Treasures Of Arabic Morphology - Archive
From the Treasures of Arabic Morphology From theTreasuresofArabicMorphologyNOTE : Treasures of Arabic morphology has beenpublished by Zam zam Publishersof Pakistan.Unfortunately the quality of the print is poor and thepublishers have retyped the contents pages withtyping errors. If anyone is prepared to publish thebook in a quality format, kindly contact the author atalinaam@alinaam.org.za. All comments and criticismsare welcome. Post your comments to the above emailaddress.Page 1 - http://www.al-inaam.com/Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown
From the Treasures of Arabic MorphologyTitleFrom the TreasuresMorphologyAuthorMoulānā Ebrāhīm MuhammadFirst EditionSafar 1427 A.H.March 2006Academy for Islamic ResearchMadrasah In’āmiyyahP.O. Box 39Camperdown3720South AfricaPublished byTel 27 031 785 1519Fax 27 031 785 1091emailal inaam@yahoo.comofArabicCopyright 2006 Madrasah In’āmiyyahAll rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored ina retrieval system, or transmitted in any form, or by any means,electronic, mechanical, photocopying, or otherwise, without the priorpermission of Madrasah In’āmiyyah, except in the case of briefquotations embodied in critical articles and reviews.Typeset on Times New Roman 12 and Traditional Arabic 18 byAcademy for Islamic Research, Madrasah In’āmiyyah, Camperdown,KwaZulu Natal, South Africa.Page 2 - http://www.al-inaam.com/Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown
From the Treasures of Arabic MorphologyContentsIntroductionSome Useful TermsArabic TermsThe Types of WordsTransitive and Intransitive VerbsPositive and NegativeActive and PassiveThe Second Category of VerbsExercise 1Types of NounsThe Scales of VerbsExercise 2The Categories of Triliteral VerbsExercise 3The Perfect Active ( )Exercise 4The Perfect Passive ( )Exercise 5The Imperfect ( )Exercise 6The Imperfect Passive ( )Exercise 7The ( !" # )Exercise 8The ( )Exercise 9The (%&) and (' #) of EmphasisExercise 10The Imperative ( ()Exercise 454950555661Page 3 - http://www.al-inaam.com/Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown
From the Treasures of Arabic MorphologyThe Prohibition ( )Exercise 12The Derived Nouns ( )* , -. )The Active Participle (/0 1 2 )Exercise 13The Passive Participle ( 1 2 )Exercise 14The Elative (/ 1* 2 )Exercise 15The ( ! 1")The Noun of the Instrument ( 3 2 )Exercise 16The Adverb ( 4 2 )Exercise 17The Intensive Adjective ( 5 ! 5 ")Exercise 18The Categories (6 () of Verbs6165666668697071737476787981828485The (6 () of (7 8 9:9)85The First (6 )85The Second (6 )86The Third (6 )86The Fourth (6 )87The Fifth (6 )88The Sixth (6 )Exercise 19The (6 () of (; ? 9:9)Construction of the Derived NounsThe Abbreviated Paradigm of each (6 )889597( @ 6 )979091Page 4 - http://www.al-inaam.com/Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown
From the Treasures of Arabic MorphologyExercise 20(/ 1A 6 )Exercise 21( B0 1 6 )Exercise 22( 1#@ 6 )Exercise 23( * @ 6 )Exercise 24( : @ 6 )Exercise 25(/C 1A 6 )Exercise 26(/0 1A 6 )Exercise 27( 1*2@ 6 )Exercise 28( @ 6 )Exercise 29( : @ 6 )Exercise 30( C @ 6 )Exercise 31Four Root-Letter VerbsExercise 32The Derived FormsVerbs(/BD 1A 6 )Exercise 33( EB 6 )Exercise 9119121121123123ofFour125126129Root-Letter 130130132132134Page 5 - http://www.al-inaam.com/Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown
From the Treasures of Arabic Morphology( : 6 )Exercise 35Other Derived FormsExercise 36The Seven CategoriesExercise 37The Rules of ( F )Rule 1Rule 2Rule 3Rule 4Rule 5Rule 6Rule 7Rule 8Rule 9Rule 10Exercise 38The Orthography of the HamzahThe Paradigms of ( F )Exercise 39Exercise 40Exercise 41Discussion of (G F )Discussion of (%: F )Exercise 42The Rules of (/* )Rule 1Rule 2Rule 3Rule 4Rule 5Rule Page 6 - http://www.al-inaam.com/Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown
From the Treasures of Arabic MorphologyRule 7Rule 8Rule 9Rule 10Exercise 43Rule 11Rule 12Rule 13Rule 14Rule 15Rule 16Rule 17Rule 18Rule 19Rule 20Rule 21Rule 22Rule 23Rule 24Rule 25Rule 26Exercise 44The Paradigms of ( H )Exercise 45The Paradigms of ( ()Exercise 46The Paradigm of ( I ()Exercise 47The Paradigms of (JK #) and (L 1 )Exercise 48Exercise 49Exercise 50Combination of ( F ) and (/* )Exercise 2283Page 7 - http://www.al-inaam.com/Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown
From the Treasures of Arabic MorphologyThe Rules of (L0 )Rule 1Rule 2Rule 3Rule 4Rule 5Exercise 52Exercise 53A Combination of (L0 ) , ( F ) and (/* )Exercise 54Special Meanings (N " M) of Each (6 )284284286287288289290297301303304The (N " M) of ( # 6 )304The (N " M) of (6 6 )304The (N " M) of (O- 6 )305The (N " M) of (% 6 )The Derived CategoriesThe (N " M) of ( @ 6 )305306306The (N " M) of (/ 1A 6 )309The (N " M) of ( B0 1 6 )311The (N " M) of ( * @ 6 )312The (N " M) of ( 1#@ 6 )314The (N " M) of ( : @ 6 )314The (N " M) of (/ 1A 6 )315The (N " M) of (/0 1A 6 )317The (N " M) of ( 1*2@ 6 )318The (N " M) of ( @ 6 )319The (N " M) of ( : @ 6 )320The (N " M) of ( C @ 6 )320The (N " M) of ( BB 6 )321Page 8 - http://www.al-inaam.com/Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown
From the Treasures of Arabic MorphologyThe (N " M) of (/B 1A 6 )321The (N " M) of ( : @ 6 )322The (N " M) of ( E: @ 6 )Application of the Special MeaningsChallenging WordsAppendix A - Morphology or Etymology?Bibliography322323325352356Page 9 - http://www.al-inaam.com/Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown
From the Treasures of Arabic Morphology IntroductionArabic Morphology ( PP PPB0)is a branch of ArabicGrammar dealing with word-forms and patterns. It ishighly essential for the incumbent student of Arabic tolearn this science in order to be proficient in the language.Acquiring an understanding of word patterns is of primeimportance in learning the language.This is a comprehensive book dealing with all theimportant aspects of the subject. If a student has to studythis book thoroughly, he would develop a very goodfoundation in this science and it would absolve him of theneed to study any further books on the subject.The Arabic names of morphologic terms have beenadopted instead of the Urdu forms commonly found in thetext books of Islamic seminaries. Thus I have used theFBQ G0) instead of ( PFB GP0). Similarly, insteadof writing (RPP ), the correct Arabic form of ( P )has been used while the term ( PP ) is used instead of( PP ) which is incorrect. This will enable the student toterm (learn the correct Arabic terms from the initial stages of hislearning.Included also is a collection of rules of word-changeswhich affect many Arabic verbs and nouns. The rules havebeen clearly explained with examples and a step by stepPage 10 - http://www.al-inaam.com/Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown
From the Treasures of Arabic Morphologymethod as to how a word is changed from its original formto its present one.It is hoped that this book will be beneficial for the studentsof Arabic Grammar and Morphology and simplify the pathto understanding the intricacies of the language. Āmīn.For a detailed discussion on the name of this subject,whether it is called Morphology or Etymology, refer toAppendix A at the end of this book.Some Useful TermsConjugation: A paradigm, class, or table of verb forms insuch inflected languages as Latin and French, whereelements are distinguished from each other by patterns ofinflection relating to tense, person, number.1Declension: A term used to describe the case system ofnouns and other words.2Inflection: The variation or change of form that wordsundergo to mark distinctions of case, gender, number,tense, person, mood, voice, comparison.3Linguistics and Philology: The study of language.Paradigm: pronounced (pa-ra-dime), in grammar, a set ofall the (especially inflected) forms of a word (write, writes,wrote, writing, written), especially when used as a modelfor all other words of the same type.41The Oxford Companion to the English Language, p. 256, 1992.Ibid, p. 281.3Websters Third New International Dictionary, vol. 2, p. 1160.4The Oxford Companion to the English Language, p. 747, 1992.2Page 11 - http://www.al-inaam.com/Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown
From the Treasures of Arabic MorphologyArabic TermsThe following are some of the Arabic terms usedfrequently in this book. It would be advisable to learnthem thoroughly as they are frequently used throughoutthe book.Term MeaningA diacritical pointSP denoting the soundof ‘a’. A diacritical point - TP denoting the soundof ‘u’. A diacritical point - UP denoting the soundof ‘i’. A diacritical point purpose of joiningpronunciationVPthat serves thetwoletters A letter having a fathah, e.g. (W ) X )A letter having a dammah, e.g. (Y A letter having a kasrah, e.g. (ZU) inA letter having a sukûn or jazm, e.g. (\[ ) The three diacritical points, fathahdammah and kasrah are each called aharakah A letter having a harakah, e.g. (W )Page 12 - http://www.al-inaam.com/Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown
From the Treasures of Arabic Morphology ! " The first root letter of a word, also referredto as consonant or radical, e.g. the () of(]W *W ) ! # The second root letter of a word, e.g. the ! %The third root letter of a word, e.g. the ( )(N) of (]W *W )of (]W *W ) &'(Word-form denoting the number, genderand mood of the verb)! * (6 () is the plural of (6 ) which refersto a category of verbs belonging to oneclass. The first verb of the perfect tense( ) and the imperfect tense ( ),are used to indicate the diacritical points ofthe alphabets of the verbs.Page 13 - http://www.al-inaam.com/Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown
From the Treasures of Arabic MorphologyThe Types of WordsMeaningwordExample10 2 !-noun/a X W3/ 42 -verb/ W 50 2 .particle – it is dependent on either [ UTerm / . - ,6 W* Uan ( P2 ) or (/P ) in conveying itsmeaningWith regards to meaning and tense, a verb is of threetypes:Term6 7!8 7! 9!MeaningIndicates the occurrence ofan action in the past tense. Itis referred to as the perfecttense in English.Indicates the occurrence ofan action in the present orfuture tense. It is referred toas the imperfect tense inEnglish.a commandExample/ PPW – Hedid./D W 1b W -He isdoing or hewill do./b PPW b U – Youdo.Page 14 - http://www.al-inaam.com/Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown
From the Treasures of Arabic MorphologyTransitive and Intransitive VerbsTerm :; !MeaningIntransitive – doesnot require an objectExample [ P PU F[ W - He iswalking. 4 7!Transitive - requiresan object6W PW! b ]X *W1b W – He isopening the door.Positive and NegativeTerm ?@A6 BMeaningpositivenegativeExample/D W 1b W – He is doing./D W 1b W & – He is not doing.The terms (R!H ) and ( 1 ) are also used.Active and PassiveTerm5 4 C DMeaningactive tense – the doerof the action is knownpassive tense – the doerof the action is notknownExample/D W 1b W – He is doing./D W 1b W – It is beingdone.Page 15 - http://www.al-inaam.com/Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown
From the Treasures of Arabic MorphologyThe Second Category of VerbsWith regard to the root letters ( B". c ) of a verb, theyare of two types:Term 9:9 0 Meaning3 root letters ortriliteral4 root letters orquadriliteralExample W W #W W H [ WEach of these two types is further divided into two categories:(1) (7 8) – the ( ) consists of root letters only, withoutany extra letters.(2) (; ? ) - the ( ) has root letters plus extra letters.This results in the following four categories:Term7 8 9:9; ? 9:97 8 0 ; ? 0 Meaning3 root letters onlyExample W W #W3 root letters plus extraletters4 root letters onlydW W*W [ U4 root letters plus extraletters/ W [ W AW W H [ WPage 16 - http://www.al-inaam.com/Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown
From the Treasures of Arabic MorphologyExercise 1(1) Determine whether the following verbs have 3 rootletters or 4 root-letters.(a) / ( (b) eW W [ 7W(c) eW W MW(d) W 1 0[ W(e) W f [K (2) What do the following terms mean:TermMeaning . 9:9 0 7 8; ? Page 17 - http://www.al-inaam.com/Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown
From the Treasures of Arabic MorphologyTypes of Nouns(1) There are three types of nouns - (, - ):[a] , [b] g* and [c] .(2) The ( P – verbal noun) is a word that indicates theoccurrence of an action and is free of tense e.g. ( X P[ h ) –to assist.(3) The (g*P ) is a word derived from a verb e.g. ( PU" W#) –helper is derived from ( W W #W).(4) The ( PP ) is neither a ( PP ) nor a (g*P ) e.g.(/a X W ) – man.(5) The ( PP ) and the (g*PP ) also fall under thecategories of ( 9:9), ( 0 P ), (7 P8) and (;P P ? ) likethe (/PP ). The categories mentioned under the verb like(] i") etc. also apply to an ( 2 ).(6) The noun ( PP ) with regard to its letters can eitherhave three root letters (triliteral), four root letters(quadriliteral) or five root letters (quinquiliteral). It istherefore of six types:[1] (7 8 9:9) e.g. (/a X W ) – a man[2] (; ? 9:9) e.g. ( WF U ) – a donkeyPage 18 - http://www.al-inaam.com/Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown
From the Treasures of Arabic Morphology[3] (7 8 0 ) e.g. (6 W )b 0W ) – scorpion[4] (; ? 0 ) e.g. (\ j [ KU) - papera W [ 1 2W ) - quince[5] (7 8 2 k) e.g. (/[6] (; ? 2 k) e.g. (N [ !XQ [0W ) – aspider(7) The scholars of morphology generally deal with the(/P ) because most of the changes (N 1 P A) occur in a(/P ) while few changes occur in an ( P2 ) and none occurin a ( ).Page 19 - http://www.al-inaam.com/Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown
From the Treasures of Arabic MorphologyThe Scales of VerbsThe Arabic verb is constructed from a root which usuallyconsists of three letters called consonants or radicals.These consonants form a kind of skeleton whichconstitutes the verb-stem to which prefixes and suffixesmay be added.Arabic verbs are mostly triliteral, that is, they areconstructed of three root letters. The simplest form of theverb is the third person masculine singular of the perfecttense ( P /P 1 P dPI l mP P ). In mostdictionaries, all the words derived from a triliteral root areentered under the third person masculine singular form ofthe verb.In Arabic, there are two main tenses, the perfect or pasttense ( PP ), denoting actions completed at the time towhich reference is made; and the imperfect ( PP ), forincompleted actions, referring to the present or futuretenses. The present and future tenses are thus expressed bythe imperfect form ( P ). The imperative ( P . ) maybe considered a modification of the egrammarians use the three letters of the verb (/ P W ), wherethe () represents the first radical of the verb, the ( )represents the second radical of the verb and the ( )represents the third radical of the verb. This is the scalePage 20 - http://www.al-inaam.com/Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown
From the Treasures of Arabic Morphology(' W?P[ U ) or standard by which the root letters of a verb aredetermined. Accordingly, the word (dW PPW* ) is on the scaleof W ), (dX PX*Qb W ) is on the scale of (/D PX 1b W ) and (d[ PX* b (D)(/is on the scale of (/b X b (D).The letter that corresponds to the () of the (' ?PP ) iscalled the (ِ PWFBUQ b ,T P ), that which corresponds to the ( ) iscalled the (ِ P FW BUQ b X [P 0W ) while the letter corresponding tothe ( ) is called the (ِ FW BUQ b %X & ).Example: the word (dW *W ) is on the scale of (/ W ):C85) Page 21 - http://www.al-inaam.com/Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown
From the Treasures of Arabic MorphologyExercise 2(1) Determine the scales of the following verbs and whateach letter represents. The first one has been done for you.(a) ( W W #W)C8 E5The (') is the (FBQ , ), the (n) is the ( PFBQ GP0), the( ) is the ( FBQ %X & ).(b)(O[ FW 2[ @U)(c)(]X *W1b AW)(d)(6X U[ #W)(e)(/D W o[ W )(f)(%W X )(g)(dX Ui[ W )(h)(dX pW mb W )(i)( q 2W )(j)(rW W 2W )Page 22 - http://www.al-inaam.com/Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown
From the Treasures of Arabic MorphologyThe Categories of Triliteral Verbs(FG! 6@;H ! )! * )(1) The first and third letters of a simple triliteral verb inPPi* ).The second letter or radical may be vowelled by a ( Pi* ),( F ) or (s P ). The active perfect tense ( P /P 1 P ) of triliteral verbs (7 P8 P9:9) is used on threethe active tense is always vowelled with a fathah (scales:[a] / W e.g. (]W *W )[b] / U e.g. (OW FU 2W )[c] / X e.g. (%W X )(2) The conjugation of the (/ PU ) and (/ PX ) forms is similar W ).to the conjugation of (/ PP PP ) of (/ PPW ) issometimes (/D PW 1b W ) e.g. (]X *WPb1W ]W *WP ) and sometimes (/D PX 1b W )e.g. ( X PX [ W W PW #W) and sometimes (/D PU 1b W ) e.g. ( 6W W PW 6X U[ W ).(4) The conjugation of the (/D PX 1b W ) and (/D PU 1b W ) is similar tothe conjugation of (/D W 1b W ).(3) The imperfect tense (Page 23 - http://www.al-inaam.com/Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown
From the Treasures of Arabic Morphology P ) of (/ PU ) is sometimes (/D PW 1b W ) e.g.(OX FW [ W OW FU 2W ) and sometimes (/D U 1b W ) e.g. (dX Ui[ W dW U W ). PX ) is only (/D PX 1b W ) e.g.(6) The ( P P ) of (/(%X X Qb W %W X ).(7) The ( ) of all three scales is (/ U D).(8) The ( 8 ) of all three scales is (/D W 1b X ).(5) The ((9) Based on the above-mentioned facts, there are sixcategories (6 () of (7 8 9:9) which are as follows:( X X [W W W #W)(1)(6X U[ W 6W W W ) (2)(]X *W1b W ]W *W ) (3)(OX FW [ W OW FU 2W ) (4)(%X X Qb W %W X ) (5)(dX Ui[ W dW U W ) (6)(10) There is no rule to specify which verb belongs towhich category (6 PP ). It is based on ( PP-) – as heardfrom the Arabs. One can also ascertain whichcategory a verb belongs to from a dictionary. There arehowever certain guidelines which are as follows:[a] If the verb belongs to the category of (]W *WPP Page 24 - http://www.al-inaam.com/Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown
From the Treasures of Arabic Morphology]X *WPb1W ) the second or third letter will be from the ( P )B )5, e.g. (dX pW mb W dW pW v ), ( D q [ W q 2W ), (OX FW o[ W OW FW W ).P /PP 1 ) is of the form[b] If the perfect ( P(/ PU ), the imperfect ( P /P 1 ) is generally from thecategory of (OX FW [ W OW FU 2W ).[c] If the perfect ( P / 1 ) is of the form (/ PX ),the imperfect ( PP /PP 1 ) is generally from thecategory of (%X X Qb W %W X ).Exercise 3P ) does each of the following verbTo which category (6 Pbelong:D W ![W (1) (ww W W)(2) (ZX X *[W ZW W AW)(3) ( X W 1b W W U )(4) (dX BDfb W dW B j )(5) (rX U [ W rW W 2W ) )B ) are the following six letters:(x y z y y y { y ,).5The (Page 25 - http://www.al-inaam.com/Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown
From the Treasures of Arabic MorphologyThe Perfect Active Tense ((1) There are 14 word-forms (( PP /PP 1 ).5 PP") )of the perfect tenseAll three diacritical points or vowels(N P ) can be used on the (PFBQ GP0) as is apparentfrom the above-mentioned six categories (6 ().(2) The Arab Grammarians usually begin the Perfect (/P 1 P ) and Imperfect ( P /P 1 ) conjugations with thethird person (dPPPI l), followed by the second person(dj ) and finally the first person ( BQ* ).(3) Unlike English, Arabic also has a dual form for thesecond and third persons. As for the first person, the pluralform is used for both the dual and plural.(4) Hereunder follow the paradigms of the perfect tense.Note that the first three froms are for the masculine whilethe second three are for the feminine of the third person.The following six forms are for the second person, the firstthree being for the masculine and the second three for thefeminine. The final two forms are for the first person.Page 26 - http://www.al-inaam.com/Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown
From the Treasures of Arabic MorphologyI?H7! 5 47! 6 7! 34 ! &'J ! (Word-form)VerbdI l m / W dI l m HA B W dI l m O} [ BD W dI l w# R[ B W dI l w# HA W*B W dI l w# O} W Bb W m RW Bb W m HA WF*XBb W m O} [ *XBb W w# RU Bb W w# HA WF*XBb W w# O} h *XBb W BQ* RX Bb W BQ* O} W Bb W Page 27 - http://www.al-inaam.com/Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown
From the Treasures of Arabic MorphologyExercise 4Conjugate the following verbs in the perfect tense ( P ) in table form :X BU5[ W dW B l )(a) (d(b) (]XoW [W ]W oW #W)(c) (/D *X)b W / *WK )(d) (wD W ![W w W W)(e) (/D MX [ W / MW 7W )(f) (dX *XQb W dW *W )(g) ( X B [ W W BU0W )(h) ( X U [W W U #W)(i) ( XiWo[ W W iW W )(j) (/D !W)b W / !UK )Page 28 - http://www.al-inaam.com/Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown
From the Treasures of Arabic MorphologyThe Perfect Passive ( The ( PP PP ) )is constructed from the ( PP P ) in all triliteral verbs ( 7 P8 P9:9). If we take thefirst verb, namely the third person singular form, (/ P W ), a( FP ) is rendered to the first letter, a (s P ) is renderedto the second letter while the third letter remains in itsoriginal condition. The result is (/ PU D). No matter what the(PP )of the second letter in the active tense is, in thepassive tense it will always be ( Active – (5 4 )Q ). Examples:Passive – (C D ) W W #W W U #XOW FU 2WOW FU 2X%W X %W U DNote that the intransitive verbs can be used in the passive tense ifthey are used with a particle ((U;U ), e.g.dW pU vD ) – It was taken.Page 29 - http://www.al-inaam.com/Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown
From the Treasures of Arabic MorphologyI?H7! C DG! 6 7! 34 !Word-formVerbsingular masculine 3rd person/ U Ddual masculine 3rd person: U Drdplural masculine 3 personrdsingular feminine 3 personrddual feminine 3 person [ BD U DR[ B U D W*B U Dplural feminine 3 person W Bb U Dsingular masculine 2nd personRW Bb U Ddual masculine 2nd person WF*XBb U Dplural masculine 2nd person [ *XBb U Dsingular feminine 2nd personRU Bb U Ddual feminine 2nd person WF*XBb U Dplural feminine 2nd person h *XBb U Dsingular first personRX Bb U Ddual and plural first person W Bb U DrdPage 30 - http://www.al-inaam.com/Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown
From the Treasures of Arabic Morphology6 K7! 5 47! 6 7! 34 !VerbPronoun/ W W W pX B W W WFpX [ BD W W [ pXR[ B W W W pU W*B W W WFpX W Bb W W h pXRW Bb W W RW #[( WF*XBb W W WF*X#[( [ *XBb W W [ *X#[( RU Bb W W RU #[( WF*XBb W W WF*X#[( h *XBb W W h *X#[( RX Bb W W W#( W Bb W W X i[ #WThe words ( PW ) or (& )areusedforthenegative sense. To use(& ) with ( P ), theconditionisthatthe(& ) must be repeatedeg.( B"W& W rW h "W : ).The column on theright indicates how thepronouns ( I FPP ) areused with the verbs.Page 31 - http://www.al-inaam.com/Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown
From the Treasures of Arabic Morphology6 K7! C DG! 6 7! 34 !Word-formVerbdI 5 / U D W ' !I 5 B U D W ' !I 5 [ BD U D W !I 5 R[ B U D W ' *!I 5 W*B U D W N !I 5 W Bb U D W dj RW Bb U D W ' !j WF*XBb U D W ' !j [ *XBb U D W !j RU Bb U D W ' *!j WF*XBb U D W N !j h *XBb U D W BQ* RX Bb U D W 5 O BQ* W Bb U D W Note the Arabic terms used for the different word-forms inthis table.Page 32 - http://www.al-inaam.com/Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown
From the Treasures of Arabic MorphologyExercise 5(a) Translate the following sentences:' [ )D b W K W pX'D [ )D b ,S U KD U [W [ *XQb W W*!W*W WFpX W*!WBUjD 'U W* [!U b 1AX RW Bb ( RW #[( Q W @U [ *XHb U X [ *X#[( W Bb U b RU ![B j RU #[( 1 [ *W[ FX b @U h *XHb U X h *X#[( !W W [ U W X i[ #W [ QD [ K W F[ U W (b) What is the (5 ") of the following verbs:[1] ( 'v s H I2 ?. , L, B BK )[2] ( 1b #W 3, .M, )[3] (N !2 N . O. )[4] (' [5] (; (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10). . O. )). - P. F )Page 33 - http://www.al-inaam.com/Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown
From the Treasures of Arabic Morphology[6] (; ! 2 *R- Q- , )[7] (% Q B0 S. -N )[8] (I2 , T- Rs7 v@ )[9] (I2 , -MNd#v C q)2 UR .KMV :. .[10] (1 )(c) Are the following verbs ( ) or ( 8)?[1] (' ?U W )W Bb !UKD)[2] (R[3] ( h AX [ U D )[4] ( W X W)[5] ( W# [ U KD)Page 34 - http://www.al-inaam.com/Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown
From the Treasures of Arabic MorphologyThe Imperfect ( )The Imperfect ( ) is formed by adding prefixes and/orsuffixes to the perfect tense. The prefixes can either be any of theW [AW( ). The suffixes may either be (' ), (' ), ( ) or justletters ( (').After adding the prefix, the first radical or letter of the verb has(' Q2), e.g. the () of (/D W 1b W ) has a sukûn. The second lettercan have any of the three harakât, depending on which category(6 ) the verb belongs to.In the indicative case (O ), the final vowel of the thirdFBQ %&) is ( F ) in the singular form of the verb, e.g.(/D W 1b W ), (/D W 1b AW), (/D W b ( ) and (/D W 1b #W). For the subjunctive case ( d ), this ( F ) is changed to ( i* ), e.g. (/ W 1b W ), (/ W 1b AW),(/ W b ( ) and (/ W 1b #W); while for the jussive case (%? ), it isreplaced by a (' Q2), e.g. (/b W 1b W ), (/b W 1b AW), (/b W b ( ) and (/b W 1b #W). Theradical (changes in the singular and dual forms will be discussed later.Page 35 - http://www.al-inaam.com/Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown
From the Treasures of Arabic MorphologyI?H7! 5 47! 8 7! 34 !MeaningVerbHe is doing or he will do./D W 1b W They (2 males) are doing or they will do.'U B W 1b W They (plural males) are doing or they will do.' [ BD W 1b W She is doing or she will do./D W 1b AWThey (2 females) are doing or they will do.'U B W 1b AWThey (plural females) are doing or they will do. W Bb W 1b W You (1 male) are doing or you will do./D W 1b AWYou (2 males) are doing or you will do.'U B W 1b AWYou (plural males) are doing or you will do.' [ BD W 1b AWYou (1 female) are doing or you will do. W [BU W 1b AWYou (2 females) are doing or you will do.'U B W 1b AWYou (plural females) are doing or you will do. W Bb W 1b AWI am doing or will do./D W b ( We are doing or we will do./D W 1b #WPage 36 - http://www.al-inaam.com/Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown
From the Treasures of Arabic MorphologyI?H7! C DG! 8 7! 34 !6 K7! 5 47! 8 7! 34 !6 K7! C DG! 8 7! 34 !/D W 1b X /D W 1b W & /D W 1b X & 'U B W 1b X 'U B W 1b W & 'U B W 1b X & ' [ BD W 1b X ' [ BD W 1b W & ' [ BD W 1b X & /D W 1b AX/D W 1b AW & /D W 1b AX & 'U B W 1b AX'U B W 1b AW & 'U B W 1b AX & W Bb W 1b X W Bb W 1b W & W Bb W 1b X & /D W 1b AX/D W 1b AW & /D W 1b AX & 'U B W 1b AX'U B W 1b AW & 'U B W 1b AX & ' [ BD W 1b AX' [ BD W 1b AW & ' [ BD W 1b AX & W [BU W 1b AX W [BU W 1b AW & W [BU W 1b AX & 'U B W 1b AX'U B W 1b AW & 'U B W 1b AX & W Bb W 1b AX W Bb W 1b AW & W Bb W 1b AX & /D W b (D/D W b ( & /D W b (D & /D W 1b #X/D W 1b #W & /D W 1b #X & Page 37 - http://www.al-inaam.com/Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown
From the Treasures of Arabic MorphologyExercise 6(1) To which category (6 PP ) do each of the followingverbs belong:(a) (gDB g BM)(b) ( UB4 B )(c) ( X! W!0)(d) ( UB B )(e) ( D4 4#)(2) What is the ( 5 ") of the following words:, 2 R , 42 W. %, G) Q (1), 2 N . 42 O. #( (2) \ 1R - XV W. %, '@ (3) [ U 1b W U [R - 2 , %, (4), 2 N N \V W. m (5) f m R ?R 2 , %, (6)/ @ , 2 R XN K2 W. ;, , , (7)' 0 , 2 4R K. 2 W. (8)Page 38 - http://www.al-inaam.com/Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown
From the Treasures of Arabic MorphologyThe Imperfect Passive Tense (The ( PP P ) PP ) )is constructed from the (in all triliteral verbs (7 P8 P9:9). PP If we take thefirst verb, namely the third person singular form, (/D PW 1b W ), aFP ) is rendered to PP ) – sign ofP :0the imperfect tense. A ( PPi* ) isrendered to the( PFBQ GP0) while the ( PFBQ %&)remains as it is. The result is (/D P W 1b X ). No matter what the( P ) of the ( PFBQ GP0) in the active tense is, in thepassive tense, it will always be ( *1 ). Examples:(Active – (5 the first letter which is the (4 )Passive – (C D ) X X [W X W [X OX FW [ W OX FW [ X 6X U[ W 6X W[ X Page 39 - http://www.al-inaam.com/Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown
From the Treasures of Arabic MorphologyExercise 7(a) Translate the following into English:' [ BD [ X p /D W 1b W hF0W /D [ X & X !WB 6X W [ X X .S W X FW h %W [ W b /D [ X U W W WiFX b U U Q [ W b /D *W)b X Q C [ U U [ U 'D W B X W 1b X /b pW(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(b) Translate the following sentences into Arabic:[1] The door of the school is being opened.[2] He is being sent to Madînah.[3] The disbelievers will be defeated.[4] The car will be left on the road.[5] The book will be read today.(c) Conjugate the following verbs into the ( PPP 8):(5)X W 1b W (4)%X ?U [ W ( 3) X QD [ W ( 2)rX X [ W ( 1)OX U [ W Page 40 - http://www.al-inaam.com/Madrassah Inaamiyyah Camperdown
From the Treasures of Arabic MorphologyThe (!" # ) ) ar
From the Treasures of Arabic Morphology Page 10 Introduction Arabic Morphology (PP PPB0) is a branch of Arabic Grammar dealing with word-forms and patterns. It is highly essential for the incumbent student of Arabic to lear
From the Treasures of Arabic Morphology Page 10 Introduction Arabic Morphology ( RR RRB0) is a branch of Arabic Grammar dealing with word-forms and patterns. It is highly essential for the incumbent student of Arabic to lear
113 70 0645 arabic letter meem 114 71 06ba arabic letter dotless noon 115 72 0646 arabic letter noon 116 73 0648 arabic letter waw 117 74 0624 arabic letter hamzah on waw . 121 78 0649 arabic letter alef maqsurah 122 79 06d2 arabic letter ya barree 123 7a 06be arabic letter knotted ha 124 7b a
ﺑﺮﻌﻟا The Beginner's Guide to Arabic GUIDE TO STUDYING ARABIC 2 WHY STUDY ARABIC 2 HOW TO STUDY ARABIC 3 WHERE TO STUDY ARABIC 4 WHAT YOU NEED BEFORE YOU START 4 THE ARABIC ALPHABET 5 INTRODUCTION TO THE ALPHABET 5 THE LETTERS 6 THE VOWELS 11 SOME BASIC VOCABULARY 13 RESOURCES FOR LEARNING ARABIC 17 ONLINE 17 RECOMMENDED BOOKS 18 OUR NEWSLETTERS 19 by Mohtanick Jamil . Guide to .
0644 arabic letter lam 0645 arabic letter meem 0646 arabic letter noon 0647 arabic letter heh 0648 arabic letter waw 0649 arabic letter alef maksura 064a arabic letter yeh tashkil from iso 8859
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Classical Arabic to Modern standard Arabic Focusing on the main reason for changes within the Arabic language. Then it discusses the Arabic dialects focusing on the phenomenon of diglossia, which is the existence and use of two or more types of Arabic in an Arabic-speaking country, the reasons for its existence and its effect
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A local apparatus according to ASTM C167-82 was prepared to measure the thickness for loose materials to calculate the density of materials like rock wool. A new sonic viewer device was used to measure the average times of compressional and shear waves(Tp,Ts) respectively which are transit through the composites to calculate their velocities (Vp,Vs) in order to calculate the dynamic elastic .
