A Corpus Based Quantitative Survey Of The Persian And .
A Corpus Based Quantitative Survey ofthe Persian and Arabic Elements in theBasic Vocabulary of Urdu LanguageMaría Isabel Maldonado GarcíaAbstractThis article is one of a series of articles in regards to thedensity of the etymological elements which compose Urdulanguage. In this particular article the exact density of Persian andArabic elements will be obtained. Urdu is an Indo-Europeanlanguage which derived from Sanskrit into the Prakrit languagesand at a later stage was influenced by Persian and Arabiclanguages, due to both, cultural and religious’ influences. Hindiand Urdu were, in fact, the same language which separated due tothe split of the script (digraphia). The Muslims started using aPersian script called Nastaliq, while the Hindus kept on using theDevanagari script. After the split of the language Urdu receivednumerous loans and grammar structures from Persian and Arabic.The research is noteworthy since it is almost certainly the firstcorpus-based survey of the use of Persian and Arabic derivedterms in Urdu language. The research is conducted utilizing onethousand words of the basic vocabulary of Urdu as the corpus andanalyzing them from an etymological point of view. It isconducted through a quantitative, descriptive and analytical
64Pakistan Vision Vol. 16 No. 1methodology, which will reveal the precise percentage of Persianand Arabic vocabulary present in Urdu language.Historical ContextThe history of Urdu language is without any doubt verypeculiar and different from that of other languages. Many sociocultural issues can change the demographics of a language as wellas its inherent characteristics. The large majority of linguists agreethat Urdu language derived from Sanskrit1 into the languagesknown as the Prakrits. One of those languages was Khari Boli, alanguage spoken in the north of India from where Hindvi andconsequently, Urdu and Hindi languages derived. 2In this sense, Urdu and Hindi have suffered a process ofevolution as well as reforms until its modern and present state.3The reforms of Urdu language include but are not limited, in achronological order, to extensive lexical and grammar borrowingfrom Persian language during the pre-Islamic period, extensiveborrowing from Arabic with the advent of Islam from 712 A.D.,at the same time that the Persian influence continued. These weremainly due to politico-religious reasons which initiated the split ofUrdu and Hindi, although literary movements generated anenormous modifying influence. Other types of influence were ofan artificial nature (not due to a natural evolutionary progressionof the language), for example those which occurred during thetime of the Mughals4 when the purging of the Sanskrit elementsfrom the language occurred, substituting them with elementsfrom Persian and Arabic, the Iranian imagery and metaphorsreplaced the Indian, and words of local dialects were also replacedwith Persian and Arabic elements.5Extensive types of reforms took place during the pre-Muslimperiod, the Muslim rule, the British period, the pre-partitionperiod as well as the post partition period. All of them seem to beequally important if considered through the light of linguisticdevelopment and an evolutionary point of view. Nevertheless, theevent which really marked the difference between Urdu and Hindilanguages was the split of the script.
A Corpus Based Quantitative Survey of the Persian and Arabic Elements65The ScriptUrdu and Hindi languages were in fact one and the same. Thedifference between them has its origin in socio-linguistics andcultural factors related to a digraphia phenomenon by which Urdulanguage is written using the Nastaliq script and Hindi language iswritten using Devanagari script. King bifurcates the languages onthe basis of the script:Digraphia is regularly an outer and visible sign ofethnic or religious hatred. Script tolerance, alas, is nomore common than tolerance itself. In this too HindiUrdu is lamentably all too typical. People have died inIndia for the Devanagari script of Hindi or the PersoArabic script of Urdu. It is rare, except for scholars, forHindi speakers to learn to read Urdu script or for Urduspeakers to learn to read Devanagari.6This extreme case of digraphia is significant in the case ofUrdu for several reasons. In India two scripts were mainlyutilized, the Kharoshthi script, possibly derived from Aramaic, 7although most of the scripts utilized in India seem have derivedfrom the Brahmi script.8 During the Persian rule, Kharoshti wasmainly utilized.At the present time Hindi utilizes the Devanagari script (fromBrahmi), written from left to right, connecting words and lettersby an overhead horizontal line. However, Urdu employs theNastaliq script which was created approximately around the1400’s9 utilizing the Nashk (or Nashki) of Arabic and the outdatedPersian tal’iq. Its conceiver seems to have been the renownedcalligrapher Mir Ali Tabrizi10 (1360-1420). This seems to be theturning point for the appearance of the two languages as individualentities. Nevertheless, the language had received extensiveinfluence from Persian and Arabic languages even before that.The visual differences between the scripts that are nowadaysutilized for both languages are noteworthy. They can be observedunderneath:
66Pakistan Vision Vol. 16 No. 1Devanagari script:Nastaliq script:एक छोट सी मेज اﯾﮏ ﭼﮭﻮﭨﯽ ﺳﯽ ﻣﯿﺰ In this sense, it is important to note that an Arabic script doesnot suit Urdu or any Indo-European language, since Arabic is aSemitic languge which does not need vowels to be read and IndoEuropean languages are highly dependent on a vowel system.Nevertheless, in the past, cases have been observed where alanguage would utilize a script which belongs to a language of adifferent family altogether, such is the case of Turkish language,11which, due to a political language reform by the ruler of the timeAtaturk, utilizes a Latin script effectively, although it does notbelong to the Indo-European family of languages. After the split ofthe script Urdu continued receiving loanwords from Arabic,Persian and to a minor extent Punjabi and Turkish, while Hindi,continued borrowing important terminology from Sanskritlanguage.India’s linguistic history spans more than three thousandyears. Historically, Sanskrit had developed into the Prakritlanguages such as Marathi, Gujarati, Oriya, Bengali and KhariBoli, a branch of Western Hindi and Hindvi from which Urdu aswell as Hindi had developed.12 Prakrit was later replaced by someof the dialects as early as the 11th century.13It is a popular belief, supported by some scholars andphilologists that Urdu is a mixture of languages such as Persian,Arabic and Turkish. It must be clarified that languages are aliveand in continuous development. In this sense, as stated beforeSanskrit developed into the Prakrits, which in turn developed intoother dialects resulting in Urdu and Hindi. It was not a suddenand unnatural mixture of languages which came into being due tothe presence in the area of the Persian, Turks and Arabs. Rather,the existing language received external linguistic influences due tothe socio-cultural events occurring in the area at a particular pointin time.
A Corpus Based Quantitative Survey of the Persian and Arabic Elements67Influence From Arabic and Persian in Urdu LanguageUrdu (and Hindi) as well as Persian are Indo-EuropeanLanguage as the following figure depicts:Figure 1The genetic relationship between Urdu and Persian languagesSource: Comparación del Léxico Básico del Español, el Inglés y el Urdu.14In this sense they are related by a genetic linguistic link andbelong to the same family of languages and different branches.Persian is an Indo-European language from the Iranian family oflanguages. It derives from Proto-Iranian language and it hasundergone three stages or main periods, also called Old Persian,Middle Persian and New or Modern Persian. At every stage itutilized a different script. During the Old Persian period fromcirca 525-300 B.C. the script was a cuneiform script. In theMiddle Persian period circa 300 B.C. -800 A.D. three scriptswere utilized, they were the Pahlavi, Manichaean and the Avestan
68Pakistan Vision Vol. 16 No. 1script. During the Modern Persian period from 800 A.D. onwardsPersian language utilized a Perso-Arabic script. Old Persian andAvestan are the oldest of the Iranian languages. Old Persian wasthe language of the people of the Achaemenid period.15 Thelanguage seems to have arrived to the Subcontinent with theSassanian Aryan invasion, being the first of the Sassanids, ArdashirI (circa 230-250) the grandson of Sasan. The Sasanian period (circa240-621) utilized Middle Persian language or Pahlavi. Persiandynasties kept their rule on certain areas of India, century aftercentury which propagated the use of Persian language during thepre-Islamic period. In fact, the Persian culture has had a profoundcultural impact on the Subcontinent16 and it seems to have beenthe language of the court.17 During this time Persian language kepton influencing the ancestors of Urdu language. Learning centerswere established like the Nestorian learning center of Jundhishpurwherein translations of the Greek archaic works as well as worksof other nations including Indian were being translated.18 By the6th century and under Khosro I (circa 531-579) medical bookswere collected from India and translated from Sanskrit to Pahlavi,as well as the translations of other works of science were takingplace from Greek into Persian.19Arabic language in India was in fact, purely a foreign influencesince it is not an Indo-European language and as such, not relatedto Urdu, neither Persian. Its Semitic nature was absolutelyextraneous to Urdu. The following figure illustrates the AfroAsiatic family of languages to which Semitic languages belong:
A Corpus Based Quantitative Survey of the Persian and Arabic Elements69Figure 2Afro-Asiatic Family of LanguagesSource: Information for the figure taken from Ethnologue and The World Atlasof Language Structures20The beginning of the Arabic influence in Urdu language isvery clear as it was marked by the arrival of the Muslims in theSubcontinent in 712 A.D. Arab traders had started their travels toIndia during this time which in turn produced Turko-Afghansinvasions by the 10th century and by the 13th century the north ofIndia almost in its majority was under Muslim rule. 21Tariq Rahman calls the process of Arabization of Urdulanguage “Muslimization of Urdu.”22 The expression actually fitsthe situation of the time to perfection as Iran had already becomea Muslim state and Islam had been spreading in India. Importantreformers of the time were Amir Khan (Mughal King MuhammadShah’s minister), Amir Khusrau (1253-1325), Sirajuddin AliKhan Arzu (1687-1756), Jān-e Janāñ (1701–1780), Mīr Dard,MirzāMuḥammad Rafīʿ Sauda (1706–1781), Insha Ullah KhanInsha (1752/6-1817/8). In any case, an important factor in thenew orientation towards Persian and Arabic was the Muslimreality itself which obliged to utilize terms not present in the
70Pakistan Vision Vol. 16 No. 1language, thus facilitating the borrowing in this sense, especiallyfrom Arabic.However, measuring the individual exact impact of Persianand Arabic is a grueling enterprise and perhaps an impossible task.Nonetheless, Persian language seemingly has influenced Urdulonger and more intensely. This is due mainly to the fact thatPersian language exercised a longer period of influence since ithad a presential advantage over Arabic in India of approximatelyfive hundred years; circa 240 to 1834/1837 when the Britishgovernment discontinued the use of Persian language23 and Urdusubstituted it (with all the Persian influence already immersed inthe language which provided an environment of continuity). Alsodue to the fact that Persian had been the language of theadministration, courts and imperial rule, in fact, a languageutilized for the purpose of communication and literature, not justof Islamic reality. Furthermore, Urdu maintained some of thegrammar structures, lexicon as well as the script of Persian. Onthe other hand, Arabic is the language of the religious scriptures ofMuslims Muslims on both sides of the border learn to read it fromchildhood. It was the source of extensive lexicon borrowingdirected towards favoring an Islamic environment and creating anidentity of the Muslims in India and Pakistan.Measuring the Persian and Arabic Lexical Density in theBasic Vocabulary of Urdu LanguageThe objective of this paper is in fact, to measure the lexicaldensity still remaining in the basic vocabulary of Urdu languagewhich belongs to the Persian and Arab legacy. For this purposethe Persian and Arabic elements in the basic vocabulary of Urdulanguage will be identified, as well as measured. Then the basicvocabulary of Urdu language will be analized from anetymological point of view, in this way revealing the exactpercentage of Persian and Arabic vocabulary present in Urdu’sbasic vocabulary.Thus the basic vocabulary of Urdu Language is as follows:
71 A Corpus Based Quantitative Survey of the Persian and Arabic Elements , ﺻﺤﯿﺢ , ﺳﺮﮔﺮﻣﯽ , ﺳﺮﮔﺮم , ﻋﻤﻞ , ﭘﺎر , ﺧﺘﻢ , اوﭘﺮ , ﺑﺎرےﻣﯿﮟ , اﯾﮏ اﮐﯿﻠﮯ , ﺗﻤﺎم , ﮨﻮا , ﭘﮩﻠﮯ , ﻋﻤﺮ , ﭘﮭﺮ , ﺑﻌﺪ , ڈر , ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ , ﺷﺎﻣﻞ , اﭘﻨﺎﻧﺎ , ﺟﻮاب , دوﺳﺮے , ﻏﺼہ , اﯾﮏ , ﺷﻤﺎر , ﮨﻮں , ﮨﻤﯿﺸہ , ﭘﮩﻠﮯﮨﯽ , ﺳﺎﺗﮫ , , ﻣﻨﻈﻮر , ﺳﯿﺐ , ﻇﺎﮨﺮ , ﮐﺴﯿﺒﮭﯿﻮﻗﺖ , ﮐﭽﮭﺒﮭﯽ , ﮐﺴﯽ , ﮐﻮﺋﯽ , ﭼﯿﻮﻧﭩﯽ , ﻣﯿﮟ , ﭘﻮﭼﮭﻨﺎ , ﺟﯿﺴﺎ , آرٹ , ﭘﮩﻨﭻ , ﮔﺮد , ﻓﻮج , ﺑﺎزو , ﻋِﻼﻗَہ , ﮨﯿﮟ ﺑﯿﻨﮏ , ﮔﯿﻨﺪ , ﺑﺴﺘہ , ﺑﺮا , ﮐﻤﺮ , ﺑﻨﯿﺎد , ﺑﮯﺑﯽ , دور , ﺧﺰاں , ﺧﺎﻟہ , ﺣﻤﻠہ , ﺑﺴﺘﺮ , ﺷﺮاب , ﺧﻮﺑﺼﻮرت , ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ , داﻧہ , ﮨﻮﻧﺎ , ﻏﺴﻞ , ﭨﻮﮐﺮی , , ﺑﮩﺘﺮﯾﻦ , ﻋﻼوﮦ , ﻧﯿﭽﮯ , ﮔﮭﻨﭩﯽ , ﺷﺮوع , ﭘﮩﻠﮯ , ﺑﺮﺗﺎؤ , ﺳﻮﻧﮯﮐﺎﮐﻤﺮا , ﺳﯿﺎﮦ , ﮐﺎٹ , ﺗﮭﻮڑا , ﺳﺎﻟﮕﺮﮦ , ﭘﯿﺪاﺋﺶ , ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮦ , ﺑﮍا , درﻣﯿﺎن , ﺑﮩﺘﺮ , ﮨﮉی , اﺑﺎل , ﺟﺴﻢ , ﮐﺸﺘﯽ , ﺑﻮرڈ , ﻧﯿﻼ , ﭘﮭﻮﻧﮑﻨﺎ , ﺧﻮن , ﺑﻼک , ﺧﻮﻧﺒﮩﻨﺎ , ﻟﮍﮐﺎ , ڈﺑہ , ﮐﭩﻮرا , ﻧﭽﻼ , ﺑﻮﺗﻞ , دوﻧﻮں , ﻗﺮض , ﭘﯿﺪا , ﺳﺮﺣﺪ , ﮐﺘﺎب , ﺑﮭﺎﺋﯽ , ﻻﻧﺎ , روﺷﻦ , ﭘﻞ , ﺳﺎﻧﺲ , ﻧﺎﺷﺘہ , ﭨﻮﭨﻨﺎ , روﭨﯽ , ﺑﮩﺎدر , ﺷﺎخ , ﺧﺮﯾﺪﻧﺎ , ﻟﯿﮑﻦ , ﻣﺼﺮوف , ﺑﺲ , ﮐﺎروﺑﺎر , ﺟﻼ , ﺗﻌﻤﯿﺮ , ﺑﺮش , ﺑﮭﻮرا , اﺣﺘﯿﺎط , دﯾﮑﮭﺒﮭﺎل , ﮐﺎر , ﭨﻮﭘﯽ , ﻣﻮﻣﺒﺘﯽ , ﮐﺮﺳﮑﺘﺎ , ﺑﻼﻧﺎ , ﮐﯿﮏ , ﻧﮯ , ﮐﺮﺳﯽ , ﺑﻌﺾ , ﺻﺪی , ﻣﺮﮐﺰی , ﺑﻠﯽ , ﮐﯿﺲ , اﭨﮭﺎﻧﺎ , ﮔﺎﺟﺮ , ﻻﭘﺮوا , اﻧﺘﺨﺎب , ﭼﺎﮐﻠﯿﭧ , ﺑﭽہ , ﭼﮑﻦ , ﭘﻨﯿﺮ , ﺳﺴﺘﺎ , ﭘﯿﭽﮭﺎ , ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ , ﻣﻮﻗﻊ , ﭼﮍھﻨﺎ , واﺿﺢ , ﺻﺎف , ﭼﺎﻻک , ﺟﻤﺎﻋﺖ , ﺷﮩﺮ , داﺋﺮﮦ , اﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﮑﺮﻧﺎ , ﺳﺮدی , ﺳﮑہ , ﮐﻮٹ , ﮐﺎﻓﯽ , ﺑﻨﺪ , اﺑﺮآﻟﻮد , ﺑﺎدل , ﮐﭙﮍوں , ﮐﭙﮍا , ﮔﮭﮍی , ﮐﻤﭙﯿﻮﭨﺮ , ﻣﮑﻤﻞ , آﻧﺎ , ﻣﻮازﻧہ , ﻋﺎم , آراﻣﺪﮦ , ﮐﻨﮕﮭﯽ , رﻧﮓ , ﺟﻤﻊ , ﻻﮔﺖ , درﺳﺖ , ﮐﻮﻧﺎ , ﻣﮑﺊ , ﺗﺎﻧﺒہ , ﭨﮭﻨﮉا , ﭘﮑﺎﻧﺎ , ﮐﻨﭩﺮول , ﺟﺎری , ﺷﺮط , اﻟﻤﺎری , ﮐﭗ , روﻧﺎ , ﭘﺎر , ﺗﺒﺎﮨﯽ , ڈھﺎﻧﮑﻨﺎ , راﺳﺘہ , ﻣﻠﮏ , ﺷﻤﺎر , ﺷﺎﻣﻞ , ﮔﮩﺮا , ﮐﻢ , ﻓﯿﺼﻠہ , ﻣﺮدﮦ , دن , ﺑﯿﭩﯽ , اﻧﺪھﯿﺮا , ﺧﻄﺮﻧﺎک , رﻗﺺ , ﮐﺎﭨﻨﺎ , ﺳﻤﺖ , ڈﻧﺮ , ﻣﺸﮑﻞ , ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ , ﻣﺮﻧﺎ , ﺗﺮﻗﯽ , ﺗﺒﺎﮦ , ڈﯾﺴﮏ , اﻧﺤﺼﺎر , ﮨﺮن , ﮐﮭﯿﻨﭽﻨﺎ , ﻧﯿﭽﮯ , دﮔﻨﺎ , ﻧﻘﻄہ , دروازﮦ , ﮐﺘﺎ , ﮐﺮﻧﺎ , ڈش , درﯾﺎﻓﺖ , ﻣﯿﻼ ﮐﺎن , ﮨﺮ , ﻓﺮض , ﻣﭩﯽ , ﺑﻄﺦ , ﺧﺸﮏ , ﻗﻄﺮﮦ , ﭼﻼﻧﺎ , ﭘﯿﻨﺎ , ﮐﭙﮍے , ﺧﻮاب , آﭨﮫ , اﻧﮉﮦ , اﺛﺮ , ﺗﻌﻠﯿﻢ , ﮐﮭﺎﻧﺎ , آﺳﺎن , ﻣﺸﺮق , زﻣﯿﻦ , ﮐﻤﺎﻧﺎ , اﺑﺘﺪاﺋﯽ , , ﺑﮩﺖ , ﻟﻄﻔﺎﻧﺪوز , دﺷﻤﻦ , آﺧﺮ , ﺧﺎﻟﯽ , اور , ﮨﺎﺗﮭﯽ , ﺑﺠﻠﯽ , ﮐﻮﺋﯿﺒﮭﯽ ﻗﻄﻌﯽ , ﺳﺐ , ﮨﺮ , ﮨﻤﯿﺸہ , واﻗﻌہ , ﺷﺎم , ﺑﮭﯽ , ﻓﺮار , داﺧﻠہ , ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ , داﺧﻠﮩﻮﻧﺎ , ﻣﮩﻨﮕﯽ , ﺗﻮﻗﻊ , ورزش , ﭘﺮﺟﻮش , ﺳﻮاﺋﮯ , ﻣﺜﺎل , اﻣﺘﺤﺎن , ﺳﺐ , ﻣﺸﮩﻮر , ﺧﺎﻧﺪان , ﮔﺮﻧﺎ , ﺟﻌﻠﯽ , ﻧﺎﮐﺎم , ﺣﻘﯿﻘﺖ , ﭼﮩﺮﮦ , آﻧﮑﮫ , اﻧﺘﮩﺎﺋﯽ , وﺿﺎﺣﺖ , ﻣﺆﻧﺚ , ﻣﺤﺴﻮس , ﮐﮭﻼﻧﺎ , ﺧﻮف , ﻏﻠﻄﯽ , ﺗﯿﺰ , واﻟﺪ , ﭼﺮﺑﯽ , ﻓﺎرم , دور , , ﭘﮩﻠﮯ , آگ , ﺧﺘﻢ , اﻧﮕﻠﯽ , ﭨﮭﯿﮏ , ﺗﻼش , ﻓﻠﻢ , ﺑﮭﺮﻧﮯ , ﻟﮍﻧﮯ , ﭼﻨﺪ , ﺑﺨﺎر ﭘﺮواز , ﭘﮭﻮل , آﭨﺎ , ﻓﺮش , ﺗﯿﺮﻧﺎ , ﮨﻤﻮار , ﭘﺮﭼﻢ , ﭨﮭﯿﮑﮑﺮﻧﺎ , ﭘﺎﻧﭻ , ﻣﻮزوں
Pakistan Vision Vol. 16 No. 1 72 , ﻏﯿﺮﻣﻠﮑﯽ , ﻣﺠﺒﻮر , ﮐﮯﻟﺌﮯ , ﻓﭩﺒﺎل , ﭘﺎؤں , ﺑﯿﻮﻗﻮف , ﮐﮭﺎﻧﺎ , ﺗﮩﮑﺮﻧﺎ , , ﻣﻨﺠﻤﺪ , آزادی , ﻣﻔﺖ , ﭼﺎر , ﻟﻮﻣﮍی , ﻓﺎرم , ﮐﺎﻧﭩﺎ , ﻣﻌﺎف , ﺑﮭﻮل , ﺟﻨﮕﻞ ﻣﻀﺤﮑﮩﺨﯿﺰ , ﻣﺰﮦ , ﺑﮭﺮاﮨﻮا , ﭘﮭﻞ , ﺳﺎﻣﻨﮯ , ﺳﮯ , دوﺳﺘﺎﻧہ , دوﺳﺖ , ﺗﺎزﮦ , ﺣﺎﺻﻞ , ﺷﺮﯾﻔﺂدﻣﯽ , ﻋﺎم , دروازﮦ , ﺑﺎغ , ﮐﮭﯿﻞ , ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ , ﻣﺰﯾﺪ , ﻓﺮﻧﯿﭽﺮ , دادی , دادا , اﻟﻮداع , اﭼﮭﺎ , ﺧﺪا , ﺑﮑﺮی , ﺟﺎﻧﺎ , ﺷﯿﺸہ , ﺧﻮش , دﯾﻨﺎ , ﺗﺤﻔہ , ﺑﺎل , ﺑﻨﺪوق , ﺑﮍھﻨﺎ , ﮔﺮوپ , زﻣﯿﻦ , ﺳﺮﻣﺊ , ﺳﺒﺰ , ﻋﻈﯿﻢ , ﻗﺒﺮ , ﮔﮭﺎس , , رﮐﮭﻨﺎ , ﻧﻔﺮت , ﭨﻮﭘﯽ , ﻣﺸﮑﻞ , ﺧﻮش , ﮨﻮﻧﺎ , ﮨﺎﺗﮫ , ﮨﺘﮭﻮڑا , ﮨﺎل , ﻧﺼﻒ , ﻣﺪد , آداب , اوﻧﭽﺎئ , ﺟﻨﺖ , ﺑﮭﺎری , دل , ﺳﻦ , ﺻﺤﺘﻤﻨﺪ , ﺳﺮ , اس , اﻧﮑﯽ , اس , ﭘﮩﺎڑ , اوﻧﭽﺎ , ﭼﮭﭙﺎﻧﺎ , اﺳﮑﺎ , ﯾﮩﺎں , اس , ﻣﺮﻏﯽ , ﻣﺪدﮔﺎر ﮨﻮﭨﻞ , ﮔﺮم , ﮨﺴﭙﺘﺎل , ﮔﮭﻮڑا , اﻣﯿﺪ , ﮔﮭﺮ , ﭼﮭﭩﯽ , ﭼﮭﯿﺪ , ﭘﮑﮍﻧﺎ , ﺷﻮق , ﻣﺎرا , ﺑﺮف , ﻣﯿﮟ , ﺗﮑﻠﯿﻒ , ﺷﻮﮨﺮ , ﺟﻠﺪی , ﮔﮭﻨﭩہ , ﺑﮭﻮﮐﺎ , ﺳﻮ , ﮐﯿﺴﮯ , ﻣﮑﺎن , , ﻣﺪﻋﻮ , ﻟﻮﮨﺎ , اﯾﺠﺎد , ﻣﺘﻌﺎرف , ﻣﯿﮟ , اﻧﺪر , اﺿﺎﻓہ , ﻣﯿﮟ , اﮨﻢ , اﮔﺮ , ﺧﯿﺎل , ﺻﺮف , ﭼﮭﻼﻧﮓ , رس , ﺷﺎﻣﻞ , ﻧﻮﮐﺮی , ﺟﯿﻠﯽ , اس , ﯾہ , ﺟﺰﯾﺮﮦ , ﮨﮯ , دﺳﺘﮏ , ﭼﺎﻗﻮ , ﮔﮭﭩﻨﮯ , ﺑﺎورﭼﯿﺨﺎﻧہ , ﺑﺎدﺷﺎﮦ , ﻗﺴﻢ , ﻗﺘﻞ , اﮨﻢ , رﮐﮭﻨﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ , ﺣﺎﻟﻤﯿﮟ , دﯾﺮ , آﺧﺮی , ﺑﮍا , زﻣﯿﻦ , ﭼﺮاغ , ﺧﺎﺗﻮن , ﺳﯿﮍھﯽ , ﻣﻌﻠﻮم , ﻟﻤﺒﺎﺋﯽ , ﻗﺮض , ﺑﺎﺋﯿﮟ , ﭨﺎﻧﮓ , ﭼﮭﻮڑدﯾﻨﺎ , ﺳﯿﮑﮭﻨﺎ , ﭘﺘﯽ , ﻗﯿﺎدت , ﺳﺴﺖ , , ﺟﯿﺴﮯ , روﺷﻨﯽ , زﻧﺪﮔﯽ , ﺟﮭﻮٹ , ﻻﺋﺒﺮﯾﺮی , ﺧﻂ , اﺟﺎزت , ﺳﺒﻖ , ﮐﻢ , ﮐﮭﻮ , ﻧﻈﺮ , ﻃﻮﯾﻞ , ﺗﻨﮩﺎ , ﺗﺎﻻ , رﮨﻨﺎ , ﺗﮭﻮڑا , ﺳﻨﻨﺎ , ﻓﮩﺮﺳﺖ , ﮨﻮﻧﭧ , ﺷﯿﺮ , آدﻣﯽ , ﻧﺮ , ﺑﻨﺎﻧﺎ , اﮨﻢ , ﻣﺸﯿﻦ , ﻗﺴﻤﺖ , ﻧﯿﭽﮯﮐﺮﻧﺎ , ﮐﻢ , ﻣﺤﺒﺖ , ﺑﮩﺖ , ﻣﻄﻠﺐ , ﮐﮭﺎﻧﺎ , ﻣﯿﮟ , ﺷﺎﯾﺪ , ﺑﺎت , ﺷﺎدی , ﻣﺎرﮐﯿﭧ , ﻧﺸﺎن , ﻧﻘﺸہ , ﺑﮩﺖ ﻣﻠﯿﻦ , دودھ , درﻣﯿﺎن , ﻃﺮﯾﻘہ , ذﮐﺮ , رﮐﻦ , ﻣﻼﻗﺎت , دوا , ﮔﻮﺷﺖ , ﭘﯿﻤﺎﺋﺶ ﻣﺎﮦ , ﺑﻨﺪر , ﭘﯿﺴﮯ , ﻟﻤﺤہ , ﺟﺪﯾﺪ , ﻣﺎڈل , ﻣﻼﻧﺎ , ﻏﻠﻄﯽ , ﮐﮭﻮﻧﺎ , ﻣﻨﭧ , ذﮨﻦ , , ﻣﻮﺳﯿﻘﯽ , ﺑﮩﺖ , ﺣﺮﮐﺖ , ﻣﻨہ , ﭘﮩﺎڑ , ﻣﺎں , زﯾﺎدﮦ , ﺻﺒﺢ , ﻣﺰﯾﺪ , ﭼﺎﻧﺪ , , ﮔﺮدن , ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺒﺎ , ﻗﺮﯾﺐ , ﻧﻮﻋﯿﺖ , ﻗﻮم , ﺗﻨﮓ , ﻧﺎم , ﻣﯿﺮے , ﺿﺮوری اﮔﻼ , اﺧﺒﺎر , ﺧﺒﺮ , ﻧﺌﮯ , ﮐﺒﮭﯿﻨﮩﯿﮟ , ﺟﺎل , ﻧﮩﯿہ , ﭘﮍوﺳﯽ , ﺳﻮئ , ﺿﺮورت , ﻧﺎک , ﺷﻤﺎل , ﻧﮩﮩﯽ , ﮐﻮﺋﯿﻨﮩﯿﮟ , ﺷﻮر , ﻋﻈﯿﻢ , ﻧﮩﯿﮟ , ﻧﻮ , رات , اﭼﮭﺎ , , ﮐﺎ , ﺑﺤﺮ , اﻋﺘﺮاض , اﻃﺎﻋﺖ , ﺗﻌﺪاد , اب , اﻃﻼع , ﮐﭽﮭﺒﮭﯿﻨﮩﯿﮟ , ﻧﮩﯿﮟ , ﻣﺨﺎﻟﻒ , ﮐﮭﻮل , ﺻﺮف , اﯾﮏ , ﭘﺮ , ﭘﺮاﻧﮯ , ﺗﯿﻞ , اﮐﺜﺮ , دﻓﺘﺮ , ﭘﯿﺸﮑﺶ , درد , ﺻﻔﺤہ , اﭘﻨﮯ , اوﭘﺮ , ﺑﺎﮨﺮ , ﮨﻤﺎرے , دﯾﮕﺮ , ﺣﮑﻢ , ﻧﺎرﻧﺠﯽ , ﯾﺎ ﮔﺰرﻧﺎ , ﭘﺎرﭨﯽ , ﺳﺎﺗﮭﯽ , ﺣﺼہ , ﭘﺎرک , واﻟﺪﯾﻦ , ﮐﺎﻏﺬ , ﭘﯿﻦ , ﺟﻮڑی , ﭘﯿﻨﭧ , ﮐﺎﻣﻞ , ﻓﯽ , ﻣﺮچ , ﻟﻮگ , ﭘﻨﺴﻞ , ﻗﻠﻢ , اﻣﻦ , ادا , راﺳﺘہ , ﺗﮭﭙﮑﯽ , ﮔﺰﺷﺘہ , , ﺳﻮر , ﭨﮑﮍا , ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ , ﭼﻨﻨﺎ , ﭘﯿﺎﻧﻮ , ﻓﻮﭨﻮﮔﺮاف , ﭘﭩﺮول , ﺷﺨﺺ , ﻣﺪت , ﺧﻮش , ﭘﻠﯿﺰ , ﮐﮭﯿﻠﻨﺎ , ﭘﻠﯿﭧ , ﭘﻼﺳﭩﮏ , ﭘﻮدا , ﻃﯿﺎرﮦ , ﺟﮕہ , ﮔﻼﺑﯽ , ﭘﻦ
73 A Corpus Based Quantitative Survey of the Persian and Arabic Elements , ﻣﻘﺎم , ﻣﻘﺒﻮل , ﻏﺮﯾﺐ , ﭘﻮل , ﺷﺎﺋﺴﺘہ , ﭘﻮﻟﯿﺲ , زﮨﺮ , ﻧﻘﻄہ , ﺟﯿﺐ , ﺑﮩﺖ , ﻗﯿﻤﺖ , روﮐﺘﮭﺎم , ﺧﻮﺑﺼﻮرت , ﭘﺮﯾﺲ , ﭘﯿﺶ , ﻃﺎﻗﺖ , ڈاﻟﻨﺎ , آﻟﻮ , ﻣﻤﮑﻦ , ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ , ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ , وﻋﺪﮦ , ﭘﯿﺪا , ﻣﺴﺌﻠہ , ﺷﺎﯾﺪ , اﻧﻌﺎم , ذاﺗﯽ , ﺟﯿﻞ , ﺷﮩﺰادﮦ ﻓﻮری , ﺳﻮال , ﻣﻠﮑہ , ڈال , دھﮑﺎ , ﻃﺎﻟﺒﻌﻠﻢ , ﺳﺰا , ﮐﮭﯿﻨﭽﻨﺎ , ﻋﻮاﻣﯽ , ﻓﺮاﮨﻢ ﺗﯿﺎر , ﭘﮍھﻨﺎ , ﭘﮩﻨﭽﻨﺎ , ﺑﮍھﺎﻧﮯ , ﺑﺮﺳﺎت , ﺑﺎرش , رﯾﮉﯾﻮ , ﻗﻄﻌﯽ , ﺧﺎﻣﻮش , , ﻣﺮﻣﺖ , ﮐﺮاﯾہ , ﮨﭩﺎﻧﺎ , ﯾﺎد , ﻻل , رﯾﮑﺎرڈ , وﺻﻮل , واﻗﻌﯽ , اﺻﻠﯽ , , اﻣﯿﺮ , ﭼﺎول , واﭘﺲ , ﻧﺘﯿﺠہ , رﯾﺴﺘﻮران , آرام , رﭘﻮرٹ , ﺟﻮاب , دﮨﺮاﻧﺎ , ﺑﺪﺗﻤﯿﺰ , رﺑﺮ , ﮔﻮل , ﮐﻤﺮﮦ , ﭘﺘﮭﺮ , ﻟﻮٹ , ﺳﮍک , ﺑﺠﻨﺎ , راﺋِﭧ , ﺳﻮاری اﺳﯽ , ﻧﻤﮑﯿﻦ , ﻧﻤﮏ , ﻣﺤﻔﻮظ , اداس , ﺟﻠﺪی , ﺑﮭﺎﮔﻨﺎ , ﺣﮑﻤﺮان , ﺣﮑﻤﺮاﻧﯽ , دﯾﮑﮭﻨﺎ , دوﺳﺮی , ﺳﯿﭧ , ﺗﻼش , ﺳﺎﺋﻨﺲ , اﺳﮑﻮل , ﮐﮩﻨﺎ , ﺑﭽﺎﻧﺎ , رﯾﺖ , , ﺳﺎﯾہ , رﻧﮓ , ﺟﻨﺲ , ﮐﺌﯽ , ﺳﺎت , ﺧﺪﻣﺖ , ﺳﺰا , ﺑﮭﯿﺠﻨﺎ , ﻓﺮوﺧﺖ , ﻟﮕﺘﺎ ﺟﮩﺎز , ﭼﻤﮏ , ﺷﯿﻠﻒ , ﭼﺎدر , ﺑﮭﯿﮍ , ﺻﺮف , وﮦ , ﺗﯿﺰ , ﺣﺼہ , ﺷﮑﻞ , ﮨﻼ , ﺑﯿﻤﺎر , ﻇﺎﮨﺮ , ﭼﯿﺨﻨﺎ , ﮐﻨﺪھﺎ , ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺮ , دﮐﺎن , ﺷﻮٹ , ﺟﻮﺗﺎ , ﻗﻤﯿﺾ , , اﯾﮏ , ﺳﺎدﮦ , ﻣﻠﺘﮯﺟﻠﺘﮯ , ﭼﺎﻧﺪی , ﺣﻤﺎﻗﺖ , ﺧﺎﻣﻮﺷﯽ , اﺷﺎرﮦ , ﮐﻨﺎرﮦ , ﺳﮑﺮٹ , ﺟﻠﺪ , ﻣﮩﺎرت , ﺳﺎﺋﺰ , ﭼﮫ , ﺑﯿﭩﮭﺎ , ﺑﮩﻦ , ڈوﺑﻨﺎ , ﮔﺎﻧﺎ , ﺑﻌﺪﺳﮯ ﺗﻤﺒﺎﮐﻮﻧﻮﺷﯽ , دھﻮاں , ﻣﺴﮑﺮاﻧﺎ , ﺑﻮ , ﭼﮭﻮﭨﺎ , ﺳﺴﺖ , ﭘﮭﺴﻠﻨﺎ , ﺳﻮﻧﺎ , آﺳﻤﺎن , ﺑﯿﭩﺎ , ﮐﺒﮭﯿﮑﺒﮭﯽ , ﮐﭽﮫ , ﮐﺴﯽ , ﮐﭽﮫ , ﻧﺮم , ﻣﻮزا , ﺻﺎﺑﻦ , ﺗﻮ , ﺑﺮف , , رﻓﺘﺎر , ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯽ , ﺑﺎت , ﺧﻼ , ﺟﻨﻮب , ﺳﻮپ , آواز , ﻣﻌﺎﻓﮑﺮﻧﺎ , ﺟﻠﺪﮨﯽ , ﺳﺘﺎرﮦ , ﮐﮭﮍا , ﻣﮩﺮ , ﻣﺮﺑﻊ , ﻣﻮﺳﻤﺒﮩﺎر , ﭘﮭﯿﻞ , ﮐﮭﯿﻞ , ﭼﻤﭻ , ﺧﺮچ , ﺟﺎدو , ﭘﯿﭧ , ﺑﮭﯽ , اب , ﻗﺪم , ﺑﮭﺎپ , ﭼﻮری , رﮨﻨﺎ , ﺳﭩﯿﺸﻦ , رﯾﺎﺳﺖ , ﺷﺮوع , ﺳﺎﺧﺖ , ﻣﻀﺒﻮط , ﮔﻠﯽ , ﻋﺠﯿﺐ , ﮐﮩﺎﻧﯽ , ﻃﻮﻓﺎن , ذﺧﯿﺮﮦ , روﮐﻨﮯ , ﭘﺘﮭﺮ , ﻏﯿﺮﻣﺘﻮﻗﻊ , اﯾﺴﮯ , ﮐﺎﻣﯿﺎب , ﻣﺎدﮦ , ﻣﻀﻤﻮن , ﭘﺎﮔﻞ , ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌہ , ﻃﺎﻟﺒﻌﻠﻢ , ﺣﯿﺮت , ﯾﻘﯿﻦ , ﺣﻤﺎﯾﺖ , دھﻮپ , ﺳﻮرج , ﻣﻮﺳﻤﮕﺮﻣﺎ , ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ , ﺷﮑﺮ ﭘﮍھﺎﻧﺎ , ﭼﺎﺋﮯ , ﭨﯿﮑﺴﯽ , ذاﺋﻘہ , اوﻧﭽﺎ , ﺑﺎت , ﻟﯿﻨﺎ , ﻣﯿﺰ , ﺗﻠﻮار , ﺗﯿﺮ , ﻣﯿﭩﮭﯽ , اﻣﺘﺤﺎن , ﺧﻮﻓﻨﺎک , ﭨﯿﻨﺲ , دس , ﺑﺘﺎﻧﺎ , ﭨﯿﻠﯿﻮﯾﮋن , ﭨﯿﻠﯿﻔﻮن , آﻧﺴﻮ , ﭨﯿﻢ , ﺗﯿﺴﺮی , ﺳﻮﭼﺘﮯ , ﭼﯿﺰ , ﭘﺘﻠﯽ , ﮔﺎڑھﺎ , ان , ﻟﮩﺬا , اُدھَﺮ , ﺗﻮ , ان , ﮐہ , ﺳﮯ ﻣﻠﮑﺮ , ﭘﻨﺠہ , آج , ﭘﺮ , ﻋﻨﻮان , ﺑﺎﻧﺪھﻨﺎ , ﺻﺎف , ﺗﯿﻦ , ﺧﻄﺮﮦ , اﮔﺮﭼہ , اس , , ﭨﺮام , ﭨﺮﯾﻦ , ﭨﺎؤن , ﭼﮭﻮ , ﭨﻮﭨﻞ , اوﭘﺮ , داﻧﺖ , آﻟہ , ﺑﮭﯽ , آﺟﺮات , ﮐﻞ , , ﺑﺎری , ﮐﻮﺷﺶ , دو , دوﺑﺎر , اﻋﺘﺒﺎر , ﺳَﭻ , ﭨﺮک , ﻣﺼﯿﺒﺖ , درﺧﺖ , ﺳﻔﺮ , ﻣﻔﯿﺪ , اﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل , اپ , ﺟﺒﺘﮏ , اﮐﺎﺋﯽ , ﺳﻤﺠﮫ , ﻧﯿﭽﮯ , ﭼﭽﺎ , ﻗﺴﻢ ﭼﻠﻨﺎ , ﺟﺎﮔﻨﺎ , اﻧﺘﻈﺎر , دورﮦ , آواز , ﮔﺎؤں , ﺑﮩﺖ , ﺳﺒﺰی , اﮐﺜﺮ , ﺣﺴﺒﻤﻌﻤﻮل , ﻣﻮﺳﻢ , ﭘﮩﻨﻨﺎ , ﮨﻢ , راﺳﺘہ , ﭘﺎﻧﯽ , دﯾﮑﮭﻨﺎ , ﺿﺎﺋﻊ , دھﻮﻧﺎ , ﮔﺮم , ﭼﺎﮨﻨﺎ , , ﮐﯿﺎ , ﮔﯿﻠﯽ , ﻣﻐﺮب , ﭨﮭﯿﮑﭩﮭﺎک , ﺧﻮﺷﺂﻣﺪﯾﺪ , ﻋﺠﯿﺐ , وزن , ﮨﻔﺘہ , ﺷﺎدی
74Pakistan Vision Vol. 16 No. 1 ﭘﮩﯿﺎ , ﺟﺐ , ﺟﮩﺎں , ﺟﺲ , ﺟﺒﮑہ , ﺳﻔﯿﺪ , ﺟﻮ , ﮐﯿﻮں , وﺳﯿﻊ , ﺑﯿﻮی , ﺟﻨﮕﻠﯽ , وﺻﯿﺖ , ﺟﯿﺖ , ﮨﻮا , ﮐﮭﮍﮐﯽ , ﺷﺮاب , ﻣﻮﺳﻤﺴﺮﻣﺎ , ﺗﺎر , داﻧﺸﻤﻨﺪاﻧہ , ﺧﻮاﮨﺶ , ﺳﺎﺗﮫ , ﺑﻐﯿﺮ , ﻋﻮرت , ﺗﻌﺠﺐ , ﻟﻔﻆ , ﮐﺎم , دﻧﯿﺎ , ﻓﮑﺮ , ﺑﮩﺘﺒﺮا , ﻟﮑﮭﻨﺎ , ﻏﻠﻂ , ﺳﺎل , ﺟﯽ , ﮐﻞ , اﺑﮭﯿﺘﮏ , آپ , ﺟﻮان , آﭘﮑﺎ , ﺻﻔﺮ , زﯾﺒﺮا .Once the etymology of all terms was extracted, the elementswith etymology in Persian and Arabic were separated in differenttables as follows24:Figure 3Terms derived from Persian PersianMeaning Urdu termlanguageAbout ﮐﮯ ﺑﺎرے ﻣﯿﮟ xAcross ﭘﺎر xActive ﺳﺮﮔﺮم xactivity ﺳﺮﮔﺮﻣﯽ xAlways ﮨﻤﯿﺸہ xAm ﮨﻮں xamount ﺷﻤﺎر xanother دوﺳﺮے xarm ﺑﺎزو xautumn ﺧﺰاں xbase ﺑﻨﯿﺎد xback ﺑﺮا xbag ﺗﮭﯿﻼ ، ﺑﺴﺘہ xbean ﺑﯿﺞ ، داﻧہ xbed ﺑﺴﺘﺮ xbelow ﻧﯿﭽﮯ xbest ﺑﮩﺘﺮﯾﻦ xbetter ﺑﮩﺘﺮ xbetween درﻣﯿﺎن xbird ﭘﺮﻧﺪوں xbirth ﭘﯿﺪاﺋﺶ xbirthday ﺳﺎﻟﮕﺮﮦ x
A Corpus Based Quantitative Survey of the Persian and Arabic oursecrashcrossdeaddecrease ﺳﯿﺎﮦ ﺧﻮن ﺑﮩﻨﺎ ﺧﻮن ﻧﯿﻼ ﮐﺸﺘﯽ ﺳﺮﺣﺪ ﭘﯿﺪا ﻧﭽﻼ ﺷﺎخ ﺑﮩﺎدر ﻧﺎﺷﺘہ روﺷﻦ ﮐﺎروﺑﺎر ﻟﯿﮑﻦ ﺧﺮﯾﺪﻧﺎ ﻣﻮم ﺑﺘﯽ ﻻﭘﺮواﮦ ﺻﺪی ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ ﭘﻨﯿﺮ ﭼﮑﻦ ﺑﭽہ ﺷﮩﺮ اﺑﺮ آﻟﻮد ﺑﻨﺪ ﺳﺮدی رﻧﮓ آرام دﮦ درﺳﺖ ﺷﻤﺎر راﺳﺘہ ﺗﺒﺎﮨﯽ ﭘﺎر ﻣﺮدﮦ ﮐﻢ xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx75
76Pakistan Vision Vol. 16 No. eshfriendfriendlyfungardengategladglassgod ﺗﺒﺎﮦ درﯾﺎﻓﺖ دروازﮦ ﻧﯿﭽﮯ ﺧﻮاب ﺧﺸﮏ ﺑﻄﺦ ﮨﺮ ﻣﺸﺮق دﺷﻤﻦ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﻓﺮار ﮨﻮﻧﺎ ﺷﺎم ﮨﻤﯿﺸہ ﮨﺮ ﭘﺮﺟﻮش ورزش ﭼﺮﺑﯽ ﺗﯿﺰ ﺗﻼش ﭘﺮﭼﻢ ﮨﻤﻮار ﭘﺮواز ﭼﺎر ﻣﻔﺖ آزادی ﺗﺎزﮦ دوﺳﺖ دوﺳﺘﺎﻧہ ﻣﺰﮦ ﺑﺎغ دروازﮦ ﺧﻮﺷﯽ ﺷﯿﺸہ ﺧﺪا xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
A Corpus Based Quantitative Survey of the Persian and Arabic thname ﺳﺒﺰ ﺳﺮﻣﺊ زﻣﯿﻦ ﺑﻨﺪوق ﺧﻮش ﺳﺮ ﻣﺮﻏﯽ اﻣﯿﺪ ﮔﺮم ﺷﻮﮨﺮ ﺑﺮف اﮔﺮ ﻧﻮﮐﺮی ﺑﺎدﺷﺎﮦ دﺳﺘﮏ ﭼﺮاغ زﻣﯿﻦ دﯾﺮ ﺳﺴﺖ ﮐﻢ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ روﺷﻨﯽ ﺷﯿﺮ ﻓﮩﺮﺳﺖ ﺗﻨﮩﺎ ﮐﻢ ﻧﯿﭽﮯ ﮐﺮﻧﺎ ﻧﺸﺎن زد ﺷﺎدی ﺷﺎﯾﺪ ﭘﯿﻤﺎﺋﺶ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ درﻣﯿﺎن ﻣﺎﮦ ﻧﺎم xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx77
78Pakistan Vision Vol. 16 No. eadyredrememberreturnriderudesaltsaltysearch ﺗﻨﮓ ﮔﺮدن ﻧہ ﯾہ ﺷﻮر ﻧہ ﮨﯽ ﭘﯿﺸﮑﺶ ﻧﺎرﻧﺠﯽ دﯾﮕﺮ درد راﺳﺘہ ﮔﻼﺑﯽ ﺟﮕہ ﻃﯿﺎرﮦ ﺧﻮش زﮨﺮ ﺷﺎﺋﺴﺘہ ﭘﯿﺶ ﺧﻮﺑﺼﻮرت ﺷﮩﺰادﮦ ﺷﺎﯾﺪ ﭘﯿﺪا ﻓﺮاﮨﻢ ﺳﺰا ﺧﺎﻣﻮش ﺑﺎرش ﺑﻠﻨﺪ ﺗﯿﺎر ﻻل ﯾﺎد واﭘﺲ ﺳﻮاری ﺑﺪﺗﻤﯿﺰ ﻧﻤﮏ ﻧﻤﮑﯿﻦ ﺗﻼش xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
A Corpus Based Quantitative Survey of the Persian and Arabic ulsugarsummerswimtablethingthoughtoetoothtreetwice ﻓﺮوﺧﺖ ﺳﺰا رﻧﮓ ﺳﺎﯾہ ﺗﯿﺰ ﭼﺎدر ﭼﻤﮏ دﮐﺎن ﮐﻨﺎرﮦ ﻣﻠﺘﮯ ﺟﻠﺘﮯ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺳﮯ ﺳﺴﺖ ﭼﮭﻮﭨﺎ ﻣﺴﮑﺮاﻧﺎ ﺗﻤﺒﺎﮐﻮ ﻧﻮﺷﯽ ﺗﻮ آواز رﻓﺘﺎر ﺟﺎدو ﺧﺮچ ﻣﻮﺳﻢ ﺑﮩﺎر ﺳﺘﺎرﮦ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻣﺎدﮦ ﮐﺎﻣﯿﺎب ﭼﯿﻨﯽ ﻣﻮﺳﻢ ﮔﺮﻣﺎ ﺗﯿﺮ ﻣﯿﺰ ﭼﯿﺰ اﮔﺮﭼہ ﭘﻨﺠہ داﻧﺖ درﺧﺖ دو ﺑﺎر xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxXXXXXXX79
80Pakistan Vision Vol. 16 No. earYoung ﮐﻮﺷﺸﮟ ﮐﺮﻧﺎ ﻧﯿﭽﮯ ﺳﺒﺰی آواز ﮔﺮم راﺳﺘہ ﺷﺎدی ﮨﻔﺘہ ﺧﻮش آﻣﺪﯾﺪ ﺟﺒﮑہ ﺳﻔﯿﺪ وﺳﯿﻊ ﺷﺮاب ﻣﻮﺳﻢ ﺳﺮﻣﺎ ﺗﺎر داﻧﺸﻤﻨﺪاﻧہ ﺧﻮاﮨﺶ ﺑﺪﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺳﺎل ﺟﻮان XXXXxXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXSource: Comparación del Léxico Básico del Español, el Inglés y el UrduFigure 4Terms derived from Arabic addadequateafterageagreeterm in urduarabic ﺧﺘﻢ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺻﺤﯿﺢ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﮐﺮﻧﺎ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﮨﻮﻧﺎ xxxxxxxx
A Corpus Based Quantitative Survey of the Persian and Arabic ertainchairchancechoicechoose ﮨﻮا ﺗﻤﺎم ﻏﺼہ ﺟﻮاب ﻇﺎﮨﺮ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﻋِﻼﻗَہ ﻓﻮج ﺣﻤﻠہ ﺧﺎﻟہ دور ﻏﺴﻞ ﺷﺮاب ﺷﺮوع ﻋﻼوﮦ ﺟﺴﻢ ﮐﺘﺎب ﺳﺮﺣﺪ ﻗﺮض ﺗﻌﻤﯿﺮ ﻣﺼﺮوف ﻗﺮﯾﺐ اﺣﺘﯿﺎط ﺳﮯ ﻻﭘﺮواﮦ اﭨﮭﺎﻧﺎ ﻣﺮﮐﺰی ﺑﻌﺾ ﮐﺮﺳﯽ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﮐﺮﻧﺎ xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx81
82Pakistan Vision Vol. 16 No. end داﺋﺮﮦ ﺟﻤﺎﻋﺖ ﺻﺎف واﺿﺢ ﺳﮑہ ﺟﻤﻊ ﻋﺎم ﻣﻮازﻧہ ﻣﮑﻤﻞ ﺷﺮط ﺟﺎری ﮐﺎرن , ﻣﮑﺊ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻠﮏ رﻗﺺ ﺧﻄﺮﻧﺎک ﻓﯿﺼﻠہ اﻧﺤﺼﺎر ﺗﺮﻗﯽ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﺸﮑﻞ ﺳﻤﺖ ﻧﻘﻄہ ﻗﻄﺮﮦ ﻓﺮض ﮐﻤﺎﻧﺎ آﺳﺎن ﺗﻌﻠﯿﻢ اﺛﺮ ﺧﺎﻟﯽ آﺧﺮ xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
A Corpus Based Quantitative Survey of the Persian and Arabic eignforgivefreezefurtherfuturegeneralget ﻟﻄﻒ اﻧﺪوز داﺧﻞ ﮨﻮﻧﺎ داﺧﻠہ واﻗﻌہ ﻗﻄﻌﯽ اﻣﺘﺤﺎن ﻣﺜﺎل ﺗﻮﻗﻊ وﺿﺎﺣﺖ اﻧﺘﮩﺎﺋﯽ ﭼﮩﺮﮦ ﺣﻘﯿﻘﺖ ﺟﻌﻠﯽ ﻣﺸﮩﻮر دوردراز واﻟﺪ ﻏﻠﻄﯽ ﺧﻮف ﻣﺤﺴﻮس ﺑﺨﺎر ﺧﺘﻢ ﻣﻮزوں ﻓﺮش ﻣﺠﺒﻮر ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﻠﮑﯽ ﻣﻌﺎف ﻣﻨﺠﻤﺪ ﻣﺰﯾﺪ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﻋﺎم ﺣﺎﺻﻞ xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx83
84Pakistan Vision Vol. 16 No. t ﺗﺤﻔہ دﯾﻨﺎ اﻟﻮداع ﻗﺒﺮ ﻋﻈﯿﻢ ﻧﺼﻒ ﺳﺨﺖ , ﻣﺸﮑﻞ ﻧﻔﺮت ﺻﺤﺖ ﻣﻨﺪ ﺳﻦ آداب ﻣﺪد ﻣﺪدﮔﺎر اﻋﻠﯽ ﺷﻮق ﻣﮑﺎن ﺟﻠﺪی ﺧﯿﺎل اﮨﻢ اﺿﺎﻓہ ﻣﺘﻌﺎرف ﮐﺮاﻧﺎ اﯾﺠﺎد ﻣﺪﻋﻮ ﮐﺮﻧﺎ ﺟﺰﯾﺮﮦ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﮨﻮﻧﺎ ﺻﺮف اﮨﻢ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻗﺴﻢ ﻣﻌﻠﻮم آﺧﺮی xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
A Corpus Based Quantitative Survey of the Persian and Arabic ature ﺣﺎل ﮨﯽ ﻣﯿﮟ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻗﯿﺎدت ﻗﺮض دﯾﻨﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ اﺟﺎزت دﯾﻨﺎ ﺧﻂ ﻃﻮﯾﻞ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﺤﺒﺖ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ اﮨﻢ ﻧﻘﺸہ ﻣﻄﻠﺐ دوا ﻣﻼﻗﺎت رﮐﻦ ذﮐﺮ ﻃﺮﯾﻘہ اﻣﺘﺤﺎن ﻏﻠﻄﯽ ﺟﺪﯾﺪ ﻟﻤﺤہ ﻣﺰﯾﺪ ﺻﺒﺢ زﯾﺎدﮦ ﺣﺮﮐﺖ ﮐﺮﻧﺎ ﺿﺮوری ﻗﻮم ﻧﻮﻋﯿﺖ xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxXXXX85
86Pakistan Vision Vol. 16 No. et ﻗﺮﯾﺐ ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺒﺎ ﺿﺮورت ﺧﺒﺮ اﺧﺒﺎر ﻋﻈﯿﻢ ﻧﺎک اﻃﻼع اب ﺗﻌﺪاد اﻃﺎﻋﺖ اﻋﺘﺮاض ﺑﺤﺮ دﻓﺘﺮ اﮐﺜﺮ ﺻﺮف ﺑﺮﻋﮑﺲ ﺣﮑﻢ ﺻﻔﺤہ ﮐﺎﻏﺬ واﻟﺪﯾﻦ ﺣﺼہ ﮔﺰرﻧﺎ ﮔﺰﺷﺘہ ادا اﻣﻦ ﻗﻠﻢ ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺷﺨﺺ ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ ﺟﯿﺐ XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
A Corpus Based Quantitative Survey of the Persian and Arabic 209210211212213214
Hindi speakers to learn to read Urdu script or for Urdu speakers to learn to read Devanagari.6 This extreme case of digraphia is significant in the case of Urdu for several reasons. . Persian and to a minor extent Punjabi and
between singing and speech at the phone level. We hereby present the NUS Sung and Spoken Lyrics Corpus (NUS-48E corpus) as the first step toward a large, phonetically annotated corpus for singing voice research. The corpus is a 169-min collection of audio recordings of the sung and spoken lyrics of 48 .
(It does not make sense to collect spoken language data only from children if one is interested in an overall picture including young and old speakers.) . Niko Schenk Corpus Linguistics { Introduction 36/48. Introduction Corpus Properties, Text Digitization, Applications 1 Introduction 2 Corpus Properties, Text Digitization, Applications .
Morningstar Quantitative Ratings for Stocks Morningstar Quantitative Ratings for stocks, or "quantitative star ratings," are assigned based on the combination of the Quantitative Valuation of the company dictated by our model, the current market price, the margin of safety determined by the Quantitative Uncertainty Score, the market capital, and
Quantitative Aptitude – Clocks and Calendars – Formulas E-book Monthly Current Affairs Capsules Quantitative Aptitude – Clocks and Calendars – Formulas Introduction to Quantitative Aptitude: Quantitative Aptitude is an important section in the employment-related competitive exams in India. Quantitative Aptitude Section is one of the key sections in recruitment exams in India including .
1 U.S. Geological Survey, Marine Ecotoxicology Research Station, TAMU-CC, NRC Suite 3200, 6300 Ocean Drive, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 2 Texas A & M University - Corpus Christi, Center for Coastal Studies, NRC Suite 3200, 6300 Ocean Drive, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 3U.S. Geological Survey, MS964 Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225 Open File Report .
the corpus by using the MCA engine. Exercises have been devised to exploit the potential of linking the film corpus, the MEC and MCA. The authors' aim of cre-ating a very large tagged corpus and of developing language learning materials based on authentic data is now underway in the Ecolingua project.
Corpus Christi Police Department Attention: Background Investigations . P.O. Box 9016 . Corpus Christi, TX 78469-9016 . If you have any questions please contact the Background Investigations section at 361.886.2626. The City of Corpus Christi will not discriminate against any applicant or employee based on race,
Arabic Corpus Tool (Parkinson et al.) ! King Saud University Corpus of Classical Arabic (Althubaity et al. 2013) ! The Quranic Arabic Corpus (University of Leeds) The Historical
