ANTHR 1: Introduction To Physical Anthropology
ANTHR 1:Introduction to PhysicalAnthropologyLecture 1: Introduction and Chapter 11
Summary1. Class red tape and introduction2. Anthropology - An Overview3. Physical Anthropology - A Survey4. Physical Anthropology - A closer look5. Science - How Anthro fits into the Sciences6. The Anthropological Perspective7. Course overview2
1. Class red tape and introduction*The syllabus - we're reading ALL of it*Our bookJurmain R, Kilgore L, & W Trevathan. 2013-14. Essentials of Physical Anthropology. (9thedition). Belmond, CA: Wadsworth/Thomson Learning.*The -fall-lbcc/3
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2. Anthropology - A surveyAnthropology according to our book "The field of inquiry that studies human culture and evolutionary aspects of humanbiology; includes cultural anthropology, archaeology, linguistics, and physical, orbiological anthropology" (5p).*Four Subfields1. Cultural Anthropology2. Archaeology3. Linguistics4. Physical Anthropology5
2. Anthropology - A survey - Cultural AnthropologySubfield1. Cultural AnthropologyCulture - The set of learned behaviorstransmitted from generation to generationnongentically.For the purposes of this course: thebehavioral aspects of human adaptation. Thisincludes technology, traditions, ritual,language, marriage patterns, and socialroles.6
2. Anthropology - A survey - Cultural AnthropologySubfield1. Cultural AnthropologyFocusesEthnographies - descriptive studies of human societies(economic, ecological, social patterns)Cross-culture analysis - the accumulation ofethnographies allows cultural anthropologists to look at thesimilarities and differences among the different groupsbeing studiedHelp identify key human behaviors.7
2. Anthropology - A survey - ArchaeologySubfield2. ArchaeologyFocusesMaterial culture/artifacts - objects madeor modified by hominins-Examines past cultures through analyzingmaterial culture8
2. Anthropology - A survey - LinguisticsSubfield3. LinguisticsFocuses-Comparative analysis of languagesboth within and outside varioussocieties/social groups-History and origins of language9
3. Physical Anthropology - A Survey-The study of human biology in an evolutionary contextEmphasize - genetics, nutrition,development, tationsEspecially concerned with the relationshipbetween culture and biologySubfields of notePaleoanthropologyForensic AnthropologyPrimatology10
3. Physical Anthropology - A SurveyPhysical vs. Biological11
3. Physical Anthropology - A Survey-The study of humans in an evolutionary contextEmphasize - genetics, nutrition, development,ecology, specially concerned with the relationship betweenculture and biologyBiocultural Evolution - Our predisposition for culturemakes us unique from other species.-Interactive and mutual evolution of biology and cultureinformed human evolutionary history12
3. Physical Anthropology - A Survey - PaleoanthropologyPaleoanthropology - studies homininanatomical and behavioral evolution viathe fossil record-Studies early human and humanlikespecies-organize a chronological sequence assess the relationships between fossilspecimensHominins - Members of the evolutionarygroup which includes us and ournow-extinct biped relatives13
3. Physical Anthropology - A Survey - Paleoanthropology*Osteology - study of human skeletal material*Paleopathology - Specialized branch of osteologystudying evidence of disease and injury in humanremains - skeletal and even mummified.Neandertal Example - trauma comparable to rodeoriders?14
3. Physical Anthropology - A Survey - Forensic AnthropologyForensic Anthropology - Appliedanthropology dealing with legal matters- specifically identifying and analyzinghuman remains.Applied Anthropology Anthropological research and methodsapplied to address current issues andpractical problems.15
3. Physical Anthropology - A Survey - PrimatologyPrimatology - Studies the biology andbehavior of non-human primates(lemurs, lorises, tarsiers, monkeys, andapes)-nonhuman primates help us betterunderstand the earliest stages of ourown evolutionary history among otherthings.16
3. Physical Anthropology - A SurveyExtensive focus on these two subfields for this courseSubfields*Paleoanthropology*Primatology17
4. Scientific connects with Physical AnthropologyScience and Scientific Tools*Empirically orientated*Scientific Method*Hypotheses v Theories*Data collection*Disconfirmation falsification18
4. Scientific connects with Physical AnthropologyScientific Method1. Observe a new phenomena/Identify a problem2. Develop a tentative explanation - a hypothesis explaining the observation3. Test/analyze/research/collect data to test the hypothesis"Hypothesis testing is the very core of the scientific method" (20p)-Data - scientific information - the collection of observations, evidence, facts that inform our conclusion4. Develop a theory - revise hypotheses into a broader assertion about scientificrelationships or a collection of facts which informs research and withstandsrepeated scientific tests19
4. Scientific connects with Physical Anthropology*Science and Scientific Tools-Method to gather information in order to best explain the world around us.Induction - bottom up, probability, degrees of confidenceDeduction - top down, necessary truths, possibilityAbduction - Hypotheses compete for the title of "best explanation" for a givencollection of evidence, observations, and/or data20
4. Science connections with Physical Anthropology - Disconfirmation*Evidence is symmetricalIf you have evidence that can confirm a hypothesis you should have evidence thatcan disconfirm a hypothesis*Generate testable predictions*Ask what should we expect to see if our hypothesis were true?*Disconfirmability but still unfalsifiable - science does consider these types ofhypotheses, though it is much more difficult.21
4. Science connections with Physical Anthropology - Testing a hypothesis22
4. Science connections with Physical Anthropology - Testing a hypothesisConfirms the hypothesis - high frequency of head andneck injuries in Neandertal compared to humansDisconfirms the hypothesis - no difference in frequency ofhead and neck injuries between two groupsSince the hypothesis was first postulated.23
5. How Physical Anthropology fits into the SciencesPhysical anthropology examines many important questions looking at a broadercontext of our human evolutionary history across space and time.-Comparison of our characteristics to other species-Better understand the diverse human experiences biologically and behaviorally-Avoid ethnocentrism with a broader perspective*Holism - an emphasis on completeness and a consideration of the complexwhole - important to all of anthropology!SO MANY TOPICS SO MANY GOALS24
7. Course OverviewTopics*A survey of evolutionary biology and genetics*A survey of non-human primates*A survey of hominin evolutionary history*A survey of modern human adaptations and genetics25
7. Lecture Recap*Introduced myself*Went over the syllabus*Introduced anthropology*Brief survey of sub-fields*Focus on Physical Anthropology*Science informs PA26
Introduction to Physical Anthropology Lecture 1: Introduction and Chapter 1 1. Summary 1. Class red tape and introduction 2. Anthropology - An Overview 3. Physical Anthropology - A Survey 4. Physical Anthropology - A closer
Introduction ON THEComparative, Integrative and WAY TO PRET ORIA CONTENTS I Meaning and Natur e of Anthr opology · Etymology and Definitions · Bio-social nature Holistic nature · Anthropology as a Field Science II Major Branches of Anthr opology · Biological Anthropology · Social Cultural Anthropology · Archaeological Anthropology · Linguistic Anthropology
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