SUMERIAN TABLETS FROM UMMA - Internet Archive
SUMERIANTABLETS FROM UMMAINTHEJOHN RYLANDS LIBRARYMANCHESTERTRANSCRIBED, TRANSLITERATED, AND TRANSLATED BYBEDALE, M.A.C. L.LECTURERINASSYR1OLOGYINTHE UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTERWITH A FOREWORD BYC. H.W. JOHNS, M.A., Lrrr.D.MASTER OFST.CATHERINE'S COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGEWITH TEN PLATESMANCHESTER THE UNIVERSITY PRESSLONDON LONGMANS, GREEN & COMPANY, AND BERNARD QUARITCHNEW YORK, BOMBAY, CALCUTTA, MADRAS: LONGMANS, GREEN & COMPANY::1915
PRESENTED BYTHE TRUSTEES AND GOVERNORSOF THEJOHN RYLANDS LIBRARYMANCHESTER
SUMERIANTABLETS FROM UMMA
THE UNIVERSITY PRESS12LIME GROVE, OXFORD ROAD, MANCHESTERLONGMANS, GREEN & COMPANYLONDON 39 PATERNOSTER ROW E.C.443-449 FOURTH AVENUE, AND THIRTIETH STREETBOMBAY, CALCUTTA, MADRAS:NEW YORK:BERNARD QUARITCHiiGRAFTON STREET, NEW BOND STREET, LONDON\V.
No.2Obv.No. 8 Rev.No.16 Obv.No. 23 Obv.No. 39 Rev.No. 49 Obv.No. 36 Obv.No. 51 Obv.No. 56 Obv.No. 54 Obv.
SUMERIANTABLETS FROM UMMAINTHEJOHN RYLANDS LIBRARYMANCHESTERTRANSCRIBED, TRANSLITERATED, AND TRANSLATED BYC. L.LECTURERINBEDALE, M.A.ASSYRIOLOGYINTHE UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTERWITH A FOREWORD BYC. H.W. JOHNS, M.A.,MASTER OFST.Lrrr.D.CATHERINE'S COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGEWITH TEN PLATESMANCHESTER THE UNIVERSITY PRESSLONDON LONGMANS, GREEN & COMPANY, AND BERNARD QUARITCHNEW YORK, BOMBAY, CALCUTTA, MADRAS: LONGMANS, GREEN & COMPANY::1915
PRINTED INLETTERPRESS AND PLATESENGLAND AT THE OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS
PREFACETHE John RylandsLibrary is noted as a gathering-place of students andscholars attracted, not only from different parts of the United Kingdom but alsofrom other countries, by its treasures and by the opportunities which it affordsand research. Most fortunate of all are the members of the VictoriaUniversity and others living in the neighbourhood of Manchester, who, by thegenerosity of the Governors of the Library, have ready access to the abundantfor studymaterials for research in the various branches of learning. Among these arethe members of a little group of students whom the late Professor Hope W. Hoggintroduced some ten or twelve years ago to the fascinating study of Assyriology.For here they find not only an abundant and ever-increasing supply of theliterature dealing with the subject, but also a collection of tablets which stillawait decipherment and so provide a stimulus to original work. It was originallythe hope of the writer to assist Professor Hogg in editing the group of tabletsfrom which a number have been selected for publication in this volume.Professor Hogg's death, however, whereby British Assyriology sustained anMr. Guppy then entrusted the work toirreparable loss, destroyed this hope.the present editor, and the Reverend Canon C. H. W. Johns, Master ofSt. Catherine's College, Cantbridge, kindly promised his assistance and advice.This promise he has generouslygiving ungrudgingly both of his timeand of his knowledge whenever his counsel has been sought.To Mr. Guppy, also, the editor is greatly indebted for his unfailing kindnessand courtesy, andfulfilled,for the provision ofeveryfacility for thecompletion of thework.C. L.MANCHESTER,May1915.BEDALE.
FOREWORDTHEtexts of anumberof tablets fromUmma, acquired for the John RylandsProfessor H. W. HOGG, are here copied,Library by the foresight of the latetranscribed, and translated by the Reverend C. L. BEDALE, one of his pupils.These copies may be thoroughly relied upon as accurate renderings of theoriginal texts.The tablets are written in theSumerian language, and the personal namesare, with few exceptions, Sumerian and of the type familiar in the texts fromTelloh, Drehem, Nippur, &c. of the same period. A valuable collection of theTelloh names will be found in P. ENGELBERT HUBER'S work, Die Personennameninden Keilschrifttirkunden aus der Zeit der Konige vonUr undIsin (Leipzig,would occur atC. Hinrichs, 1907).But it was to be expected that new namesUmma, and these are a welcome addition. It is also of interest to note theJ.occurrence of a few Semitic names so far south in the Sumerian country.The nature of the transactions recorded is much the same as that whichsameMostof them, and allThe ancientof them it may be, are what are usually called temple accountsmuch as were the monasteries and otherBabylonian Temples werecharacterizes the tablets from Telloh of es.They hadlarge estates which theymanaged themselves. From these and the gifts of the faithful they received,There was a number ofyearly, large revenues; mostly in natural products.persons attached to the temple, priests, officers, and ministers of various sorts,who lived at the expense of the temple. The temple stewards were bound toamounts of food, and other allowances to the persons who had a customaryclaim on the temple. They were also bound to keep account of what theyreceived and furnished in this way. Also the servants, slaves, shepherds, andhusbandmen on the estates received allowances for wages and for the maintenanceof the flocks and herds of the temple.It was then the custom to write down a record of each transaction on behalfof the temple and the stewards or their scribes gradually accumulated vastnumbers of these memoranda, which they used to enter up periodically on largetablets, many of which survive, and may be regarded as ledgers giving bothFrom these accounts,receipts and expenditure for months or years together.furnish
FOREWORDviiicouldweexactly interpret them,we shouldgain a very clear notion of citylifein Babylonia.Any one whohas tried to study the various account books of the monasteriesin our own country will understand that in addition to the difficulties of decipherment, the entries even when read with certainty give rise to endless questions,often insoluble. The entries are not written as consecutive prose, nor with regardto literary rules of composition, but only with a view to conveying an intelligiblemeaning to those versed in such accounts. Local names for commodities, localmeasures, local saints or divinities, and many another detail will afford subjectsfirst editor must be content withfor research.giving a reliable transcript.AMr. BEDALE appears to have doneandthat can be expected of a first editorfor the elucidation of the obscurities which remain we must await theallpublication of more documents of the same nature. Comparison with the similardocuments of the same period from other sites such as Drehem, Nippur, andTelloh has alreadypatienceSowecan,far as Imade manymoreknow,a puzzle clear, butwe mustawait, withwhatUmma tablets to bemadeUmma texts.this is the first considerable lot ofavailable for study. I have reason to believe that thousands have reached theMuseums of Europe and America. These will, doubtless, ere long be published,and it is much safer to wait for the light they must throw on the texts here giventhan to attempt to force explanations with very inadequate sources of knowledge.Sumerian is still very inadequately known, and it is a great mistake to supposethat we can explain a compound word by our knowledge of its elements.Likeno way to bededuced from those of its] constituents. Much progress has been, and more willbe, made as the result of scientific study. Imaginative guessing is scarcely worthIt is not Mr. BEDALE'S fault, but a hopeful sign of his future success,printing.that he has left obscurities to the future and only tentatively suggested whatseemed reasonable enough, but may nevertheless be far from the truth.It is very pleasant to see signs of our own scholars once more attackingproblems to which our own countrymen, Rawlinson, Hincks, G. Smith, and Sayceonce contributed so greatly. Trained in a severer school, and blessed witha cautious disposition, the author has done what he could and is simply eager tolearn more from those who may take up his work. One can only trust that itmay be possible for him to devote his own energies to the revival of Assyriologyin England, and that he will not be left as his predecessors were to do the workand pay for it as well.C. H. W. JOHNS.a chemicalcompounditmayexhibitallsorts of characters in
RIPTION OF THE TABLETSLIST OF PROPERxiii.NAMESiTHE YEARSTHE MONTHS34TRANSLITERATION AND TRANSLATION**PLATESFACSIMILES OF TWELVE TABLETS IN COLLOTYPENINE PLATES OF HAND-COPIES OF THE TABLETSFacing,TitleAtend
INTRODUCTIONTHEhere copied and translated are part of a group of about two hundredbelonging to the John Rylands Library, Manchester. They have been selected for publicationbecause, with one exception, they contain the Umma month-names, a list of which was publishedfifty-eight tabletsby M. Thureau-Danginin theRevued' Assyria logic, vol. viii. p. 152f.period beginning with the forty-fourth year of Dungi and ending withthe third year of Ibi-Sinno less than thirty of them being dated in the reign of the last-namedThey extend over a;king.Ashave been arranged according to their contents.1. Nos. 1-23records of different kinds and quantities of food, either 'broughtout' for oxen, sheep, and asses.far as possible the tablets:in' or'given'(a)For oxen (Nos.The oxenSum.Delitzsch,The1-6).are divided into four classes: 'fine fat oxen' (gild nitdg stg; for sig ' fine' v.Glos. p. 242), 'fatoxen'''nitdg),food varies both in kind and in quantity forse (barley), du-sig and du-du.The element dumentioned'oxen (gud} and young oxen (amar-gud).the different classes.Three kinds of food are'(gudmay denote somepreparation oftheelementsgrain (cf.sig and duperhapsalso occur in A. O. 5646 (R.A. viii. p. 156), where different amounts of kas-sig and ka -du areThe daily allowance of food is as follows gud nitdg sig receive 6 ka of barley andrecorded.:4476 Br.'haSalu a s 'im)crushed grain';:30 ka of du-sig;gudreceive 14 ka of du-du;amar-gud receive 6 ka of du-du.Theusual20 ka of du-sig, but once (No. 5, obv. 1. 2) it is 30 ka of du-sig, andgud nitdgonce (No. 2, obv. 1. 5) 10 ka of du-sig and 10 ka of du-du while in No. 3, obv. 1. 4 and in No. 4oxen of this class receive the allowance of oxen of the first class but possibly in these two casesallowance foris;;the scribe should have written(6)ForTwogud nitdg stg.sheep (Nos. 7-23, except 16and20).'''(udu nitdg sig] and fat sheep (udunitdg).They receive the same kinds of food as the oxen, but in smaller quantities. The dailyallowance of barley was 1 f ka for udu nitdg stg and f ka for udu nitdg. From these two amountsthereisNo.2classes of sheep arementioned':fine fatsheepno variation. In the case of du-sig and du-du however, no two amounts aredu alone is given possibly it is intended to cover both du-sig and du-du.,1(c)alike.In;ForTheasses (Nos. 16, 20).totalamounts of food(barley) are given, but not the daily allowances.records of quantities of barley, barley-meal (Nos. 38-40), dim (?) (No. 26),and. gig (No. 31, obv. 1. 2)brought in, or given out, by and to different persons, and for various2.Nos. 24-40e.g. sowing (No. 32, obv. 11. 5, 8), wages (Nos. 32, obv.many cases the purpose is not specified.purposes5).In::1In some casesitisuncertain which of these two operations1.is6, 36, 37),implied.loans (Nos. 33-
INTRODUCTIONxiiNos. 41-7: records of various quantities of sa gi-zi for which the translation 'bundlesThe meaning might be reed mats' or 'reed baskets', but against thisissuggested.the fact that in No. 42, rev. 1. 2, they are described as food for fat sheep'.3.'of reeds''isThis renderingrecords of quantities of sheep-skins (?).to the fact that the sign is not clear on any of the tablets.Nos. 50-34.:isuncertain owingThese are described in No. 58, rev. 1. i, asNos. 56-8: records of groups of websters.The meaning of gi-fl, and, presumably,gi-fl (or ga-tu)-mal, and in Nos. 56 and 57 as gi-zi-tl-mal.of gi-zi-fl, is kuduru, dupSifcku (turban). The rendering suggested for the phrase is makers of5.'turbans (of reeds)'.The remaining6.(No. 49), a paymentfour tablets deal with different things date-wine (No. 48), sheepof silver (No. 54), butter and cheese (No. 55).:Theand kidsfollowing officials are mentioned: patesi (Nos. 15, 39), grand vizier (sukkal-magNos. 50, 53), royal bakerNo. 20), overseer, or scribe (pa Nos. 27, 47, 56-8), baker (niuNo.No.steward(mu lugal\20),(glr passim). Only three50), royal messenger (lu-ltin-gi-a-lugal;;;;of the'stewards'are mentionedmore thanonce,viz.Adda Anarnar, who seems;nitdg sig (e.g. No.19).have beenudu nitdg which formed theand Ur- Mami, who performed the same duties for the uduresponsible for the receipt and giving out of the food for the'regular offering' (e.g. No. 17);tod
DESCRIPTION OF THE TABLETSNote:Theup.1.2. :v.g.;30 x 25 xCondition;cl.f.cl.rev.;11.fair,'; inscribed,si.3chipped; lined;tablet in millimetres.inscriptiondrawn bylined' refers to lines;2,fairlyinscr.;si. slightlyv.g.xinscr. cl.;g.obv.;rev.;X30X10; rev.;down middlecorner, middler.27 x 26 x 13.Obv. Ir. 1. corner broken(rev.)lined;inscr. 511.;(obv.) 6(rev.)inscr.;cl.lined;inscr.11.;5(obv.)21.r.edge chippedinscr. cl.;lined;;11. 10; 1 1; 5(rev.)inscr.4 (obv.)14.si.inscr.chipped;cl.lined;;inscr.11.3 4(obv.) (rev.)7;Ir. 1. cornerrev. up. 1. corner broken and chippedchipped r. 11.81018elsewherecl.inscr.inscr.lined;40 x 33 x 15.edge chipped;(rev.)(obv.) Condition g. si. cracked; inscr. cl. lined; 11. inscr. 7 (obv.) 7 (rev.)14; 40 x 34 x 15.xCondition g. inscr. f. cl. lined 11. inscr. 8 (obv.) 5 (rev.) 1330 x 12.33SI. cracked; obv. 11. i, 2, rev. 11. 4, 6 chipped; inscr. f. cl.lined; 11. inscr. 4 (obv.) 6 (rev.) 10 33 x 30 x 14.;;;;;9.;14.rev.; crackedsi.5.7.lower14.Condition8. 5inscr. 5 (obv.)11.Ir.;scribe.14.Condition 5inscr.;f.;left1.;Condition v.g. 4. very good g. good right clearr.upper ;33x313.end of each description denote length x breadth x thickness of thefigures at .;81.n. Several chips on obv. andlined;12.Obv. 13.11.1.2,14.Obv.inscr.1. i6 (obv.)g.33X32X13.6.Conditiong.17.31 x 31 xCondition30 x 29 x8.Obv.1.19.Obv.1.1rev.bottom, rev. condition g.;; 1.7 (rev.)r.1.37*35 12;(rev.)and(rev.)corner broken;r.corner, up.r. 5inscr. 13;cl.f.;lined;;inscr. 711.(obv.) u(rev.) inscr.cl.;rev.Ir.edge chipped; lined;11.inscr.15-2 illegible; rev.13; 40 x 34 xedgesi.chippededgesi.cracked;;edge chipped; many signs obscure; inscr.4 (obv.) 3(rev.)11.inscr.5 2(rev.)(obv.) 4lined;11.inscr.lined;11.inscr. 5 (obv.)(obv.) 3(rev.) 7;14.4 chipped; rev. badly chippedxx2914.275Ir.8 (obv.)inscr.11.15.chipped; rev.Condition1x6 (rev.)5.1;lined;;;Obv. mostly obscured;6 (obv.)rev.cl.8 (obv.) 1 1 (rev.) 19 47 x 42 x 16.rev. 11. 9, 10 and 1. edge si. chipped; inscr. f. cl.inscr.37x3118;inscr.chipped;;chipped; rev. badly chipped;35 x 35 x 14. 8;inscr.inscr.;moderatelycl.;lined;11. inscr.2 (rev.)5 (obv.)7; 3
DESCRIPTION OF THE TABLETSxivCondition v.g. inscr. cl. lined 11.Obv. 11. 3, 4 chipped; r. and rev.20.;;21. (rev.)(obv.)g. 3Ir. 2 (rev.)inscr.edges chipped;7cl.26 x 24 x;lined;;10.inscr.11.4 (obv.) 530x25x12.9;Condition22. inscr. 5 (obv.);rev.;(rev.)edge has deep cut affecting37 x 34 x 14.Ir. 9;last sign; inscr.cl.lined;;11.6inscr.lined11.inscr. 5 (obv.) 5 (rev.)inscr. cl23. R. edge si. chipped, otherwise condition g. 10; 34X32X 14.inscr. f. cl.rev. four or five seal impressions (illegible)24. Obv. 11. 3, 4 and Ir. edge chipped unlined 11. inscr. 6 (obv.) 2 (rev.)8 36 x 38 x 1 1.;;;;;25. Condition26. Condition6;v.g.;v.g.;38x 37xObv.27.1.unlined29.Obv.Ir.;11.; inscr. 5 (obv.)i 6(rev.)rev. seal impression (legible);32 x 30 x;inscr. cl.;13.unlined;otherwise condition v.g. rev. seal impression (illegible) bet. 3 (rev.) 8 38 x 35 x 14.;inscr.;cl.;11.inscr.and211.3;7;;lined;corner broken,r.up.linedinscr. 5 (obv.)11.;cl.obv. only inscr.5 chipped,33X35X30.inscr.12.28. Condition v.g.Obv.;;;21.11.; 4inscr. 3 (obv.)chippedinscr.;cl.lined; (rev.)711.;42 x 36 x;16.inscr.4 (obv.) 3(rev.)inscr.4 5(rev.) 15-corner v.) 9;13.35.Obv. 1. edge broken; inscr. f. cl. lined; 11. inscr. 6 (obv.) 5 (rev.) n 38 x 40 x 15.Obv. and rev. chipped, esp. Ir. half of rev. inscr. in many places obscure lined, and vertical 13 48 x 39 x 17.line down middle of obv.11. inscr. 8(obv.) 5 (rev.)Obv. 1. 4, rev. 1. 3 chipped inscr. blurred, esp. rev. 11. 2, 3, by seal impressions, of whichthere are 5 on obv. and 4 on rev., all illegible unlined 11. inscr. 4 (obv.) 3 (rev.) 740 x 38 x ii.Obv. 1. 2 blurred, 1. 3 chipped rest of inscr. f. cl. rev. seal impression (illegible) between 11.i and 2unlined 11. inscr. 4 (obv.) 2 (rev.) 6 38 x 40 x 1 3.Obv. si. cracked; 1. edge chipped; inscr. cl. lined; 11. inscr. 4 (obv.) i (rev.) 5;36.32 x 30 .rev. up. corner;inscr. 5 (obv.)11.37. Condition g.inscr.;f.cl.;si. 2cracked(rev.) 7;;inscr.f.cl.45 x 45 x1rev.;two;7.obv. two, rev. one seal impression4 (obv.) 3 (rev.) 7 41 x 40 x 1 2.Obv. Ir. r. corner broken and chippedseal impressions (illegible)(all 39. Condition g.;inscr.;inscr. 3 (obv.)11.cl.;1.2inscr.; 2f.(rev.)cl. 5;;obv. five seal impressions, rev. one(all34 x 36 x u.rev. seal impression (legible);unlined11.;inscr.4(obv.) 2(rev.) 6; 37 x 36 x 12.rev.40. Condition g.xx40 34 15.;41.Obv. up. ir.(rev.)si.chippedr.edge, rev.x30 29 x 10.corner, 7;Ir. .cl.3;(obv.)lined 511.;(rev.) 8;inscr. 6 (obv.)unlined 11. inscr. 5 (obv.)seal impressions (illeg.) on obv. and rev.xx13.43 46(rev.)11.inscr.inscr. obscureobv. four seal impressions, rev. three unlined43. Badly broken 8xx1 4 (obv.) 4 (rev.)3.43 4342.Condition 5g. ;inscr. cl.10;;;;;;;;;
DESCRIPTION OF THE TABLETS44. Condition g.34 x 28 x45. Condition35 x 33 d;;cl.f.f.g.;52.Obv.cl.lined;inscr. 31.3i(obv.) inscr.4 (obv.) 3(rev.)inscr.6 (rev.)11.;11.;small hole(rev.)lined;(obv.) 4; 30 x 28 11.chipped; several2linedsi.partinscr.chipped;2, 3, 4, rev.inscr.1.7;1 7;317. 4(obv.)(rev.) 7;inscr.11.4 (obv.)f.cl.inscr. 5 (obv.)si. inscr.;inscr. 5 (obv.);lined; 511.; 2inscr.(rev.) 7;; cracks; illegible 6 29 x 28 x 13.2 (rev.); 76 (obv.)10; 27 x 26 x 12.marks between 11. 2 and(rev.)3;i;both sidesseal impressions;cut across last sign, 1. 2 chipped; rev. 1. i chipped, 1. 2 blurred, 11.26 x 23 x 13.inscr. f. cl.lined 11. inscr. 4 (obv.) 5 (rev.) 91. ilast sign, 1. 2 chippedcutObv.f. cl.,rev.acrossconditioninscr.54.g.,53. ;;Obv.;inscr.; 6Rev.obv.lined;r.;inscr.51.11.cl.edge deeply indented, not broken 10 48 x 37 x 13.4 (obv.)(rev.)obv. 11. 4, 5 si. chipped inscr. cl. lined 11.small cracks11.33x31 xi3.Obv. up. 1. corner chipped, 13; 41 x 34 x 15.(rev.)2,11.obv.;50.11.inscr.;15.Numerous49. Conditionchipped14-47. Conditionunlinedsi.edge15.46. Condition g.48.r.;xv5 chipped;3, 4,;;4 (obv.) 2 (rev.) 6 37 x 35 x 15.Conditionobv. 1. 2 si. hole; obv. four, rev. three, seal impressions55.g.unlined 11. inscr. 4 (obv.) 4 (rev.) 851x42x13.;lined;11.inscr.;;Obv.Ir.r.cornerinscr. 5 (obv.)57. Condition58.inscr.;cl.;;;56.(illegible)g.;Obv. 11. 3, 4,29 x 28 x 17. 4 9(rev.)inscr.rev.brokensi.1.f.cl.4,r.;;;rev.up.32 x 32 xlined;11.r.corner chippedinscr.moderatelycl.;lined;11.13.inscr. 5 (obv.)edge chipped;;inscr.f. 4(rev.)cl.lined;; 9; 32 x 30 x 14.11.inscr. 5 (obv.) 4(rev.) 9;
NAMESLIST OF PROPERi.dPersons.Lii- Dun-gi-ra, 33, 34.A.O. 5648 (R.A. viii. p. 52 ff).Lugal-e-mag-e, 34, 36, 38 A.O. 5648 (R.A.A-ab-ba-mu, 40.Lu-pal-sig, 31A-a-kal-la, 46.Ab-ba-gi-na, 2;1;A.O. 66o(R.A. viii.p.15646 (R.A.8,viii. p.10,n,A.O. 5646( . 4.nar-nar (R.A. viii.152ff.).p.152ff).Lugal-gar-si-e, 17, 50, 53, 55 (seal);cf.R.A.xi. i, p. 27.17, 18, 21,viii.viii. p.52 ff.).Ad-da, 24, 25, 26, 35, 40, 53, 56, 57; A.O.A-nar-nar,1;15222, 23,30;Lugal-ka-zi, 24.cf.Igi-Lugal-sib-a-za, 27.ff.);Lugal-[p. 87).An-ki, 36.Lugal.]-e,.32, 54.ga-ni, 37.An-na-gi-li-bi, 42.Mu-u-ma-ni, 24.Ba-an-sag, 26.dBa-sag, 49.Nannar-en-zu, 16.Ni-kal-la, 47, 50, 56, 57, 58.Ba-sig, 50.Bf-it,42;cf.Bi-it-tu,Trouv. Drdhcm 5508.Pa-gar-gar-e-ne,Da-a-ga, 37.(ifa proper name) 3 1.Ri-dam, 28.Da-a-gi, 40.Da-da-a, 35A.O. 5646 (R.A.;viii. p.152ff.).Tu-ni-mu,14, 28.Dingir-sukkal, 14.Tur-am-1-lf, 16.6-gal-e-si, 27.tJ-ma-ni, 29.-ur-bi-gi, 54.Ud-d X,44.Ur-am-ma,32.Gimil-1-li, 20.Ur-an-ma, 42.Gis-ba(?)-nig-ni, 55.Ur-d Babbar,29.Ur-d Dun-pa-e',32.Ur-gis-ginar, 32, 50, 53Gu-pi-pi, 42.A.O. 5646 (R.A.Ka-dingir-ra, 16.Ur- d Ma-mi,Ka-''X, 42.Ur-mi-ku, 27.Ur-sukkal, 50.Lu-dingir-ra, 14, 50, 53.Lu- d Dun-gi,Uru, 36.32.cf.viii. p.Lugal-gis-ginar,152ff).7, 13, 19, 21, 22, 23, 30.Ki-gu-du-du, 50.Ur-ur, 25.;
SUMERIAN TABLETS2dUru-mu,28.dddX-kam, 39dX-mu-du, 23.ddd2.Deities.dddBur-Sin, 51.DU(?).Dun-gi, 51.En-lil, 52.Gimil-Sin, 51.Gu-la, 46.Nin-ib, 52.Nin-ir-ra, 18, 51.X,8, 10,24.
THE YEARSDungi.Year 4445464755,,5758mu An-sa-an-ki ba-gul. 37, 49.mu us-sa An-sa-an-ki ba-gul. 25.mu u3-sa An-sa-an-ki ba-gul mu us-sa-bi. 24.mu bad ba-du (or 4th year of Gimil-Sin ?). 26.mu us-sa Si-mu-ru-um-ki Lu-lu-bu-um-ki a-du g-kammu u3-sa Ki-mas-ki ba-gul. 42.mu us-sa Ki-mas-ki ba-gul mu us-sa-bi. 27.ba-gul.36.Bur-Sin.Year,,i48mu d Bur- d Sin lugal. 28.mu en-[unu]-gal An-na ba-su.mu en Erida-ki ba-su. 16, 33,54.34, 38.Gimil-Sin.Year49mu us-sa Si-ma-num-ki ba-gul. 39.mu bdd Mar-tu ba-du. 48 (also 26 ?).mu e- d X ba-du. 14, 15, 29, 50.mu d X e [sic] Gis-ug-ki ba-du. 41.Ibi-Sin.YearI23mumumumumuddI-bi-Sin lugal.3, 10, 17,18, 19, 43, 47, 51, 52, 56, 57, 58.dlnnana Unug-ki mas-e-ni-pad.dus-sa en [Innana] mas-e-ni-pad.endi, 2, 4, 5, 6,23.dSin lugal-e Si-mu-ru-um-ki [ba-gul].Si-mu-ru-um-ki ba-gul.7, 8, 9.Year not givenYear illegible:I-bi-:31, 35, 40, 45, 46, 53.32.13.11,12, 20, 21, 22, 30, 44, 55.
THE -kuditu sfg24, 29; y4.6 . 5653.23; A.O. 5648.giS-i-ub ba-garitu Se-kar-ra-gal8,ituRIituSu-numunitumin-abA.O. 5660.4;20511, 26, 35, 37, 4.(7.;;39;5646.A.O. 5649. 4.C .5654.13, 21, 27, 28, 30, 38, 40,54;A.O. 5655itu e-itu-as3, 6, 10, 14, 16, 17, 18, 22, 31,32itu.36,43, 55; A.O. 5651.dNe-giin2, 9, 12, 25, 33, 44,58;A.O. 5650.ituEzen d Dun-gii, 7,19, 47. 56,57! 4.a 5662.itu pa-ii-e45, 46, 49- 50, 51, 52, 53;A.O. 5652.itudDumu-ziitu dirigA.O. 5647.34,4815,42; A.O. 5661.;
TRANSLITERATION AND TRANSLATION11.gud nitdg sig 6 ka se 30 ka du-sig-ta (2) 2 gud nitag 20 ka du-sig-ta (3) 5 gud 14 kadu-du-ta (4) 3 amar-gud 6 ka dii-du-ta (5) ud 29-511REV. (i) su-nigin i gur 222 ka se gur (2) su-nigin 12 gur 170 ka du sig gur (3) su-nigin 8 gur 152dka du-du gur (4) itu Ezen d Dun-gi (5) mu en lnnana Unug-ki mas-e-ni-pdd.OBV.(i)3gur 222 ka of barley, 12 gur 170 ka of du-stg, 8 gur 152 ka of du-du the total amountsof food for 3 fine fat oxen at 6 ka of barley, 30 ka of du-stg each per day, 2 fat oxen at 20 ka ofdu-stg each per day, 5 oxen at 14 ka of du-du each per day, and 3 young oxen at 6 ka of du-duieach per day, for a period of 29 days.Date2nd year of Ibi-Sin:month Ezen d Dun-gi.;2.ka se 30 ka du-sig-ta (2) i gud nitd 20 ka du-sig-ta (3) ud 17-511 (4) 3gud nitdg sig 6 ka se 30 ka du-sig-ta (5) 2 gud nitdg 10 ka du-sig 10 ka du-du-taREV. (i) ud 12-su (2) su-nigin i gur 222 ka se gur (3) su-nigin 10 gur 190 ka du-sig gur (4) suddnigin 240 ka du-du (5) itu Ne-giin (6) mu en lnnana Unug-ki mds-e-ni-pdd.OBV.gud nitdg(i) 3sig 6gur 222 ka of barley, 10 gur 190 ka of du-stg, 240 ka of du-du the total amounts of foodoxen at 6 ka of barley 30 ka of du-sig each per day, and i fat ox at 20 ka of du-stgper day, for a period of 1 7 days and for 3 fine fat oxen at 6 ka of barley 30 ka of du-stg each perday, and 2 fat oxen at 10 ka of du-sig 10 ka of du-du each per day, for a period of 12 days.ifor 3 fine fat;Date2nd year of Ibi-Sin:;monthdNe-giin.3.OBV. (1)4 gud nitdg sig 6 ka se 30 ka du-sig-ta (2) i gud nitdg 20 ka du-sig-ta2nitdg 6 ka se 30 ka du-sig-ta (5) i gud nitdg 20 ka du-sig-taREV.(i)ud23-311 (2) sii-niginitu-as (5)muddI-bi-gur 282 ka se guri(3)su-nigin1 1(3)ud7-311 (4)gur 210 ka du-sig gur3gud(4) itu e-Sin lugal.gur 282 ka of barley, 1 1 gur 210 ka of du-sig the total amounts of food for 4 fine fat oxenat 6 ka of barley 30 ka of du-stg each per day, and i fat ox at 20 ka of du-sig per day, for a periodof 7 days and for 3 fat oxen at 6 ka of barley 30 ka of du-stg each per day, and i fat ox ati;20 ka of du-stg per day, for a period of 23 days.Date1:istThe methodyear of Ibi-Sinof transliterationDelitzsch, Sumerisches Glossar.;monthemployed-itu-as.isthatof2The amount ofthe daily allowance suggests the omis-sion of sig by scribal error.
SUMERIAN TABLETS64.OBV.1gud nitag 6 kaud 9-su(r) 2(4)REV.(2)ud 2o-sugud(3) 36 ka Se 30 ka du-sig-ta1nitag2gur IO3 ka Se gur (2) su-nigin 6 gur 210 ka du-sig gurdSe-kar-ra-gal (5) mu en lnnana Unug-ki mas-e-ni-[pad].(i) Sii-niginituka du-sig-taSe 30i(3) Sa-galgudnitag (4)32gur iO3 ka of barley, 6 gur 210 ka of du-sig the total amounts of food for 2 fat oxen at6 ka of barley 30 ka of du-stg each per day, for a period of 20 days and for 3 fat oxen 3 at 6 ka ofbarley 30 ka of du-sig each per day, for a period of 9 days.Date 2nd year of Ibi-Sin month e-kar-ra-gdl.i;:;5.4nitag sig 6 ka Se 30 ka dii -ta (2) iREV. (i) Sti-nigin i gur 222 ka Se gur (2) sii-niginOBV.gud(i) 3dgud4nitdg 30 ka du -ta (3)gur 180 ka du-sig gur1 1ud29-311(3) ituRI(4)muenlnnana Unug-ki maS-e-ni-pad.igur 222 ka of barley, 1 1 gur 180 ka of du-stg the total amounts of food for 3 fine fat oxenka of barley 30 ka of du-stg each per day, and for i fat ox at 30 ka of du-sig per day, for aperiod of 29 days.Date 2nd year of Ibi-Sin month RI,at 6:;6.4 gud 14 ka du-du-ta (2) i amar-gud 6 ka du-du-ta (3) ud 2-su (4) 7 x gud 14 ka du-du(5) i amar-gud 6 ka du-du (6) [ud] 6-su (7) x gud 14 ka du-du-ta (8) x amar-gud 6 ka du-duREV. (i) [ud x] -Su (2) \x gud 14] ka du-du-ta (3) [i amar-gud 6] ka du-du-ta (4) ud i-su (5) x gudOBV.(i)14 ka du-du(6)(9) [itu e]-itu-asTotal amountamar-gud 6 ka du-du (7) ud 19-511 (8) su-nigind(10) [mu] en lnnana Unug-ki mas-e-ni-pad.ixgurx of du-du for four lots of oxen and young oxenance for the former being 14 ka, for the latter 6 ka.Date 2nd year of Ibi-Sin month -ii(illegible):52 ka du-du gurthe daily allow-;7.OBV.(i)43 udu nitag(5) du-sig-biREV.sig i ka58 ka 3 gin(6)kagin du-sig-ta (3) 10 gin du-du-tadu-du-bi 7 ka 10 gin (7) ud i-kam ud 3O-use-ta (2) i Ika se gur (2) su-nigin 5 gur 241! ka du-sigudu nitag sig (5) gir Ur-d Ma-mi (6) itu Ezen d Dun-gi (7)(i) Su-nigin 6 gur 135(4)a-gal(4) se-bi64! ka215 ka du-duSi-mu-ru-um-ki ba-gul.(3) su-niginmu6 gur 135 ka of barley, 5 gur 24 1 ka of du-sig, 215 ka of du-du the total amounts of food43 fine fat sheep, for a period of 30 days, at i ka of barley, i ka i gin of du-stg and 10 ginof dii-du each per day the daily totals being 64! ka of barley, 58 ka 3 gin of du-stg and 7 ka 10for;gin of du-duDate1gud*::steward Ur-d Ma-mi.3rd year of Ibi-SinThe amount;month Ezen d Dun-gi.of food suggests that the reading should be3'nildfe sig.Should be 102ka.Probably forFor du-sig.'fine fatoxen'.
TRANSLITERATION AND TRANSLATION78.OBV.30-311 (7) se-biREV.(i) du-du-bi 5ituf ka se-ta (3) f ka 6 gin du-sig-ta (4) ka du-du-ta2 gur 1 50 ka gur (8) du-sig-bi 6 gur 1 50 ka gur150 udu nitag(i)X(5)mu1(2)dgur (2) sa-gal udu nitag sa-dugSi-mu-ru-um-ki ba-gul.X u sd-dug dingir-ri-ne(5)(3)ud i-kam(6)udki-A-nar-nar-ta (4)the total amounts of12 gur 150 ka of barley, 6 gur 150 ka of du-sig and 5 gur of du-duAfood for 150 fat sheep, the regular offerings forand for the gods, for a period of 30 days, at fka of barley, ka 6 gin of du-sig and ka of du-du each per day from A-nar-nar.Date 3rd year of Ibi-Sin month X.X::;9.OBV.(i)REV.ka 6 gin(i) ud i-kam ud43 [udu nitag siggursigkaif]se-ta (2) if29-311 (2) su-nigin(4) sa-galudu nitagsig (5)ka2gin du-sig-ta (3) se-bi 64! ka (4) du-sig-bi 65!6 gur yo ka se gur (3) su-nigin 6 gur H2 ka 4 gin duitu Ne-giin (6) mu Si-mu-ru-um-ki ba-[gul].6 gur yo ka of barley and 6 gur 1 12 ka 4 gin of du-sig total amounts of food for 43 finefat sheep for a period of 29the dailydays, at [i ] ka of barley, if ka 2 gin of dii-sig each per daytotals being 64! ka of barley and 65! ka 6 gin of du-stg.:Date:3rd year of Ibi-Sindmonth;Ne-giin.10.OBV.(i)180 udu nitag (2) f ka se-ta30-311 (7) se-biREV.15guritu e-itu-as (5)muka du-sig-ta(8) du-sig-bi [6](i) du-du-bi 7 gur (2) sa-gald(3) fdI-bf-gurudu nitag sa-dugA(4) ka 3! gin du-du-taX u sa-dug(5)ud i-kam(6)uddingir-ri-ne (3) ki-A-nar-nar-ta (4)Sin lugal.the total amounts of food for 180 fat15 gur of barley, [6] gur of dil-stg and 7 gur of du-duAand for the gods, for a period of 30 days, at f ka of barley,sheep, the regular offerings forkaofand du-stg ka 3 gin of du-du each per day from A-nar-nar.X:Date:ist year of Ibi-Sinmonth;8-itu-a .11.90 udu nitag f ka se-ta (2) ka du-sig \ ka 3! gin du-du-ta (3) ud i-kam ud 15-311 (4) sebi 3 gur 225 ka gur (5) du-sig-bi 3 gur (6) du-du-bi 2 gur 150 ka gur (7) 60 udu nitdg ka se(8) [i ka du-sig ka du-du-ta]RKV. (i) ud i-kam ud i5-[su] (2) se-bi 2 gur 150 ka (3) du-sig-bi 3 [gur] (4) du-du-bi 2 gur 150 kaOBV.(i)(5)(8)dsu-nigin 6 gur 75a-galuduka se gur(6) su-niginnitdg sa-[dug6 gur] (9)dii-siggur(7)su-nigin 5 gur du-du gurki-A-nar-nar-ta (10) itu sii-numun (i i)muenlnnana [Unug]-ki ma-e-ni-pad. g ur 75 ka of barley, 6 gur of du-stg and 5 gur of du-duthe total amounts of food for two1viz. one lot of 90 sheep at ka of barley, \ ka of du-sig5 dayslots of fat sheep, forperiods of:and ka 3! gin of du-du each per day, and the other lot of 60 sheepdu-sig and ka of du-du \ each per day from A-nar-nar.Date 2nd year of Ibi-Sin month hi-numun.::;at ka of barley,[ika of
SUMERIAN TABLETS812.OBV.REV.84 udu nitdg (2) f- ka [se-ta] (3)6ka 5 gin du-ta (7) ud 12-su( ) Ii(i)107 udu nitdg f ka se-ta(i)(2)ka 18 gin du-ta(4)ud 8-su2 gin du-ta (3)ud3-811kai12
sumerian tabletsfromumma inthe johnrylandslibrary manchester tran
75 Sumerian cubits of 19.8" 72 Egyptian cubits of 20.625" 36 Mayan hunabs (Egyptian double cubits) 10 Sumerian cubits of 19.8" 12 Sumerian cubits of 19.8" 360 Sumerian shusi of 0.66" half the width of the interior of the El Castillo temple 18 Sumerian yards of 33.0" 30 Sumerian cubits of 19.8" 45 Sumerian feet of 13.2"
On January 22 we published the ‘Etymological Dictionary of Hungarian (EDH)’ electronically written by Professor Alfréd Tóth. Present volume, entitled ‘Hungarian, Sumerian and Egyptian. — Hungarian, Sumerian and Hebrew. Two Addenda to Etymological Dictionary
Sumerian Dictionary, e.g. du, du2, du3, du4, etc. Since the system of accents is still current in Sumerological literature, however, it is vital that the beginner become familiar with it, and so it has been maintained here. B. Upper and Lower Case, Italics, and Brackets In unilingual Sumerian contexts, Sumerian words are normally written in .
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The Ur III period was known for its revival of Sumerian culture.1 Some even suspect that this “Sumerian renaissance was deliberately promoted.”2 Nesbit explained that although the civilization of this period in the area of Ur was Sumerian, it was also to a large extent Semi
The 165 foot stade was a Sumerian measurement unit and consisted of 100 Sumerian cubits of 19.8" so each allotment of 10 stades had a side of 1,000 cubits. In order to further confirm the use of Sumerian stades and cubits, this page examines some of the parallel canals
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Walking is mainly on rough paths, tracks and grass, which may be muddy at times. There are two stiles and four kissing gates and some short steep slopes, but generally gently undulating. The walk starts close to Moor Park station on the Metropolitan line and ends at Hatch End station with trains to Euston and Harrow & Wealdstone. The highlights of this walk are the Old Furze Wood, the 97 .
