PREFACE - Chinese Medicine Regulatory Office Department

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PREFACEI am pleased to present the fourth edition of the Hong Kong Chinese Materia Medica Standards.Launched in 2002, the Hong Kong Chinese Materia Medica Standards aim to provide referencestandards on commonly used Chinese Materia Medica (CMM), to ensure the quality of raw materials used forproduction of proprietary Chinese medicines, and to enhance the safety of CMM. The Standards also facilitatethe research and development of Chinese medicine.According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), the use of traditional medicine has surged in manydeveloped and developing countries since 1990. Indeed, the WHO Regional Strategy for Traditional Medicine inthe Western Pacific (2011–2020) calls upon the WHO Member States to maximize the potential and the universalaccess to health services of traditional medicine for the people of the Region.  It is a public health priority topromote the access and the use of safe and effective traditional medicine through developing standards of quality,safety and efficacy. The Standards, therefore; stand in good stead to achieve these aims. In the 2011/12 PolicyAddress, the Chief Executive of Hong Kong SAR Government reaffirmed the commitment to develop HongKong Chinese Materia Medica Standards for 200 CMM by 2012.Since the first publication in 2005, the Hong Kong Chinese Materia Medica Standards are increasinglyquoted by local and overseas authorities, organisations, and the industry.  This reflects a wide recognitionof the robust scientific process in developing the Chinese Materia Medica standards.   An InternationalAdvisory Board, which was set up in 2002 and comprising international experts, provides invaluable advice onprinciples, methodologies, parameters and analytical methods for the development of Hong Kong ChineseMateria Medica Standards. As of today, the International Advisory Board has evaluated and endorsed thestandards for 98 CMM.The fourth edition contains reference standards for 36 CMM. While adopting similar presentation formatsfrom previous publications, we are mindful of the latest technological advances and the need for environmentalprotection. Thus, the use of green chemistry (e.g. avoiding the use of chloroform and benzene) and thenew testing techniques, such as Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry have been implemented in thelaboratory research. As we move towards our quest for excellence in the Chinese medicine research, I amconfident that Hong Kong Chinese Materia Medica Standards will be increasingly adopted by the industryfor the authentication of Chinese medicine.In order to bring in more expertise for the extensive development of the Chinese medicine research,we look beyond Hong Kong for further collaboration. In 2011, we signed cooperation agreements with thei

National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, PRC and the China Medical University of Taiwan to developreference standards for the next phase of the Standards Project.Our success cannot be achieved without the support of International Advisory Board, its EditorialBoard and our partners. My indebtedness goes to the Government Laboratory of the HKSAR, as well as theresearch teams of the six universities, namely the Chinese University of Hong Kong, the City University of HongKong, the Hong Kong Baptist University, the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, the Hong Kong University ofScience and Technology and the University of Hong Kong.  My gratitude also goes to the State Administrationof Traditional Chinese Medicine, the State Food and Drug Administration and the Chinese PharmacopoeiaCommission of the People’s Republic of China for their advice on the development of the Standards, and theirpermission to adopt the information from the Chinese Pharmacopoeia to the Standards.Chinese medicine, which has been used for thousands of years, is of great benefit to mankind. With ourjoint effort, the Hong Kong Chinese Materia Medica Standards will continue to contribute to the use ofevidence-based, safe and quality Chinese medicine in the population. iiDr P Y LAM Director of HealthJanuary 2012

Members of the International Advisory BoardProf. David BRIGGSAdjunct Professor, Centre for Complementary Medicine Research,Prof. NuntavanProfessor in Pharmacognosy,University of Western Sydney, AustraliaBUNYAPRAPHATSARAFaculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, ThailandProf. Kelvin K. C. CHANJoint Chair Professor of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Consultant on medicinal plants at Thailand Research FundCentre for Complementary Medicine Research, University of WesternSydney and Herbal Medicine Research & Education Centre,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sydney,Sydney, New South Wales, AustraliaDr. Peter CHANDirector General, Health Evaluation Directorate,Prof. Chun-tao CHEAdjunct Professor, School of Chinese Medicine,Prof. Norman R. FARNSWORTHResearch Professor of Pharmacognosy,Prof. Harry H.S. FONGProfessor Emeritus of Pharmacognosy,Pest Management Regulatory Agency, Health Canada, CanadaThe Chinese University of Hong KongCollege of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, U.S.A.Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences,Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy; andWHO Collaborating Center for Traditional Medicine;College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, U.S.A.Prof. em. Dr. Gerhard FRANZChairman of the European TCM Working Party,EDQM-Strasbourg (France),University of Regensburg, Department of Pharmacy, 93040Regensburg (Germany)Dr. Yukihiro GODAHead, Division of Pharmacognosy,Phytochemistry and Narcotics, National Institute of Health Sciences,JapanProf. Shiu-ying HUHonorary Professor of Chinese Medicine,School of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kongiii

Dr. Ping-yan LAMDirector of Health, Hong Kong SARDr. Chau-ming LAUGovernment Chemist, Government Laboratory, Hong Kong SARDr. Gerard LEEGroup Manager, BP & Laboratory Services,(Chairman of IAB)Inspection & Standards Division,Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (MHRA),United KingdomProf. Rui-chao LINDirector, Division of Chinese Materia Medica and Natural Products,National Institutes for Food & Drug Control, State Food and DrugAdministration (SFDA), The People’s Republic of ChinaProf. Zhi-xiang SHEN M. D.President of China Association of Research and DevelopmentDr. Gloria TAMDeputy Director of Health, Hong Kong SARProf. Hildebert WAGNERProfessor, Department of Pharmacy,of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The People’s Republic of ChinaCenter of Pharma Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University,GermanyDr. Xiao-pin WANG M.D.Director General, Office of Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan Affairs,Department of International Cooperation, State Administration ofTCM, The People's Republic of ChinaProf. Pei-gen XIAOHonorary Director, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development(IMPLAD)Director, Research Centre on Utilization and Conservation of ChineseMateria Medica, State Administration of TCM,The People’s Republic of ChinaProf. Zhong-zhen ZHAOProfessor, Course Director-Bachelor of Pharmacy (Hons) inChinese Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine,Hong Kong Baptist UniversityDeceased MemberProf. Norman R. FARNSWORTH(Remark: The list is arranged in alphabetical order of last name)iv

Members of the Scientific Committee(including those overseas and mainland IAB members who participated in the Scientific Committee meetingsduring their visits to Hong Kong)Prof. Kelvin K. C. CHANJoint Chair Professor of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Centre for Complementary Medicine Research, University of WesternSydney and Herbal Medicine Research & Education Centre,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sydney,Sydney, New South Wales, AustraliaProf. Chun-tao CHEAdjunct Professor, School of Chinese Medicine,Dr. Hon-yeung CHEUNGAssociate Professor, Research Group for Bioactive Products,Prof. Harry H.S. FONGProfessor Emeritus of Pharmacognosy,The Chinese University of Hong KongDepartment of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong KongProgram for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences,Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy; andWHO Collaborating Center for Traditional Medicine;College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, U.S.A.Mr. Robert LAWSenior Pharmacist,Department of Health, Hong Kong SAR(Chairman of Scientific Committee)Prof. Rui-chao LINDirector, Division of Chinese Materia Medica and Natural Products,National Institutes for Food & Drug Control, State Food and DrugAdministration (SFDA), The People’s Republic of ChinaProf. Ricky Y.K. MANChair Professor, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy,Prof. Karl W.K. TSIMProfessor and Head, Department of Biology,The University of Hong KongDirector, Center for Chinese Medicine R&D,The Hong Kong University of Science and Technologyv

Prof. Kwok-yin WONGDean of the Faculty of Applied Science and Textiles,Prof. Zhong-zhen ZHAOProfessor, Course Director-Bachelor of Pharmacy (Hons) inThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityChinese Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine,Hong Kong Baptist UniversityGovernment Chemist and/orhis representativesGovernment Laboratory, Hong Kong SAR(Remark: The list is arranged in alphabetical order of last name)Members of the Editorial BoardProf. Chun-tao CHEAdjunct Professor, School of Chinese Medicine,Dr. Hon-yeung CHEUNGAssociate Professor, Research Group for Bioactive Products,Mr. Robert LAWSenior Pharmacist,The Chinese University of Hong KongDepartment of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong KongDepartment of Health, Hong Kong SAR(Chairman of Editorial Board)Prof. Guo-an LUODirector, Modern Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Institute of Biomedicine, Tsinghua University,The People’s Republic of ChinaChinese Medicine Officer, Department of Health, Hong Kong SARProf. Ricky Y.K. MANChair Professor, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy,Prof. Karl W.K. TSIMProfessor and Head, Department of Biology,The University of Hong KongDirector, Center for Chinese Medicine R&D,The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyProf. Bao-qin WANGProfessor, Division of Chinese Materia Medica and Natural Products,National Institutes for Food & Drug Control, State Food and DrugAdministration (SFDA), The People's Republic of ChinaChinese Medicine Officer, Department of Health , Hong Kong SARvi

Prof. Kwok-yin WONGDean of the Faculty of Applied Science and Textiles,Prof. Zhong-zhen ZHAOProfessor, Course Director-Bachelor of Pharmacy (Hons) inThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityChinese Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine,Hong Kong Baptist University(Remark: The list is arranged in alphabetical order of last name)vii

Kong Chinese Materia Medica Standards for 200 CMM by 2012. Since the first publication in 2005,the Hong Kong Chinese Materia Medica Standards are increasingly quoted by local and overseas authorities, organisa

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