A CLASSIC APPROACH TO SHARPENING SCALERS &
IT’S ABOUT TIMEA CLASSIC APPROACH TOSHARPENING SCALERS & CURETTES
IT’S ABOUT TIMEA Classic Appoach to Sharpening Scalers & CurettesThis manual describes a classic approach to sharpening periodontal scalers and curettes.Traditional sharpening techniques have relied upon “degrees of angulation” to achievethe correct position of the stone in relation to the blade while sharpening. This alternativemethod utilizes the simple visual imagery of the hands of the clock to establish the correctpositions while holding the instrument stationary and moving the stone.LEARNING OBJECTIVESUpon completion of this manual, the participant will be able to:1. List the benefits achieved when utilizingscalers and curettes with sharp cuttingedges.4. Describe how the traditional “degrees ofangulation” correspond with the clockpositions in this strategy.2. Distinguish a “dull“ cutting edge from a“sharp” edge.5. Identify the essential grasp of both theinstrument and the sharpening stone asdefined in this technique.3. Characterize the Arkansas Stone, theIndia Stone, and the Ceramic Stoneaccording to:a. Appearanceb. Coarseness or Grit variationsc. Preferred lubricant16. Describe the sharpening procedurefor Sickle Scalers, Universal Curettes,and Gracey Curettes as outlined in thistechnique.7. Define the procedure for determiningwhen a “sharpened” cutting edgeactually is “sharp”.
WHY SHARPENInstruments should be kept sharp and true to their original design. Dental proceduresare most effective when using sharp instruments because they reduce fatigue, improvedeposit removal, save time, enhance tactile sensitivity, and minimize patient discomfort.WHEN TO SHARPENRepeated use of an instrument wears away minute particles of metal from the bladecausing the cutting edge to take on a rounded shape resulting in a dull, ineffective blade.When the blade is dull, the clinician loses the ability to “feel” the sharp edge “grabbing”onto a surface. Instead, the blade “slides” over the surface or deposit which causesthe clinician to use more lateral pressure and repetitive strokes in an effort to removedeposits. This could result in burnishing rather than removing the deposit.A DULL BLADE REFLECTSLIGHT ALONG THECUTTING EDGE.For best results, instruments should be sharpened lightly after each use rather thanreconditioning or recontouring after repeated use. Consistent sharpening on a regularbasis will conserve more of the blade as compared to grinding away an excessiveamount of metal when recontouring an extremely dull instrument.HOW TO DETERMINE SHARPNESSA hard acrylic test stick can be used to determine the sharpness of the blade. It isdesigned specifically for this purpose. When the proper testing procedure is followed, asharp edge will bite into or “grab” the test stick and produce a metallic clicking sound. Adull edge will slide over the surface of the test stick.A SHARP CUTTINGEDGE DOES NOTREFLECT LIGHT.Another way to test the sharpness of an instrument is to inspect the blade visually.Hold the instrument under a light (and if possible, under magnification) and rotate theinstrument until the edge is facing the light. A dull cutting edge will reflect light when ithas become rounded from use.WHEN TO REPLACE INSTRUMENTSThoroughly inspect each blade after sharpening to determine if the original shape hasbeen significantly altered, or if the strength and integrity has been compromised.2
SHARPENING STONESSeveral types of sharpening stones are available for sharpening scalers and curettes.Selecting the appropriate stone will make the sharpening procedure more efficient.TYPEArkansas StoneThe Arkansas Stone is a natural stone with a fine grit. Oil lubricationis recommended when using this stone. The oil serves as a vehicle tofloat the metal particles as they are ground away from the blade andprevents those shavings from becoming embedded in the stone. Thebuildup of these shavings in the oil is referred to as “sludge.”Ceramic StoneThe Ceramic Stone is a synthetic stone available in either fine,medium or coarse grits. Fine grit ceramic stones are excellent forroutine sharpening of dental instruments. Water can be used forlubrication or the stone can be used dry. When sharpening with aCeramic Stone, there will be an accumulation of metal filings ratherthan “sludge.”India StoneThe “I” Stone is a synthetic stone composed of aluminum oxidecrystals and is available in fine to coarse grits. Sharpening with anIndia stone should always be followed by “finishing” the grinding witha fine grit ceramic or Arkansas stone. Oil lubrication is recommendedwhen sharpening with this stone, however this stone can also belubricated with water or used dry.SHAPES3Conical StoneThe conical stone is used for finishing or removing wire edges aftersharpening.Cylindrical StoneThe cylindrical stone is used for finishing or removing wire edgesafter sharpening.Flat StoneThe flat stone typically is rectangular and is available in varioussizes. It can be an Arkansas, Ceramic or India Stone.Wedge StoneThe wedge stone is a rectangular-shaped stone with rounded edgesand commonly is available as an Arkansas or India Stone.
STONE GRITS & LUBRICATIONThere are many sharpening stone grits available. Be sure to use the proper grit forsharpening dental instruments.Coarse sharpening stones are intended mainly for recontouring and may be tooabrasive for light, regular sharpening as a coarse stone may remove more metal thanis necessary from the surface of the blade. If a coarser stone is used for recontouringa blade, a finer grit stone should then be used to restore a keen cutting edge.Arkansas StonesIndia or I-StonesCeramic ONE CAREAfter each use, stones should be wiped with a clean cloth or gauze to remove metalparticles. They can be scrubbed and/or ultrasonically cleaned to remove any lubricantand metal shavings before sterilization. Alternate the areas used for sharpening toprevent “grooving” in the stone.4
YOUR WORK AREABefore beginning the sharpening process, assemble the required materials. In additionto the instruments to be sharpened and the proper sharpening stones, you will need thefollowing items:Safety Glasses: required whensharpening, should cover the eyescompletely and have side panelsfor maximum protectionMagnifying Glass or Loupes:to view the bladeGloves: should fit comfortablyPlastic or Acrylic Test Stick:to test the cutting edge forsharpnessCotton Tipped Applicators: tospread oil or water lubricationClock Diagram: to determinethe proper positioning of theinstrument, stone and test stick.A clock image is provided in thismanual.Gauze: to wipe away sludge orshavings from the surface of thestone and the blade5
BASIC PRINCIPLES OF SHARPENINGANATOMY OF AN INSTRUMENTFor efficient sharpening it is important to be familiar with the anatomy of an instrument.All scalers and curettes have three common components: the shank, working end & handleTERMINAL SHANK: the area of theinstrument between the blade and the firstangle. This is the key feature for each scaleror curette. Proper alignment of the terminalshank will automatically place the blade inthe correct position for sharpening whenusing the clock approach.WORKING END: consistsof a blade that has one ortwo cutting edges that runfrom the terminal shank tothe tip or toe.FUNCTIONAL SHANK: extendsfrom the handle to the blade andincludes the terminal shank.6
GRACEY 1/2INSTRUMENT LABELINGWhen the design name and number are stamped along the length of the handle, each working endis identified by the number closest to it. If the design name and number are stamped around theinstrument handle, the first number identifies the working end at the top and the second numberidentifies the working end at the bottom of the handle.GRACEY 1/2G1/2INSTRUMENT GRASPYour grasp on the instrument is important throughout thesharpening process. Hold the instrument in your nondominanthand with a secure palm grasp. Brace your thumb against theupper shank to counterbalance the pressure caused by grindingthe lower blade. Using the clock as a guide, hold the instrumentvertically with the blade to be sharpened at the bottom with thetip toward you.G1/2STONE GRASPGrasp the lower half of the stone in your dominant hand.Hold the stone upright at 12:00 by placing your thumb on theedge toward you and your fingers on the edge away from you.This grasp stabilizes the stone and assists in maintaining aconsistent vertical motion. Move your entire arm in a fluid upand-down motion when sharpening.7
TERMINALSHANKSHARPENING OF THE SICKLE SCALERCUTTING EDGEFACETIPBACKLATERALSURFACEThe sickle scaler has two cutting edges which are formed by the junctionof the facial surface with the two lateralsurfaces converging to a pointedTERMINALSHANKtip. This triangular cross-sectional results in an almost pointed back. TheCUTTING EDGEfacial surface of the blade is positioned at a 90 angle to the terminal shank.FACEThis is important to note becauseit affectsthe positioning of the stone andTIPBLADEinstrument while RFACECUTTINGEDGETERMINALSHANKCUTTINGEDGECUTTING ERALSURFACEFACIALSURFACECUTTINGCUTTINGWhen sharpening eitherthescaler you will restoreEDGE straight or curved sickleEDGETERMINALthe cutting edgesby grinding against the lateral surfaces of the blade andSHANKfinishing the facial surface. Excessive sharpening of the facial surface is notrecommended because it will weaken the UTTINGEDGELATERALSURFACE8
RSHARPENING THE SICKLE SCALER For Right HandersINSTRUMENT POSITION: Hold the instrument vertically in your nondominant hand. Theblade to be sharpened will be at the bottom with the tip pointed toward you. Brace thetop shank with your thumb and place your elbow directly in front of you on the table.Position the terminal shank of the blade being sharpened at 12 o’clock.STONE POSITION: Place the lubricated side of the stone against the right lateral surfaceof the blade. In an upright vertical position, initially direct the top of the stone upwardtoward 12 o’clock and then tilt the top of the stone away from the instrument to 3 minutesafter 12 o’clock.INSTRUMENT POSITIONSTONE MOVEMENT: Initiate grinding in a fluid up-and-down motion. Start at the heelthird of the blade and continue to the middle third and finally to the tip third. You shouldsee a buildup of sludge along the facial surface of the blade and stone. If you are using aceramic stone you will see a buildup of metal filings instead of sludge. Using gauze, wipethe sludge or metal filings from the surface of the blade and the stone.SHARPENING THE OPPOSITE CUTTING EDGE: Rotate the instrument so that the tip ispointed away from you. Maintain the secure palm grasp and again brace the top shankwith your thumb. Position the terminal shank of the bottom blade at 12 o’clock. Tilt thetop of the stone slightly away from the handle to 3 minutes after 12 o’clock. Repeat thegrinding process maintaining the clock position. Using gauze, wipe the sludge or metalfilings from the surfaces of the blade and stone.FINISHINGCurved Sickle BladeWith the tip of the bladepointed toward you, holdthe terminal shank at 12o’clock. Place the cylindricalstone on the face of theinstrument with the stoneplaced horizontally, at 3 and9 o’clock. Lightly rotate thecylindrical stone along theface from the heel to the tipto remove any wire edges.9Straight Sickle BladeWith the tip of the bladepointed toward you, holdthe terminal shank at 12o’clock. Place a flat stonehorizontally on the facialsurface of the instrumentat the 3 and 9 o’clockposition. Move the stonefrom side to side with lightpressure to remove anywire edges.STONE POSITION
LSHARPENING THE SICKLE SCALER For Left HandersINSTRUMENT POSITION: Hold the instrument vertically in your nondominant hand. Theblade to be sharpened will be at the bottom with the tip pointed toward you. Brace thetop shank with your thumb and place your elbow directly in front of you on the table.Position the terminal shank of the blade being sharpened at 12 o’clock.STONE POSITION: Place the lubricated side of the stone against the left lateral surfaceof the blade. In an upright vertical position, initially direct the top of the stone upwardtoward 12 o’clock and then tilt the top of the stone away from the instrument to 3minutes before 12 o’clock.INSTRUMENT POSITIONSTONE MOVEMENT: Initiate grinding in a fluid up-and-down motion. Start at the heelthird of the blade and continue to the middle third and finally to the tip third. You shouldsee a buildup of sludge along the facial surface of the blade and stone. If you are using aceramic stone you will see a buildup of metal filings instead of sludge. Using gauze, wipethe sludge or metal filings from the surface of the blade and the stone.SHARPENING THE OPPOSITE CUTTING EDGE: Rotate the instrument so that the tip ispointed away from you. Maintain the secure palm grasp and again brace the top shankwith your thumb. Position the terminal shank of the bottom blade upright at 12 o’clock.Tilt the top of the stone slightly away from the handle to 3 minutes before 12 o’clock.Repeat the grinding process maintaining the clock position. Using gauze, wipe thesludge or metal filings from the surfaces of the blade and stone.STONE POSITIONFINISHINGCurved Sickle BladeWith the tip of the bladepointed toward you hold theterminal shank at 12 o’clock.Place the cylindrical stone onthe face of the instrumentwith the stone positionedhorizontally at 3 and 9o’clock. Lightly rotate thecylindrical stone along theface from the heel to the tipto remove any wire edges.Straight Sickle BladeWith the tip of the bladepointed toward you holdthe terminal shank at 12o’clock. Place a flat stonehorizontally on the facialsurface of the instrumentat the 3 and 9 o’clockposition. Move the stonefrom side to side with lightpressure to remove anywire edges.10
TESTING THE SHARPNESS OF THESICKLE SCALER BLADETEST STICK POSITIONTo test the cutting edge, grasp the bottom third of the test stick in your non-dominanthand between your thumb and index finger. Hold the test stick upright at 12 o’clock.INSTRUMENT POSITION FOR RIGHT-HANDERSIn your dominant hand, hold the instrument with a modified pen grasp. Position theinstrument handle behind the test stick with the tip of the blade pointed toward you.Place the cutting edge to be tested against the left side of the test stick and fulcrum onthe right side of the test stick. Tilt the terminal shank slightly toward 3 minutes after12 o’clock using the same angle that is used for scaling.RINSTRUMENT POSITIONFOR RIGHT HANDERSLINSTRUMENT POSITIONFOR LEFT HANDERSINSTRUMENT POSITION FOR LEFT-HANDERSIn your dominant hand, hold the instrument with a modified pen grasp. Position theinstrument handle behind the test stick with the tip of the blade pointed toward you.Place the cutting edge to be tested against the right side of the test stick and fulcrumon the left side of the test stick. Tilt the terminal shank slightly toward 3 minutes before12 o’clock using the same angle that is used for scaling.TESTING THE CUTTING EDGEPress the cutting edge laterally into the test stick and release. Test the entire lengthof the blade. A sharp edge will bite into or grab the test stick but will not slide over thesurface of the test stick. When a sharp cutting edge is released from the test stick, itproduces a metallic sound. If the cutting edge slides over the side of the test stick it mayindicate the blade is still dull, or the terminal shank is not positioned correctly. Verticalshaving motions against the test stick will dull the cutting edge.TESTING THE OPPOSITE CUTTING EDGETo test the opposite cutting edge rotate the tip away from you positioning theinstrument handle in front of the test stick and repeat the same process as describedabove. Be sure to test the entire length of the blade.11
TERMINALSHANKCUTTING EDGEFACESHARPENING OF THE UNIVERSAL CURETTETOELATERALSURFACEBACKTERMINALThe Universal Curette blade has two parallel cuttingedges that meet at a roundedSHANKtoe. The cutting edges of the curetteareformedatthejunction of the lateralCUTTING EDGEsurfaces with the facial surface. The facial surface of the blade is positioned TERMINALtoSHANKFACEform a 90 angle with the terminalTOEshank. This is important to notebecauseit90 affects the positioning of the stone and instrument while IALSURFACECUTTINGEDGECUTTING EDGETOELATERALSURFACEFACE90 CEFACIALSURFACECUTTINGEDGE90 CIALSURFACECUTTINGEDGECUTTINGEDGE12
R SHARPENING THE UNIVERSAL CURETTE For Right HandersINSTRUMENT POSITION: Hold the instrument vertically in your non-dominant hand.The blade to be sharpened will be at the bottom with the toe pointed toward you. Bracethe side of the top shank with your thumb and place your elbow directly in front of youon the table. Position the terminal shank at 12 o’clock.INSTRUMENT POSITIONSTONE POSITION: Place the lubricated side of the stone against the right lateralsurface of the blade. In an upright vertical position, initially direct the top of the stoneupward toward 12 o’clock and then tilt the top of the stone away from the instrumentto 3 minutes after 12 o’clock.STONE MOVEMENT: Initiate grinding in a fluid up-and-down motion. Start at the heelthird of the blade then continue to the middle third and finally the toe third. Rememberto maintain a continuous up-and-down motion using long strokes with moderatepressure. You should see a buildup of sludge along the entire facial surface of the blade.If you are using a ceramic stone you will see a buildup of metal filings instead of sludge.Using gauze, wipe the sludge or metal filings from the surface of the blade and stone.STONE POSITIONSHARPENING THE OPPOSITE CUTTING EDGE: Rotate the instrument so that the toeis pointed away from you. Maintain the secure palm grasp and again brace the top shankwith your thumb. Repeat the grinding process keeping the terminal shank at 12 o’clockand the stone position at 3 minutes past 12 o’clock.ROUNDING THE TOE: To maintain the rounded shape of the curette toe, rotate theinstrument so that the toe of the blade is directed toward 3 o’clock. Position the stonehorizontally under the blade and tilt toward the 2 o’clock position. Move the stone in aconsistent up-and-down motion, overlapping the strokes and rotating around the toe tomaintain the rounded shape.SHARPENING THE OPPOSITECUTTING EDGEFINISHINGPosition the terminal shank at 12 o’clock with the toe pointedtoward you. Position the cylindrical stone horizontally acrossthe face of the blade at 3 and 9 o’clock. Lightly rotate thestone along the face of the blade from the heel to the toe toremove any wire edges.Repeat the same sharpening process for the other endof the instrument.13FINISHINGROUNDING THE TOE
LSHARPENING THE UNIVERSAL CURETTE For Left HandersINSTRUMENT POSITION: Hold the instrument vertically in your non-dominant hand.The blade to be sharpened will be at the bottom with the toe pointed toward you. Bracethe side of the top shank with your thumb and place your elbow directly in front of youon the table. Position the terminal shank at 12 o’clock.INSTRUMENT POSITIONSTONE POSITION: Place the lubricated side of the stone against the left lateral surfaceof the blade. In an upright vertical position, initially direct the top of the stone upwardtoward 12 o’clock and then tilt the top of the stone away from the instrument to 3minutes before 12 o’clock.STONE MOVEMENT: Initiate grinding in a fluid up-and-down motion. Start at the heelthird of the blade then continue to the middle third and finally the toe third. Rememberto maintain a continuous up-and-down motion using long strokes with moderatepressure. You should see a buildup of sludge along the entire facial surface of the blade.If you are using a ceramic stone you will see a buildup of metal filings instead of sludge.Using gauze, wipe the sludge or metal filings from the surface of the blade and stone.STONE POSITIONSHARPENING THE OPPOSITE CUTTING EDGE: Rotate the instrument so that thetoe is pointed away from you. Maintain the secure palm grasp and again brace the topshank with your thumb. Repeat the grinding process keeping the terminal shank at12 o’clock and the stone at 3 minutes before 12 o’clock.ROUNDING THE TOE: To maintain the rounded shape of the curette toe, rotate theinstrument so that the toe of the blade is pointing at 9 o’clock. Position the stonehorizontally under the blade directed at 9 o’clock and tilt upward toward the 10 o’clockposition. Move the stone in a consistent up-and-down motion, overlapping the strokesand rotating around the toe to maintain the rounded shape.SHARPENING THE OPPOSITECUTTING EDGEFINISHINGPosition the terminal shank at 12 o’clock with the toepointed toward you. Position the cylindrical stonehorizontally across the face of the blade at 3 and 9 o’clock.Lightly rotate the stone along the face of the blade fromthe heel to the toe to remove any wire edges.Repeat the same sharpening process for the other endof the instrument.FINISHINGROUNDING THE TOE14
TESTING THE SHARPNESS OF THEUNIVERSAL CURETTE BLADETEST STICK POSITIONTo test the cutting edge, grasp the bottom third of the test stick in your non-dominanthand between your thumb and index finger. Position the test stick vertically upright at12 o’clock.INSTRUMENT POSITION FOR RIGHT HANDERSIn your dominant hand, hold the instrument with a modified pen grasp. Place theinstrument handle behind the test stick with the toe of the blade pointed toward you.Place the cutting edge to be tested against the left side of the test stick and fulcrum onthe right side. Tilt the terminal shank toward 3 minutes past 12 o’clock so that testing isdone at exactly the same angle that the blade is used for scaling.INSTRUMENT POSITION FOR LEFT HANDERSIn your dominant hand, hold the instrument with a modified pen grasp. Place theinstrument handle behind the test stick with the toe of the blade pointed toward you.Place the cutting edge to be tested against the right side of the test stick and fulcrum onthe left side. Tilt the terminal shank to 3 minutes before 12 o’clock so that testing is doneat exactly the same angle that the blade is used for scaling.TESTING THE CUTTING EDGEPress the cutting edge laterally into the test stick and release. Test the entire length of theblade. A sharp edge will bite into or grab the test stick but will not slide over the surfaceof the test stick. When the edge is removed from the test stick, it produces a metallicsound. If the cutting edge slides over the side of the test stick it may indicate the blade isstill dull, or the terminal shank is not positioned correctly. Vertical shaving strokes on thetest stick will dull the cutting edge.TESTING THE OPPOSITE CUTTING EDGETo test the opposite cutting edge, rotate the toe away from you positioning the handleand terminal shank in front of the test stick and repeat the same process. Be sure to testthe entire length of the blade.15RINSTRUMENT POSITIONFOR RIGHT HANDERSLINSTRUMENT POSITIONFOR LEFT HANDERS
CUTTING EDGETOEFACEBACKLATERALSURFACESHARPENING OF THE GRACEY CURETTECUTTING EDGEThe Gracey Curette differs from the Universal CuretteTOEand Sickle Scaler as the facialTERMINALSHANKFACEsurface of the blade is tilted downward at a 70 angle to the terminal shank creatingonly one functional edge to be sharpened, the lower edge. The cutting70 edge on a Graceyinstrument is not curved to one side as itBACKmay seem but is straight as it comes forwardLATERALSURFACE when sharpeningoff the terminal shank. This is important to rememberBLADEin order tomaintain the original blade design.NON-FUNCTIONALEDGECUTTING EDGEFACIALSURFACETOEFACETERMINALSHANK70 BACKCUTTINGEDGELATERALSURFACEBLADEROUNDED UNDERSURFACEThe Gracey instruments are paired designsand the blades are identified by aNON-FUNCTIONALnumber. Each double-ended Gracey has an oddEDGEand an even number which identifiesFACIALthe blades. Forexample, the Gracey 1/2has the #1 blade on one end and the #2TERMINALSURFACESHANKblade on the opposite end.70 BLADECUTTINGEDGEGRACEY 1/2ROUNDED EDGE16
RSHARPENING THE ODD-NUMBEREDGRACEY CURETTE For Right HandersBLADE POSITIONING: For all odd-numbered Gracey blades, point the toe of the bladetoward you when sharpening. This positions the lower cutting edge on the right side ofthe blade, which is your dominant side and will make the sharpening task easier.INSTRUMENT POSITION: Hold the instrument in your non-dominant hand verticallywith a firm palm grasp so that the blade to be sharpened will be at the bottom with thetoe pointed toward you. Focus only on the terminal shank of the instrument and tilt theterminal shank toward 3 minutes before 12 o’clock. Remember to brace the top shank ofthe instrument with your thumb.INSTRUMENT POSITIONSTONE POSITION: Holding the stone in your dominant hand, position the stone againstthe right lateral surface of the blade at 12 o’clock and then tilt the top of the stoneslightly toward 3 minutes past 12 o’clock.STONE MOVEMENT: Initiate sharpening in a fluid up-and-down motion starting at theheel third of the blade then continuing to the middle third and finally the toe third.Failing to sharpen the entire length of the blade is a common sharpening error. Besure to use a consistent movement along the entire blade. You should see a buildup ofsludge along the entire facial surface of the blade. If you are using a ceramic stone youwill see a buildup of metal filings instead of sludge.STONE POSITIONROUNDING THE TOE: Maintain the terminal shank at 3 minutes before 12 o’clock.Rotate the instrument so that the toe of the blade is directed at 3 o’clock. The face ofthe instrument should be parallel to the table surface. Position the stone horizontallyunder the blade at 3 and 9 o’clock and tilt the stone upward to the 2 o’clock position.Move the stone in a consistent motion, overlapping the strokes and rotating around thetoe to maintain the rounded shape. Using gauze, wipe the sludge or metal filings fromthe surface of the blade and stone.ROUNDING THE TOEFINISHINGHold the terminal shank at 3 minutes before 12 o’clock withthe toe pointed toward you. Position the cylindrical stonealong the face of the instrument at 3 and 9 o’clock. Lightlyrotate the stone along the face from the heel to the toe toremove any wire edges.FINISHING17
RSHARPENING THE EVEN-NUMBEREDGRACEY CURETTE For Right HandersBLADE POSITIONING: For all even-numbered blades, point the toe of the blade away fromyou. This positions the lower cutting edge on the right side of the blade, which is yourdominant side and will make sharpening task easier.INSTRUMENT POSITION: Hold the instrument in your non-dominant hand vertically with afirm palm grasp so that the blade to be sharpened will be at the bottom with the toe pointedaway from you. Focus only on the terminal shank of the instrument and tilt the terminalshank to 3 minutes before 12 o’clock. Remember to brace the top shank of the instrumentwith your thumb.INSTRUMENT POSITIONSTONE POSITION: Holding the stone in your dominant hand, position the stone against theright lateral surface at 12 o’clock and then tilt the top of the stone slightly toward at 3 minutespast 12 o’clock.STONE MOVEMENT: Initiate sharpening in a fluid up-and-down motion starting at theheel third of the blade then continuing to the middle third and finally the toe third. Failingto sharpen the entire length of the blade is a common sharpening error. Be sure to use aconsistent movement along the entire blade. You should see a buildup of sludge along theentire facial surface of the blade. If you are using a ceramic stone you will see a buildup ofmetal filings instead of sludge.STONE POSITIONROUNDING THE TOE: Maintain the terminal shank at 3 minutes to 12 o’clock and rotate theinstrument so that the toe of the blade is directed at 3 o’clock. The face of the instrumentshould be parallel to the table surface. Position the stone horizontally under the blade at3 o’clock and tilt the stone upward to the 2 o’clock position. Move the stone in a consistentmotion, overlapping the strokes and rotating around the toe to maintain the rounded shape.Wipe the sludge or metal filings from the surface of the blade and stone with the gauze.ROUNDING THE TOEFINISHINGHold the terminal shank at 3 minutes after 12 o’clock with thetoe pointed toward you. Position the cylindrical stone alongthe face of the instrument at 3 and 9 o’clock. Lightly rotatethe stone along the face from the heel to the toe to removeany wire edges.FINISHING18
LSHARPENING THE ODD-NUMBEREDGRACEY CURETTE For Left HandersBLADE POSITION: For all odd-numbered Gracey blades, point the toe of the blade awayfrom you when sharpening. This positions the lower cutting edge on the left side of theblade which is your dominant side and will make the sharpening task easier.INSTRUMENT POSITION: Hold the instrument vertically in your nondominant handwith a firm palm grasp so that the blade to be sharpened will be at the bottom with thetoe pointed away from you. Focus only on the terminal shank and position it slightlytoward 3 minutes after 12 o’clock. Remember to brace the top shank of the instrumentwith your thumb.INSTRUMENT POSITIONSTONE POSITION: Position the stone against the left lateral surface at 12 o’clock andthen tilt the top of the stone slightly toward 3 minutes before 12 o’clock.STONE MOVEMENT: Initiate grinding in a fluid up-and-down motion starting at the heelthird of the blade then continuing to the middle third and finally the toe third. Failing tosharpen the entire length of the blade is a common sharpening error. Be sure to use aconsistent moveme
Ceramic Stone The Ceramic Stone is a synthetic stone available in either fine, medium or coarse grits. Fine grit ceramic stones are excellent for routine sharpening of dental instruments. Water can be used for lubrication or the stone can be used dry. When sharpening with a Ceramic Sto
Spatial filters : Sharpening 1st VS 2nd derivative sharpening 1st derivative sharpening produces thicker edges in an image 1st derivative sharpening has stronger response to gray level change 2nd derivative sharpening has stronger response to fine details, such as thin lines and isolated points. 2nd derivative sharpening has double response to .
Photography and Vision Sharpening. Sharpening Boost detail in an image without introducing noise or artifacts Undo blur -due to lens aberrations -slight misfocus. Recall Denoising Input Signal Noise. Recall Denoising Input Signal Noise. Sharpening Input Coarse Fine. Sharpening
4. During sharpening major flank face, the lathe tool shank should be shifted an angle to the left as major cutting edge angle; during sharpening minor flank face, the lathe tool shank should be shifted an angle to the right as minor cutting edge angle. 5. During sharpening arc of the tip, generally, holding the tip of lathe tool with left hand
WCF9 Classic Window 1 Pane (Fixed) 3.6 24.27 WCS9 Classic Window 1 Pane (Sash) 5.8 33.14 WCF12 Classic Window 1 Pane (Fixed) 3.8 26.28 WCS12 Classic Window 1 Pane (Sash) 6.5 36.41 . CLASSIC TOPPERS . KG PRICE QTY WCT6 2 Pane Classic Top Lite Window 5.8 32.19 WCT9 2 Pane Classic Top Lite Window 6.9 38.21 .
Drill Bit Sharpening Attachment With the patented Tormek Drill Bit Sharpening Attachment DBS-22, you can sharp-en your drill bits with the highest accuracy. It copes with drills from 3 mm (1/8") to 22 mm (7/8") and with point angles from 90 to 150 . The optimal clearance angle can be set to 7 , 9 , 11 or 14 according to the drill size and type of material to be drilled. Water cooling .
the skill of woodturning. At one time every conceivable woodworker learned sharpening skills as part of their activity— whether it be sharpening saw blades, axes, spokeshaves, chisels, or plane irons. Today h
this pushing stroke three or four times. Remember, try to keep the same approxi-mate sharpening angle all the time since this is the key to obtaining the sharpest edge. 4.To sharpen the other side of your knife simplyplace your blade at the opposite end of your Smith sharpening stone a
hubungan antara asupan asam folat dengan kadar Hb dengan nilai p 0,64. Kata Kunci : asupan fe, asupan folat, kadar hb, tb paru . Abstract . Tuberculosis pulmonary can lead to various metabolic disorders and system disturbances in the body, one of which is synthetic disorder of Hemoglobin levels. Some nutrients which can influence the synthetic of Hemoglobin levels are iron (Fe) and folic .
