PRONUNCIATION ERRORS MADE BY CHINESE STUDENTS
PRONUNCIATION ERRORS MADE BY CHINESE STUDENTS ATUNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANGTHESISBy:Rizky Putri Arinsandi201310100311126ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION DEPARTMENTFACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATIONUNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG2018
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MOTTO AND DEDICATION“Be as yourself as you want”I dedicated this thesis to:My beloved mother (Anna) and father (Winarko)My lovely sister (Rizka Febrianti)My lovely brother (Andhika Adi Nugroho)My Advisors (Masyhud, M. Pd. and Dr. Sudiran, M.Hum.)All of my friends who always support me.v
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSIn the name of Allah SWT who has given us mercy, all praises be to AllahSWT the almighty for the blessing given to the researcher during her study and incompleting this thesis. Sholawat and Salam are also delivered to the ProphetMuhammad SAW who has brought from stupidity to cleverness that is islam.I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my first advisor Masyhud.,M.Pd., for giving me guidance and help to finish this thesis. I would like to extendmy sincere thanks to Dr. Sudiran, M.Hum., as my second advisor for his kindnessand suggestion. I also thank to all my lecturers in English Education for all yourtime to share your knowledge.My greatest sincere appreciation is for my parents. First, my mother,Anna, for her endless love, pray, and support. Second, my father, Winarko, foralways taking care of me. The last is to my beloved sister and brother, RizkaFebrianti and Andhika Adi Nugroho, who always support me to finish this thesis.Their motivation, advice, support, and praying have been making the researcher tobe a better person.Special thanks are also given to all of my friends who have given theirsupport to me. Then, thanks to BCT squad and Nadhiva who made my life full ofjoy.Malang, April 2018Rizky Putri Arinsandivi
TABLE OF CONTENTSCOVER . iAPPROVAL . iiLEGALIZATION . iiiORIGINALITY DECLARATION . ivMOTTO AND DEDICATIONS .vABSTRACT . viACKNOWLEDGMENTS . viiTABLE OF CONTENTS . viiiLIST OF TABLES .xLIST OF APPENDICES . xiiiCHAPTER I-INTRODUCTION1.1 Research Background . 11.2 Research Problems . 51.3 Research Objectives . 51.4 Scope and Limitation . 51.6 Research Significance . 51.7 Definition of the Key Terms . 6CHAPTER II-REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE2.1 Speaking . 72.2 Pronunciation . 82.2.1 The Indicators of Good Pronunciation . 82.2.2. The Elements of Pronunciation . 92.3 Error . 112.3.1 Types of Errors . 122.3.2 The Causes of Pronunciation . .132.4 Error Versus Mistake. . .14CHAPTER III-RESEARCH METHODOLOGY3.1 Research Design . 163.2 Research Subject . 16vii
3.3 Data Collection. 173.3.1 Technique and Instrument . 173.3.2 Procedure of Data Collection . 183.4 Data Analysis . 18CHAPTER IV-RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION4.1 Findings . 204.1.1 The Pronunciation Error Made by Chinese Students . 204.1.1.1 Errors in Pronouncing Consonant Sounds . 214.1.1.2 Errors in Pronouncing Vowel Sounds . 224.1.1.3 Errors in Pronouncing Diphthong Sounds . .244.2 Discussion . 25CHAPTER V-CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION5.1 Conclusion. 275.2 Suggestion . 285.2.1 Suggestion for The Lecture . 285.2.2 Suggestion for The Student . 285.2.3 Suggestion for The Further Researchers . 29REFERENCES .30APPENDICESviii
LIST OF TABLESTable 2.1 Manner of Articulation . 11Table 3.1 Types of Pronunciation Errors . 19Table 4.1 The Result of Pronunciation Errors . 20Table 4.2 Errors in Pronouncing Consonant Sounds . 21Table 4.3 Errors in Pronouncing Vowel Sounds . 23Table 4.4 Errors in Pronouncing Diphthong Sounds. 24ix
LIST OF APPENDICESAPPENDIX:1. Pronunciation Test . 332. The Result of Pronunciation Error Test . 343. The Result of Pronunciation Error . 36x
REFERENCESAlimemaj, Z. M. (2014). English Phonological Problem Encountered by AlbanianLearners. Eroupean Scientific Journal 10, 159-164.Amara, Naimi. (2015). Errors Correction in Foreign Language Teaching. TheOnline Journal of New Horizons in Education – July 2015 Vol. 5, Issue 3.AMEP Research Centre. 2002. What is Pronunciation. Macquarie University.Sydney Australia.Arikunto, S. (2006). Procedure Penelitian Suatu Pendekatan Praktik. Ed RevisionVI, PT Rineka Cipta: Jakarta.Brown, H. Douglas (2000). Principles of Language Learning & Teaching. FourthEdition. New York:Longman.Burns, A. (2003). Clearly speaking: Pronunciation in action for teachers.Macquarie University, Sydney NSW 2109.Creswell, John W. (2014). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and MixedMethods Approaches. 4th Edition. Los Angeles: Sage Publications, Inc.Crystal, David. (2008). A Dictionary Of Linguistics And Phonetics. Sixth Edition.ISBN : 978-1-405-15296-9.Ellis, R. (2003). The Study of Second Language Acquisition. Tenth Impression.Oxford University Press, Oxford Uk.xi
Fraser, H. (2000). Coordinating Improvements in Pronunciation Teaching forAdult Learners of English as A Second Language. Canberra: DETYA(Australia National Training Authority Adult Literacy Project).Gilakjani, A. Pourhosein (2012). How Can EFL Teachers Help EFL LearnersImprove Their English Pronunciation?Journal of Language Teaching andResearch, Vol. 7, September 2016.Harmer, J. (2007). How to teach English. Longman, ISBN 1405853093,9781405853095.Hassan, E. M. I. (2014). Pronunciation Problems: A Case Study of EnglishLanguage Students at Sudan University of Science and Technology.Canadian Center of Science and Education. Vol. 4, No. 4Herman.(2016). Students’ Difficulties in Pronuncing the English LabiodentalSounds. Communication and Linguistics Studies.Vol. 2, No. 1, 2016, doi:10.11648/j.cls.20160201.11Jabeen, Aqsan. (2015). The Role of Error Analysis in Teaching and Learning ofSecond and Foreign Language. Education and Linguistic Research. ISSN2377- 1356 2015, Vol.1, No 2.Kelly, G. (2004). How to Teach Pronunciation. Pearson Education LimitedKeshavarz, M. Hossein (2017). An Investigation into Pronunciation Problems ofHausa Speaking Learners of English. International Online Journal ofEducation and Teaching (IOJET), 4(1).61-72.xii
Lili, Gao. (2005). Pronunciation Difficulties Analysis : A Case Study Using NativeLanguage Linguistics Background To Understand A Chinese EnglishLearners’ Pronunciation Problem. Celea Journal. Vol.28. No.2Nunan, D. (2003). Practical English Language Teaching. First EditionInternational Edition 2003. ISBN 007-282062-4.Sugiyono, (2015). Metode Penelitian Pendidikan (Pendekatan Kuantitatif,Kualitatif dan R&D). CV. Bandung: Alfabeta.Yates, L., & Zielinski, B. (2009). Give it a go: Teaching Pronunciation to Adults.AMEP Research Centre, Department of Immigration and Citizenship,Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.xiii
How to Teach Pronunciation. Pearson Education Limited . Keshavarz, M. Hossein (2017). An Investigation into Pronunciation Problems of Hausa Speaking Learners of English. International Onli
Introduction to the 1. Learn how to Introduction to Introduction to the Chinese Language pronounce Chinese. Mandarin Chinese Chinese Writing System 2. Understand the basics pronunciation of the Chinese writing Computer Input in Chinese system. 3. Begin typing Chinese on a computer. Lesson 1 1. Say and respond to 1.
Spelling and Pronunciation Errors in English Language ARTICLE HISTORY Received: 11.01.2017 Revised 01.03.2017 Accepted 03.03.2017 ABSTRACT Pronunciation is the way a word or a langu someone letters a word. A way of speaking a word, especially a way that is accepted or generally understood. Pronunciation is a graphic representation of the way a
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Different teaching methods have had different opinions about the importance of learning correct pronunciation and about how pronunciation should be taught. See Appendix 1, page 449, for a chart that summarizes various teaching methods’ approaches to teaching pronunciation. What is the main emphasis of pronunciation teaching today?
Pinyin, a short name for Chinese Pinyin Scheme, is a scheme of annotating Chinese characters and the spelling of Mandarin/Putonghua pronunciation (Modern Chinese Dictionary, 2002, p. 496). - 4 - Canadian students' perception of unfamiliar Chinese written symbols into more familiar phonetic
Errors and Data Analysis Types of errors: 1) Precision errors - these are random errors. These could also be called repeatability errors. They are caused by fluctuations in some part (or parts) of the data acquisition. These errors can be treated by statistical analysis. 2) Bias errors - These are systematic errors. Zero offset, scale .
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