Goudoever, Secretary; H. E. Oving,Treasurer; Y. Aschkenasy, H. de Bie, L. Dequeker, A. van der Hei&, H.Kremers, Th. C. de Kruijf, H. van Praag, J. C. Tupker.VIVII

ContentsFOREWORDEDITOR’S PREFACE, ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSVVIIIXCONTENTSXVIIINTRODUCTION,by M. E. StoneCHAPTER ONE: THE HISTORICAL BACKGROUNDby I. GafniIntroductionThe Hellenistic PeriodThe Hasmonean UprisingThe Hasmonean StateRoman Rule in JudaeaInstitutions and Parties in Second Temple JudaeaOpposition to Rome and the Great RevoltBetween the Wars: From Jerusalem to YavnehCHAPTER TWO: STORIES OF BIBLICAL AND EARLY POSTBIBLICAL TIMESby G. W. E. NickelsburgDaniel l-6The Prayer of NabonidusSusannaBe1 and the DragonTobitJudithIX139131722242733343537384046

(‘ON’1 EN’I’S( ON II:N ISJoseph and AsenethParaleipomena of JeremiahEpistle of Aristeas3 MaccabeesBibliography5256606572758084Eupolemus 162Pseudo-Eupolemus 16.5Artapanus 166Other Fragmentary HistoriansPseudo-Hecataeus 1691 Maccabees2 MaccabeesOther Historical WorksBibliographyCHAPTER THREE: THE BIBLE REWRITTEN AND EXPANDEDby G. W. E. Nickelsburg89CHAPTER FIVE: JOSEPHUS AND HIS WORKSby H. W. A ttridgeThe Career of Josephus and his AutobiographyThe Jewish WarDate 192Sources Z 93Content 194Tendencies Z 95Responsibility for the Destruction of Jerusalem 196Pro-Flavian Elements 200Theological Reflections 203Jewish Suffering 207The AntiquitiesDate 210Sources and Contents 211Tendencies 217Divine Providence 218Treatment of Herod 219Prophecy 223Moralizing 224Defense of Jewish Rights 225The Pharisees and the Future of Jewish-Roman Relations 226Against Apion or On the Antiquity of the JewsConclusionBibliographyMartyrdom 01‘ Isaiahl‘hc Lives of the Prophets (by L . Sulrun)The Testament of Abraham1 Enoch and the Books of Giants901 Enoch 6- 11 901 Enoch 12-16 921 Enoch 106-107 931 Enoch 65-67 and 83-84 94The Book of Giants 95Jubilees97The Genesis Apocryphon104The Book of Biblical Antiquities107The Books of Adam and Eve110The Apocalypse of Moses 210The Life of Adam and Eve 113Hellenistic Jewish Poets118Philo the Epic Poet 118Theodotus the Epic Poet 121Ezekiel the Tragedian 12.5Supplements to Biblical Books130The Story of Darius’ Bodyguards 131Additions to the Book of Esther 135David’s Compositions 138Baruch 140The Epistle of Jeremiah 146The Prayer of Azariah and the Song of the Three Young Men 149Bibliography152CHAPTER FOUR:HISTORIOGRAPHYby H. W. A ttridgeI EsdrasFragments of Hellenistic HistoriansDemetrius 16f157157160x168171* 176183183SIX : PHIL0 OF ALEXANDRIAby P. BorgenThe Exposition of the Laws of MosesThe Life of Moses 1 and 2 234On the Creation 236185185192210227231232CHAPTERXI233233