GraspIT Questions AQA GCSE Physics Forces
GraspIT – Questions – AQA GCSE Physics ForcesA. Forces and their Interactions1. Quantities that we measure can be grouped into scalars and vectors.a. Describe the difference between scalars and vectors. (2)Scalars have magnitude only.Vectors have magnitude and direction.b. Complete the table by putting the following quantities in the correct place. (2)AccelerationMassSpeedTimeDisplacementScalar QuantitiesVector QuantitiesMassAccelerationTimeDisplacementSpeedc. Describe the difference between speed and velocity. (2)Speed is a scalar - it has magnitude only.Velocity is a vector - it has magnitude and direction.d. Explain how a car moving around a traffic island at a steady speed of 20 mph is constantly accelerating.(3)The direction is constantly changingSo, the velocity is changing as it is a vectorAs acceleration is rate of change of velocity this must also be changing.2. Forces can be described as contact forces or non-contact forces. Gravity is an example of a non-contactforce.a. i) Give one other example of a non-contact force. (1)Magnetism, electrostatic forceii) Give two examples of contact forces. (2)Air resistance (or drag), Friction, Tensionbetter hope brighter future
GraspIT – Questions – AQA GCSE Physics Forcesb. Forces are represented as arrows in a free body diagram.A book being pushed along a table has a number of forces acting upon it.Draw a free body diagram on the space below to show the forces acting on a book being pushed alonga horizontal table. (4)NormalThrustFrictionWeightc. A student ties a rope to a sledge.The student pulls the rope with a force of 15 N at an angle of 30 to the horizontal (ground).Use a scale drawing to determine the size of the horizontal and vertical components of the forceapplied by the student. (3)Scale drawing done correctly15 NVertical component is 7.5 N /- 0.2 N from scale drawingHorizontal component is 13.0 N /- 0.2 Nd. Two forces act on a box, as shown in the diagram below.Work out the resultant force on the box. (2)35 N120 N85 Nto the rightbetter hope brighter future
GraspIT – Questions – AQA GCSE Physics Forces3. This question is about weight and mass.a. State the equation that links gravitational field strength, mass and weight. (1)Weight mass x gravitational field strengthb. i) An astronaut has a weight of 750 N on Earth, where the gravitational field strength is 9.8 N/kg.Work out the mass of the astronaut. (2)Mass weight / gravitational field strengthMass 76.5 kgii) The astronaut goes to the Moon where the gravitational field strength is 1.6 N/kg.Work out the weight of the astronaut on The Moon. (2)Weight 76.5 x 1.6Weight 122.4 Niii) Give the mass of the astronaut on the Moon.Explain your answer. (2)Mass 76.5 kgMass does not depend on where you are in the Universebetter hope brighter future
GraspIT – Questions – AQA GCSE Physics ForcesB. Work Done and Energy Transfer1. This question is about work done.a. i) Define the term work done. (1)Work done is the energy transferred when a force moves an objectii) State the equation that links distance, force and work done. (1)Work done force x distanceiii) A crane is used to lift a load on a building site. The load has a weight of 8500 N and israised 24 m.Work out the work done against gravity. (3)Work done force x distanceWork done 8500 x 24Work done 204,000 Jiv) The crane lifts another load up the same vertical distance (24 m).The energy transferred by the crane in lifting the pallet is 30 360 J.Work out the weight of the pallet. (2)Weight work done / distanceWeight 1265 Nv) Describe the energy transfers that take place when the crane lifts a load. (3)Chemical potential energy from the fuel in the craneTransferred to gravitational potential energyWith some energy wasted as heatbetter hope brighter future
GraspIT – Questions – AQA GCSE Physics Forces2. A child sits on a sledge at the bottom of a hill. The child is pulled by a friend to the top of the hill that has aheight of 12 m. The path to the top of the hill is 34 m in length.The child has a weight of 300 N and the sledge has a weight of 15 N.a. Work out the work done against gravity in pulling the child and the sledge to the top of the hill. (2)Work done force x distanceWork done 315 x 12 3780 Jb. The children swap places and the other child is now pulled to the top of the hill.The work done in pulling the second child to the top of the hill was 4620 J.Work out the weight of the second child. (2)Weight Work done / distanceWeight 385 Nc. Work done is usually measured in joules, J.Give an alternative unit for work done. (1)Nmd. When a pencil eraser is rubbed onto a desk the eraser heats up.Explain why the eraser heats up when rubbed on the desk. (2)Work is being done against frictional forcesWhich causes a rise in the temperature of the eraserbetter hope brighter future
GraspIT – Questions – AQA GCSE Physics ForcesC. Forces and Elasticity1 Springs are used both in tension and compression.a. Describe what is meant by tension and compression of a spring. (2)Tension is where the spring is being stretchedCompression is where the spring is being squashedb. Complete the table by giving two uses of springs in tension and two uses of springs in compression. (4)Uses of Springs in TensionUses of Springs in CompressionNewtonmeterVehicle suspension springTrampolinesMattress / bed springsAny relevant usesc. Springs can be used to keep fire doors closed.When a fire door is opened, the spring is stretched which then applies a force to close the fire dooragain. Figure 1 shows how the spring is used.A force-extension graph for the spring is shown in Figure 2.Figure 1Figure 2c. i) State the equation used to find the spring constant of a spring. (1)Force spring constant x extensionii) Work out the spring constant of the spring used in Figure 2. (2)Spring constant force / extensionSpring constant 10 / 0.2 50 N/mbetter hope brighter future
GraspIT – Questions – AQA GCSE Physics Forcesiii) When the fire door is fully opened the spring is stretched 25 cm.Work out the closing force applied by the spring when it is stretched 25 cm. (2)Force 50 x 0.25Force 12.5 Niv) The fire door spring is removed from the door for testing.During testing a force is applied to the spring and the extension is measured. The force applied tothe spring is increased until the spring snaps.Force / NDraw the force-extension graph for the test described above. (2)Extension / md. i) Mountain bikes use springs for front suspension.A typical mountain bike spring has a spring constant of 90 000 N/m and can be compressed 6 cm.Use the formula given to work out the energy stored in the spring when compressed 6 cm. (2)Ep 1/2 k e2Ep 0.5 x 90 000 x 0.062Ep 162 Jii) The spring on the mountain bike is changed to adjust the suspension. A new spring is added that hasbetter hope brighter future
GraspIT – Questions – AQA GCSE Physics Forcesa spring constant of 120 000 N/m.Work out the distance this new spring has been compressed if it has 2820 J of elastic potentialenergy. Give your answer in mm. (2)2820 / (0.5 x 120 000) e2e 0.047 0.22 mbetter hope brighter future
GraspIT – Questions – AQA GCSE Physics ForcesD. Moments, Levers and Gears (Physics Only)1 A driver has a flat tyre. The driver uses a spanner to remove the nuts holding the wheel in place.The spanner has a length of 35 cm and the driver applies a force of 300 N to the end of the spanner.a. i) State the equation used to find the moment of the force. (1)moment force x distanceii) Work out the moment of the force applied by the driver to the wheel nut. (2)moment 300 x 0.35moment 105 Nmiii) Another driver applies a force to the same spanner.The moment of the force is now 270 Nm.Work out the size of the force applied by this driver. (2)Force moment / distanceorForce 270 / 0.35Force 771 Niv) Give two ways in which the driver can apply a greater moment of the turning force applied to thenut. (2)Apply the force at a greater distance from the pivot (use a longer spanner)Apply a greater force to the spanner2. a. Complete the following sentences. (3)If a seesaw is balanced the total clockwise moment equals the total anticlockwise moment.The moment of a force is measured in units of newton metres, Nm.better hope brighter future
GraspIT – Questions – AQA GCSE Physics Forcesb. Two children, Child A and Child B, sit on either side of a see-saw.Child A has a weight of 450 N and sits 1.4 m from the pivot. Child B sits 1.6 m from the pivot.The see-saw is balanced.Work out the weight of Child B. (3)Anticlockwise moment clockwise moment450 x 1.4 weight child B x 1.6Weight Child B 394 N3. A crowbar is used to prise up a floorboard.The crowbar is 70 cm long from the pivot, and the floorboard is 12 cm on the other side of the pivot.A force of 120 N is applied to the end of the crowbar.Work out the force applied to the floorboard. (3)Anticlockwise moment clockwise moment120 x 0.7 force x 0.12Force 700 N4. A simple gear system is set up as shown in the diagram below.The large cog has 40 teeth and the smaller cog has 20 teeth.The large cog is rotated clockwise at a speed of 4 revolutions per minute.Describe the motion of the smaller cog. (2)The smaller cog will rotate anticlockwiseThe smaller cog will complete 8 revolutions a minute (or will spin faster)better hope brighter future
GraspIT – Questions – AQA GCSE Physics ForcesE. Pressure and Pressure Differences in Fluids (Physics Only)1. Complete the following sentences. (3)A fluid can be either aliquid or a gas.The pressure in a fluid causes a force at right-angles to any surface.2. This question is about pressure in a fluid.a. i) State the equation that links area, force and pressure. (1)Pressure force / areaii) A force of 18 N acts on a surface that has an area of 0.015 m2.Work out the pressure acting on the surface. (2)Pressure 18 / 0.015Pressure 1200 Pab. Circle the two equivalent units for pressure. (1)m/sN/m2N/mm/s2Pac. A surface has an area of 25 cm2.Convert 25 cm2 into m2. (1)25 cm2 0.0025 m23. A stone is dropped into a lake. The lake is 8.2 m deep.Fresh water has a density of 1000 kg/m3. The gravitational field strength on Earth is 10 N/kg.a. Work out the pressure on the stone at the bottom of the lake. (2)Pressure density x gravitational field strength x height of columnPressure 1000 x 10 x 8.2Pressure 82 000 Pabetter hope brighter future
GraspIT – Questions – AQA GCSE Physics Forcesb. Another stone is dropped into the sea.Sea water has a different density to fresh water.At a depth of 8.2 m the pressure on the stone is 84 380 Pa.Work out the density of sea water to three significant figures. (2)Density pressure / (gravitational field strength x height of column)Density 1030 kg/m34. A student puts three holes into an empty bottle.The holes are arranged vertically, as shown in the diagram below.The bottle is then filled with water.a. i) Complete the diagram to show how water will leave through the three holes. (1)ii) Explain why the water leaves the bottle in the way that you have drawn, above. (2)The water at the bottom of the bottle is under the greatest pressureThe liquid at the bottom of the bottle will exert a greater force on the walls of the container.better hope brighter future
GraspIT – Questions – AQA GCSE Physics Forces5. A submarine floats in mid-water at a depth of 47 m, to the top of the submarine.The submarine has a height of 8.7 m. The surface area of the top and bottom surfaces of the submarine is250 m2.a. i) Explain why the submarine experiences an upthrust. (2)There is a difference in pressure between the top of the submarine and the bottom of thesubmarineThe difference in pressure is equal to the upthrustii) The density of the water is 1034 kg/m3. Take g 9.8 N/kg.Work out the weight of the submarine in kilonewtons, kN. (4)Pressure difference 1034 x 9.8 x 8.7Pressure difference 88 159 PaAs pressure force / areaForce 88159 x 250 22 040 kNiii) Submarines have ballast tanks that hold water or air inside the submarine.To surface, the submarine puts air into a ballast tank (which expels water from the tank). Explainwhy this would cause the submarine to surface? (2)Filling the ballast tanks with air decreases the weight of the submarineSo, the upthrust is now greater than the weight causing the submarine to risebetter hope brighter future
GraspIT – Questions – AQA GCSE Physics Forces6. A child inflates a balloon with helium. The balloon is made from rubber.When the end of the balloon is tied the size of the balloon remains constant.a. i) Describe the two opposing forces that act on the balloon to keep the balloon the same size. (2)Force due to air pressure of the air inside the balloon pushing the balloon outwardsForce due to outside air pressure pushing the balloon inwardsii) The helium balloon is released and it goes up into the sky.Describe what happens to the size of the balloon (assume the temperature of the balloon remainsconstant). Explain your answer. (2)The balloon expandsAs there is a lower pressure as you get higher (so a lower force acting inwards)b. When mountaineers climb high mountains they usually carry oxygen with them. The mountaineersneed to carry oxygen due to changes in atmospheric pressure as you go higher.Explain how atmospheric pressure varies with height above the Earth's surface. (2)The higher you go the lower the pressureAs there is less weight of air pushing downc. Complete the sentence. (1)For air molecules to create an atmospheric pressure the air molecules must collide with a surface.better hope brighter future
GraspIT – Questions – AQA GCSE Physics ForcesF. Forces and Motion1 a. Describe the difference between distance and displacement. (2)Distance is a scalar quantity - it has magnitude onlyDisplacement is a vector quantity - it has magnitude and directionb. An athlete runs around an oval shaped running track. The track is 400 m in length.The athlete runs around the track four times.i) State the distance travelled by the athlete. (1)1600 mii) State the displacement of the runner at the end of the four loops of the track. Explain your answer. (2)Displacement 0 mAs after 4 complete loops the athlete is in the same position2 a. Describe the difference between speed of a car and its velocity. (2)Speed is how fast an object is movingVelocity is how fast an object is moving and in which direction2 b. Complete the table below by giving the typical speeds of a person when walking, running and cycling, inm/s. (3)Persons' ActivityWalkingRunningCyclingSpeed in m/s1.5362 c. Suggest three reasons why the instantaneous speed of a cyclist would differ from the typical speed statedabove. (3)Road not always horizontalTraffic conditions may varyRidingsurface may changebetter hope brighter future
GraspIT – Questions – AQA GCSE Physics Forces3. A person watches a rocket explode at a firework display. The person hears the explosion 2.5 seconds afterseeing the rocket explode.a. Work out how far away the rocket was when it exploded. (3)Speed of sound in air 330m/sDistance speed x timeDistance 330 x 2.5Distance 825 mb. Children are often told that the time difference, in seconds, between seeing lightning and hearing thethunder is the distance the lightning strike was away, in miles.The speed of sound is 330 m/s.One mile is 1604 m.Explain whether children are told the distance correctly. (3)Children not told correctlySound will travel 330 m every second whereas one mile is 1604 mIt will take sound 4.9 seconds to travel one mile (or other suitable calculation)4 Boats use sonar to find the depth of water where they are.They measure the time taken to receive the echo of the sound wave that is sent out from the boat.If it takes 4.7 s to receive the echo. The speed of sound in water is 1498 m/s.Work out the depth of the sea at that point. (4)Distance speed x timeDistance 1498 x 4.7Total distance to the sea floor and back 7 041 mDepth of the sea 3 520 mbetter hope brighter future
GraspIT – Questions – AQA GCSE Physics Forces5 The motion of a car is shown in the distance-time graph below.a. i) Describe fully the motion of car. (5)A to BConstant speedof 20 m/sB to CStationary (for 20s)C to DConstant speedof 10 m/sii) A motorbike completes the same journey at a greater average speed.On the graph, above, add a second line to show the motion of the motorbike. (1)Line drawn that gets to 500m before 60 sbetter hope brighter future
GraspIT – Questions – AQA GCSE Physics Forces6 A car has its speed analysed over a period of one minute. The graph, below, shows the motion of the car.a. i) State the times when the car was stationary. (1)0s and 60 sii) During which times did the car have the greatest acceleration?Explain how the graph shows this. (2)50 to 60 sThe line on the graph is the steepestiii) Work out the acceleration of the car for the first 20 seconds of its journey. (2)acceleration change in velocity / time taken ora 25 / 20acceleration 1.25 m/s2iv) Work out the total distance travelled by the car. (3)Distance travelled area under the lineDistance travelled (0.5 x 25 x 20) (25 x 30) (0.5 x 25 x 10)Distance travelled 1125 mbetter hope brighter future
GraspIT – Questions – AQA GCSE Physics Forces7 A stone is dropped off a cliff.The stone hits the floor at a speed of 21.2 m/s.The acceleration due to gravity on Earth is 9.8 m/s2.a. Work out the height of the cliff. (3)v2- u2 2 a sAs the stone is dropped the initial velocity 0 m/s21.22 - 02 2 x 9.8 x ss 22.9 mb. The stone did not reach terminal velocity as it fell.What conditions are required for an object to fall at terminal velocity? (2)Weight is equal in sizeBut opposite in direction to drag / air resistancebetter hope brighter future
GraspIT – Questions – AQA GCSE Physics ForcesG. Forces, Acceleration and Newton's Laws of Motion1 This question is about Newton's Laws of Motion.a. i) State Newton's First Law of Motion. (1)A body will continue with uniform motion unless a resultant force acts upon itii) State the equation used to commonly show Newton's Second Law of motion. (1)Force mass x accelerationiii) A car crashes into a crash barrier.The car experiences a force of 27 000 N.Describe the force acting on the crash barrier. (2)The force acting on the crash barrier is 27 000 NBut acting in the opposite directionb. A motorbike and rider have a combined mass of 320 kg. The driving force supplied by the motorbike'sengine is 6700 N.Work out the acceleration of the motorbike and rider. (2)Acceleration force / massAcceleration 20.9 m/s2c. Give the property of matter that gives an object the tendency to continue at rest or at a steady speed ina straight line. (1)Inertiad. A car accelerates from rest until it reaches its top speed along a test track.Explain how the acceleration of the car changes during its journey. (4)Maximum acceleration at the start as no drag force initiallyAs drag increases the acceleration of the car is reducedAt top speed driving and resistive forces are balanced, so no resultant forceTherefore, no accelerationbetter hope brighter future
GraspIT – Questions – AQA GCSE Physics Forces2 A ball of mass 0.6 kg is kicked with a force of 38 N.Work out the acceleration of the ball. (2)Acceleration force / massoracceleration 38 / 0.6Acceleration 63.3 m/s23 A father and son go ice skating. The son pushes the father with a force of 70 N.State the size of the force on the son. Explain your answer. (2)- 70 NAs Newton's third law states that every action has an equal and opposite reactionbetter hope brighter future
GraspIT – Questions – AQA GCSE Physics ForcesH. Forces and Braking1 This question is on the stopping distances of vehicles.a. i) State the equation that links braking distance, stopping distance and thinking distance. (1)Stopping distance thinking dista
GraspIT – Questions – AQA GCSE Physics Forces better hope brighter future b. Forces are represented as arrows in a free body diagram. A book being pushed along a table has a number of forces acting upon it. Draw a free body diagram on the space below to show the forces actin
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