The White House Diary: Jacqueline Kennedy Oral History .
ISSUE 15 H FALL 2011THE DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION AND PUBLIC PROGRAMS AT THE JOHN F. KENNEDY PRESIDENTIAL LIBRARY AND MUSEUMThe White House Diary:Discover JFK’s ThousandDays in OfficeH August 28, 1961: The firstPeace Corps volunteers meet JFK,then depart for Ghana the next dayH September 3, 1961: JFK signs 1.25 Minimum Wage BillH September 25, 1961: JFKendorses disarmament and challenges the Soviets to a Peace RaceH October 11, 1961: JFK holdsa press conference to discussVietnam, mental retardation,and the Berlin WallH November 13, 1961: PabloCasals plays at a White Housedinner in honor of GovernorLuis Muñoz Marín of Puerto RicoH November 22, 1961: JFK sendsadvisors to South VietnamH December 14, 1961: JFKestablishes Commission on theStatus of WomenOne of the most excitingthings about studyinghistory is how, whennew source material comes tolight, we can re-examine existinginterpretations of the past, andcome to a new or deeper understanding. On September 14, 2011,one such source will be madeavailable to the public andhistorians for the first time ever—an oral history of JacquelineKennedy. In the spring of 1964,President and Mrs. Kennedy view a performance of thejust months after her husband’sBlack Watch Tattoo on the White House South Lawn,assassination, Jacqueline Kennedy November 13, 1963.sat down with historian andKennedy family friend Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr. for a series of seven wide-rangingconversations. These discussions were part of an extensive oral history project thatcaptured the recollections and reflections of those close to President Kennedyshortly after his death. Sealed for 47 years, the oral history transcripts and tapeswill be published in a new book, Jacqueline Kennedy—Historic Conversations onLife with John F. Kennedy with a foreword by Caroline Kennedy and annotationsby historian Michael Beschloss.In the eight-and-a-half hours of audio recordings, Mrs. Kennedy shares her personalrecollections on a variety of topics from JFK’s early campaigns to the CubanMissile Crisis, and from their family and married life in the White House to herevolving role as first lady. She also provides keen observations of the politics andpersonalities of the day, both on national and international stages. In announcingthe publication in conjunction with the 50th anniversary of the Kennedy administration, Caroline Kennedy, president of the Kennedy Library Foundation, notedthat, “My mother’s passion for history guided and informed her work in the WhiteHouse. She believed in my father, his vision for America, and the art of politics. It’s a privilege for me to honor the memory of my parents by making thisunique history available.”continued on page 2HIGHLIGHTS 3 The President’sDesk5 P eace Corps 50thAnniversary5 S trikingGold6 S tudentSpotlightPHOTO BY ABBIE ROWETravel back in time to the early1960’s and experience each ofPresident Kennedy’s thousand daysin office through the interactiveWhite House Diary—a daily schedulefor President John F. Kennedy thatincludes digital scans of his actualappointment diary for any givendate, as well as video, audio, andphotographs of the day’s activities.Discover events like the oneslisted below by visiting http://whd.jfklibrary.org/diary/.Jacqueline Kennedy Oral History Unsealed After 47 Years
Oral History, continuedThe Library’s Oral History Project is one of the institution’soldest continuing activities. Other oral histories recorded aspart of this project include interviews with Robert Kennedy,Eunice Kennedy Shriver, R. Sargent Shriver, TheodoreSorensen, Robert McNamara, McGeorge Bundy, PresidentGerald Ford, and Lady Bird Johnson. These interviews areall housed at the Kennedy Library and may be accessedat www.jfklibrary.org/Asset-Viewer/Archives/JFKOH. Fora description of the program, visit ent in a written account. Encourage your students toinclude oral history in their research, and to assess theinformation in relation to other primary and secondarysources on the topic. Online oral histories ranging fromnarratives by former slaves to the public reaction to 9/11are readily accessible. On the Library’s website, topics suchas the Bay of Pigs Invasion or the Cuban Missile Crisis,for example, may be viewed through the lens of differentpresidential advisors’ recollections. And, in the case of theCuban Missile Crisis, these personal accounts may also becompared to the tapes from the secretly recorded meetingsof the ExCom (Executive Committee of the NationalSecurity Council). Tips for where to find and how toanalyze oral histories are listed below. Definition of oral history: the record of an individual’s reminiscences, accounts, and interpretationsof the past in his/her own spoken words obtainedthrough planned interview(s) and preserved throughthe use of audio and video recordings, film, and/orwritten transcription.In conjunction with the publication of Mrs. Kennedy’s oralhistory, the Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum willunveil a new exhibit, In Her Voice: Jacqueline Kennedy, TheWhite House Years. Excerpts from these conversations willbe displayed in context with the objects, documents, andphotographs that help tell the story of the events described byMrs. Kennedy as she recalled her life with the President. Inthe exhibit, you and your students may not only read theseexcerpts, but also listen to her remarks and glean informationfrom both her words and the intonation of her voice. This iswhat makes oral history unique in the constellation of primary source materials. Documents, such as diaries or letters,may provide a first-person perspective, but only in the studyof oral history can we learn more about a person or eventthrough the sound of her or his voice and through film footage—her or his body language, too.Among the objects on display will be the dress worn byMrs. Kennedy to a State Dinner held in Paris, 1961, andthe October 1962 paperweight calendar given by thePresident to Mrs. Kennedy for her personal support duringthe darkest days of the Cuban Missile Crisis. The exhibitwill be ongoing.Oral History in the ClassroomDo you use oral history in your classroom? Oral history asa primary source has great appeal to students. It personalizesthe past, contains a story element, often conveys emotion,and demonstrates spontaneity and candor not always2New FrontiersHistory also comes to life for students when they conductan oral history interview themselves. Preparing for theconversation by researching both the subject and theinterviewee, and creating questions tailored to the individual can yield a wealth of information and provide newinsights on a topic. For tips on creating and documentingoral histories, see the resources listed below. H Resources for Teaching with Oral History andConducting Oral History InterviewsEngaging Students with Primary Sources is a comprehensive guide to analyzing diverse original sourcematerials. It includes sample worksheets, lesson plans,and suggestions for finding oral histories for classroom use and organizing an oral history i.edu/professional/PrimarySources.pdfLibrary of Congress Teacher’s Guide: Analyzing OralHistories provides sample questions you can useto help students analyze oral histories and formquestions appropriate for further rces/guides.htmlYou can find oral histories online at:The Library of Congress: American s: Oral Histories nline.htmlStoryCorps: The Conversation of a y/
Take a Seat at The President’s Desk!Did you ever wonder what it is like to sit behindthe desk of the highest office holder in the land?You and your students, and visitors to theLibrary’s website may now sit virtually at PresidentKennedy’s Oval Office desk and explore the objects hekept around him—and the stories they tell. Created inconjunction with the 50th anniversary commemoration ofthe Kennedy administration, this interactive exhibit helpsbring JFK’s biography and presidency to life in new waysfor learners of all ages.“I hope users will feel they are sitting at the president’sdesk themselves, and will be excited to bring history to lifein this dynamic setting,” said Caroline Kennedy, Presidentof the John F. Kennedy Library Foundation, in a statementannouncing the launch of the new interactive featured onthe Library’s website. “My parents shared a love of history,and I know they would have enjoyed this exhibit themselves.”The President’s Desk home page is based on an archivalimage of JFK’s Oval Office and features seven interactivemodules. Highlighted objects—including the President’sWhite House diary (official appointments book), telephone, secret taping button, a piece of scrimshaw fromhis collection, a picture frame, a campaign button, andthe coconut husk paperweight containing the message thathelped to save him and his PT-109 crew in WWII—opento reveal unique multi-media presentations. Newlydigitized resources ranging from recorded meetings in theOval Office to family home movies populate the site, andprovide an engaging and fascinating glimpse into theKennedy White House and JFK, the man. More than1,000 primary sources are spotlighted in this exhibit.The mode of presentation for each object is different, butall offer the chance to explore a variety of original sources.Students may, for example, dial up conversations with tendifferent people from JFK’s rolodex. They can listen in ondiscussions with Attorney General Robert Kennedy abouta Gallup Poll following the Bay of Pigs invasion, or MajorGordon Cooper after splashdown following his spaceflight. Younger students may explore the road to theWhite House through the 1960 election campaign button,or find out more about JFK’s boyhood through the familyalbum featured in the picture frame module. Older studentsmay press the secret taping button and open the vault torecordings of meetings held in the Oval Office or CabinetRoom. They can play a recording on a reel-to-reel tape player,and in a “you are there” experience sit side-by-side withJFK as he and his top advisors discuss such pressing issuesas Vietnam or the Cuban Missile Crisis. Students of allages can learn more about JFK’s personal interests andconnections with the sea by selecting the piece of scrimshaw he kept on his desk. Clicking on this object unveilsa map of Cape Cod. By sailing his boat Victura from portto port, students can explore JFK’s maritime collections aswell as view home movies filmed in Hyannisport.As a teaching tool, The President’s Desk has applicationsto classroom learning and homeschooling. To help teachersmaximize its use, we created The President’s Desk:A Resource Guide for Teachers, Grades 4-12. Theguide provides curriculum-relevant lesson plans andactivities with ties to national standards. It is availableat sources and will be in print copy this winter. HThe President’s Desk was made possible with generoussupport from IBM, Staples, Inc., and Shari E. Redstone.New Frontiers3
Conference Marks Peace Corps AnniversaryTo commemorate the 50th anniversary of thePeace Corps, the Kennedy Library and John F.Kennedy National Historic Site presented CrossingBorders—Through Literature, Poetry and Personal Stories,a conference for teachers of grades 3-8 and school librarians.More than 100 people gathered at the Library on April 7,2011 for discussions with award-winning authors andPeace Corps educators on how to deepen students’ understanding of peoples and cultures around the world.Junko Yokota, professor of education and director ofthe Center for Teaching through Children’s Books atNational-Louis University, served as moderator for a paneldiscussion with authors Alma Flor Ada, Naomi ShihabNye, Linda Sue Park and James Rumford. The authorsdrew on personal experience, examples from their works,and responses from readers as they offered a range ofperspectives on what it means to “cross borders.”Marjorie Anctil and Lynette Bouchie of Coverdell WorldWise Schools guided participants through the Peace Corps’extensive resources for educators, available online atwww.peacecorps.gov/wws. Sasha Lauterbach, librarianat Cambridge Friends School, and Marion Reynolds, professor of children’s literature at Tufts University, presentedhigh quality books set in different countries as well ascriteria for selecting materials which accurately reflect aparticular culture.To access a bibliography created for the conferenceand to hear excerpts from the panel discussion,visit ssional-Development.aspx.PHOTO BY MATTHEW TEUTENPictured from L-R are Junko Yokota, Alma Flor Ada, Naomi Shihab Nye, Linda Sue Park and James Rumford.PHOTO BY MATTHEW TEUTENAudience members asked questions and shared ideas during thepanel discussion.4New Frontiers“As I think about borders, though, I think that many timesthere’s a confusion between another word beginning withthe same sound, and that is “barriers.” And I think thatit’s essential that borders should not be barriers. Havingbeen a several-times immigrant—from Cuba to Spain, fromSpain to Peru, from Peru to the United States—I knowvery well at a personal level the difficulties entailed inchanging completely from what is familiar and known tothe unfamiliar and unknown, and yet how enriching thatpossibility can also be.” — Alma Flor Ada
Striking Gold in the Digital ArchivesOn January 13, 2011 the Kennedy Librarylaunched a new website, highlighting its digitalarchives. Teachers and students may now accessa large number of the Library’s textual and audiovisualcollections from home and school. Entire archival boxes oftextual materials have been digitized and presented in amanner that will help students experience the excitementand challenges of real archival research.As an example of how you can explore the digitized resources, we have “pulled” a document from a virtual folder inthe President’s Office Files collection. (See image below)This memo, dated August 14, 1961, from PresidentKennedy to Secretary of State Dean Rusk was written theday after construction of the Berlin Wall began, and offersstudents an opportunity to evaluate Kennedy’s initialresponse tothe Wall. You might have students consider the followingquestions: H ow would building the Berlin Wall reflect poorly onthe East German government? W hy would Kennedy be concerned with “how far”exploiting the Berlin Wall should be pushed? You might also ask students to put themselves in theshoes of Secretary Rusk and providepossible ways the U.S. could use theBerlin Wall as a propaganda tool.As you can see, this document canprovide a “hook” for discussing thecritical situation in Berlin. How didwe find it among the thousands ofitems in the digital archives? Here isone of several methods:Step One – Destination:President’s Office FilesThe fully digitized collection of thePresident’s Office Files was originallya set of working files kept byPresident Kennedy’s personal secretary, Evelyn Lincoln, in her officelocated just outside the Oval Officein the White House.1. V isit the main page of ourwebsite at www.jfklibrary.org.2. Click the “Research” tab and select“Search the Archives.”3. I f you click the “Search” buttonwithout entering any data, ascreen will appear with a row oftopics on the left side of the page.You can now browse the variouscategories in the Digital Archives.4. U nder “Digitized Collection,”select “Papers of John F.Kennedy. Presidential Papers.President’s Office Files.”continued on page 7New Frontiers5
PHOTO BY TOM FITZSIMMONSSTUDENT SPOTLIGHT!PHOTO BY TOM FITZSIMMONS100 middle school students from across Massachusetts werehonored on March 23rd with the Make a Difference Award atthe John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum. Eachstudent received a personalized certificate in recognition of hisor her volunteer work.The Library’s Make a Difference Award is given to Massachusettsstudents who are nominated by a teacher or principal for theiroutstanding volunteer work in their school, neighborhood, town,or global community. H“President Kennedy believed that every person can make a difference and each of us should try.These students are an inspiring example of JFK’stimeless call to service.” — Library Director Tom PutnamPHOTO BY KENNEDY LIBRARY AND MUSEUM STAFF6New FrontiersKevin Kay, a junior at Walt Whitman High School inBethesda, Maryland, was selected as the first-placewinner of the 2011 Profile in Courage Essay Contest.Kay was honored at the Profile in Courage Awardceremony on May 23, 2011 along with Award recipientsElizabeth Redenbaugh and Wael Ghonim.Kay’s winning essay tells the little-known story of FloridaState Representative John B. Orr Jr. who risked his careerand personal safety in 1956 when he proclaimed that“segregation is morally wrong.” His lone dissenting votein the Florida House of Representatives challengedmeasures to perpetuate school segregation in his state.To read the winning essay and access information on theProfile in Courage Essay Contest, visit www.jfklibrary.organd follow the links Education—Profile in CourageEssay Contest. HOn April 22, 2011 sixty students and staff members fromNew England enrichment programs attended the annualStudent Leadership Conference at the John F. KennedyPresidential Library and Museum. Students toured theMuseum, listened to a panel of peers discuss youthvolunteerism, and participated in several workshopswhere they solved a budget crisis, wrote letters to U.S.senators, and built model communities. H
Digital Archives, continuedStep Two – Destination: Department of StateOn the left side of the page you will see that you haveselected the President’s Office Files among the DigitalArchives and find options for refining your search. Sincethe U.S. response to the Berlin Wall would be an issue ofgreat importance to the State Department, you might wantto narrow down your search to JFK’s correspondence withthat department.1. Scroll down to “Organization,” expand the selection byclicking “more.”2. Scroll down to “United States Department of State,09/1789.” Click on it.Step Three – Destination: BerlinNow you will want to narrow down the correspondenceto those dealing with Berlin.1. Scroll down the page until you see “Place,” and expandthe selection to find “Berlin (Germany).”2. When you click on it, you’ll see one folder “pulled”from this search: “State, 1961: August-September.”As you scroll through the documents in this folder, youwill notice that they have been digitized in the same orderas they are found in the actual folder in the paper collection. You can have the same “aha” moment you may havehad yourself when visiting an archive—in the process ofbrowsing through a folder, you stumble upon a gem whilelooking for something completely different. Yes, the memonoted above is there, but are you also curious aboutKennedy’s thoughts on England joining the CommonMarket? You have the folder—dig in! HUPCOMING KENNEDY LIBRARY FORUMSSeptemberProtectingJacqueline KennedyMonday, September 125:30 to 7:00 p.m.Jacqueline Kennedy:Historic ConversationsMonday, September 195:30 to 7:00 p.m.Clinton Hill, Jacqueline Kennedy’sSecret Service detail, sharesmemories of the Kennedy WhiteHouse and his service protectingthe first family. HOn the publication of JacquelineKennedy: Historic Conversations onLife with John F. Kennedy, CarolineKennedy will join a panel of historians to discuss the 1964 interviewsArthur Schlesinger Jr. conductedwith Mrs. Kennedy. This oral historyhas never before been open tothe public. H 50th Anniversary: TheMissile Gap ControversyMonday, September 265:30 to 7:00 p.m.50 years ago this month, PresidentKennedy received national securityestimat
shortly after his death. Sealed for 47 years, the oral history transcripts and tapes will be published in a new book, Jacqueline Kennedy—Historic Conversations on Life with John F. Kennedy with a foreword by Caroline Kennedy and annotations by historian Michael Beschloss.
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