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DOCUMENT RESUMEED 074 802AUTHORTITLEINSTITUTIONFL-003 72.5DeNunzic, VincentA Course in Spoken English for Navajos: Second YearProgram. Language Laboratory No. II.Bureau of Indian Affairs (Dept. of Interior),Washington, D.C.PUB GATENOTE67429p.EDRS PRICEDESCRIPTORSMF- 0.65 HC- 16.45Cultural Enrichment; English; *English (SecondLanguage); *Instructional Materials; LanguageDevelopment; Language Enrichment; *LanguageInstruction; *Language Laboratory Use; Lesson Plans;Navaho; Oral English; Pattern Drills '(Language);,Phonetics; *Phonics; Second Language Learning; SpeechSkillsABSTRACTThis manual rresents lesson plans for a second yearcourse in spoken English for Navahos, based upon one hour ofinstruction five days a week. It contains a review of troublesomesounds, conversational dialogues, and work with the grammaticalstructure of spoken English. Actual conversational situations areused to teach the speaking patterns necessary to function in a givensituation. Automatic two- and three-way exchanges are also used. Themanual concentrates on phonics, cultural enrichment through thepresentation of prose and poetry, and exercises to increase skills inspoken English. Included are plans for work in the languagelaboratory. (Author/SK)

U.S. DEPARTMENT Of HEALTH, EDUCATION & WELFAREOFFICE OF EDUCATIONTHIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRODUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM THEPERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIGINATING IT.POINTS OF VIEW OR OPINIONSSTATED DO NOT NECESSARILY REPRESENT OFFICIAL OFFICE OF EDUCATIONPOSITION OR POLICY.

UNITED STATESDEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIORSTEWART L. UDALL, SECRETARYBUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRSROBERT L. BENNETT, COMMISSIONERDIVISION OF EDUCATIONCHARLES N. ZELLERSASSISTANT COMMISSIONER (EDUCATION)

LANGUAGE LABORATORY NO. HforA COURSE IN SPOKEN ENGLISH FOR NAVAJOSDesigned for Navajos with 3rd to 7th grade reading achievementwho are learning to speak English as a second language.Prepared by Vincent De Nunzio, Education SpecialistIntermountain. School, Brigham City, UtahUnited StatesDepartment of the InteriorBureau of Indian AffairsDivision of Education1967Printing of the course material was made possible throughfunds provided by Title I of the Elementary andSecondary Education Amendments of 1966.ii

ACKNOWLEDGMENTSFor the help provided in the preparation of this course, and to those who have granted permission for use of material, grateful acknowledgment is made to the following:Mr. Kenneth Croft, American University Language CenterMr. Robert J. Dixson, Teacher of English as a Foreign Language, English Language Services, Inc.Georgetown University's Institute of Languages and LinguisticsDr. Yao Shen, University of HawaiiMr. Mario Volante, Regents Publishing CompanyMr. Robert W. Young, Bureau of Indian AffairsAllen and Allen, Review Exercises for English as a Foreign Language, T. Y. Crowell andCompany, New York, Copyright 1965. Reprinted by permission of T. Y. Crowell Co.Dixson, Robert J., Regents English Workbook I and II, Regents Publishing Company, Inc.,New York. Copyright 1956.Gordon, Morton J. and Wong, Helene H., A Manual of Speech Improvement, PrenticeHall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, Copyright 1961.Hamm, Agnes Curren, Choral Speaking Technique, The Tanner Press, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, Copyright 1951.Hansen, Halvor P. and Pierce, Lulu H., Speak to Learn, Stockton Unified School District,California, Copyright 1966.McLean, Margaret P., Good American Speech, E. P. Sutton and Company, Inc., Copyright1928, 1941, -1952, 1956.AndMrs. L )1ores D. Williams, Teacher (Elementary), Intermountain School for compilation ofclassroom lesson enrichment materials.Mr. Carl A. Vicenti, Art Instructor, Intermountain School for illustration.Mr. Paul Ewa lin, Training Instructor, Intermountain School for illustration adaptations.Mr. and Mrs. Donald. McClanefor editorial assistance and for recording the program.Mrs. Vincent De Nunziofor preparation of the manuscript.Members of the Intermountain School'E.S.L. team and other alliedMr. Patrick Ercolin, Language Laboratory InstructorMrs. Dolores D. Williams, Language Laboratory InstructorMrs. Genevie Smith, Speech Therapist,Mrs. Maizie Johnson, Teacher, E.S.L.iii'f members.

INSTRUCTIONAL MANUALforSecond Year Program lc"This manual contains a review of troublesome sounds, conversational dialogues, and adeeper involvement of the grammatical structure of spoken English. Actual conversationalsituations are used to teach the speaking patterns necessary to function in a given situation.Students are required to produce quick, accurate responses without help. Automatic twoand three way exchanges are also used. In general, this book speeds up the exposure andprovides experience in refining talking skills. Self-evaluation is used frequently.The second year program can be adapted for use with the more verbal speaker withoutfirst going through Book 1. However, it is not recommended for use with non-verbal students, or students who have many incorrect talking habits. You are encouraged to referfrequ'ently to the first year program and the teacher's manual.iv

SECOND YE.o.R PROGRAMTABLE OF CONTENTSFirst Week Lesson PlanQuestions and Answers:, The Short 00 and "TH" SoundsConversation: Listening Practice, Review of The Sounds"E" And "R" Review Past and Future of Irregular Verbs andContractionsTape 8910-0 Evaluation Tape (oral)Tape 8910-W E.S.L. Student EvaluationThe Short oo SoundThe Voiced and Voiceless TH SoundSomething About Navajo HistoryPractice These Pairs: /u/ /uw/Practice Words and Sentences For 0 and tPractice for /ae/ as in "':)ad"First Week EnrichmentSecond Week Lesson PlanQuestions and Answers The "TH" and Final "S" SoundsColumbus, MillerQuiz No. 2 Listening Practice: /s/ /z/ and /iz/Listening Practice Adjectives: Comparative FormsComparison of AdjectivesThe Village Blacksmith, LongfellowSecond Week EnrichmentComparison of AdjectivesThere Is; There areThird Week Lesson PlanIndirect Statements Review Pronunciation' FinalConsonant Clusters; Final S'Pronunciation, Review Drills Vowel SoundsIdiomatic Verb Phrases "Used to" "Going To" PronunciationReview Drills Final "S" SoundsHiawatha, LongfellowFinal "S, EZ and Z" SoundsBarbara Frietchie, WhittierThird Week EnrichmentFourth Week Lesson PlanImperative Mood Commands and Requests. PronunciationReview DrillAn Aesop FableIn Flanders Fields, McCraeReview of Pronouns: Listening PracticeDipthong 641642646641650

Fifth Week Lesson Plan653Going Out For Enjoyment:Final SoundsThe Ballad of William Sycamore, BenetShoppingSixth Week Lesson Han665Direct and Indirect Statements Retention Practice; ListeningDiscrimination Drills; The "TH".Sound ReviewVisiting the DoctorPronunciation Review: The /KL/ SoundSixth Week EnrichmentThe Package, FisherThe Old Woman, AnonymousYours And Mine, Risser666670677680680680681Seventh Week Lesson PlanTelling About Past Experiences'Listening Practice With The "Final S" SoundsTest Tape No. 1Writing Letters. The "NG" SoundSea Fever, MasfieldLanding Of The Pilgrim Fathers, HemansJohn F. Kennedy's Inaugural AddressStopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening, FrostSeventh Week Enrichment (9)The Tide Rises The Tide Falls, LongfellowThe Cataract of Lodore, SoutheyOctober, WilloughbyJack 0 Lantern, AyerEighth Week Lesson PlanConditional Sentences654658659Intonation PracticeStressIntonationT and D SoundsNoonday Sun, Jackson and JacksonAbraham Lin-coln, Benet and BenetEighth Week EnrichmentConditional SentencesIntonationDipthong Contrasts DialoguesHistory of Halloween, PedersenSomeone, DeLa 19720720721721724725726728729Ninth Week Lesson PlanReview of Questions: PronunciationPractice /pt/ /kt/ /ft/ endingsTag Endings730Pronunciationvi

PracticeSimilesFinal Consonants735Final /sts/ and sks/ Soundspt, kt, ft, st, sht, chtThe Arrow And The Song, LongfellowAmerica For Me, Van DykeTag EndingsShort AnswersHow Indian Corn Caine Into The World (An Ojebway Legend)ThanksgivingThanksgiving, BlanckeThanksgiving Day, ChildThanksgiving Hymn, AnonymousCoyote and CrowThe Spirit of The CornHomeFood (Thanksgiving)If I Were A Pilgrim Child, BennettBe Thankful Unto Him Psalm 100The Sound of /9/Tenth Week Lesson PlanTest Tape No. 2Dialogues: On the Bus ; Looking for An Apartment Did" With the Past TenseA Visit-From St. Nicholas, MooreTenth Week EnrichmentS, Z, IZEleventh Week Lesson Plan74074474574574674774874975075075075 I751752752753753753755756759763764765767Relative ClausesPronunciation Review, The "CL" And Final "T"ReviewIf I Were A Pilgrim Child, BennettI Am An AmericanFinal /s/ EnrichmentTwelfth Week Lesson Plan-768773778778779783Dialogues: Ordering Breakfast, Ordering LunchReview Of Relatives'Pronunciation:' Review of ReadingDialogues: At The. Basketball GameThirty Thousand Thoughtless BoysJingleThere Isn't Time, FarjeonThe Christmas Story,.Saint LukeThirteenth Week Lesson Plan784788791791791791793Miscellaneous Vocabulary:vii

Nationalities and Languages;Family Relationships; Comparison of AdjectivesTest Tape No. 3Thirtemth Week EnrichmentAmerican Family RelationshipsComparison of AdverbsFourteenth Week Lesson PlanSomething About Navajo HistoryMore About Navajo History.Something About Navajo HistoryFinal /s/ EnrichmentThe Queen of Hearts, Mother GooseBunipety Bus, HammVocabulary Strengthening ExercisesChristmas Spirit, BairdFrom Blessing WayChristmas Card Weather. HarringtonOur Christmas Prayer, TalmadgeAn Irish LegendThe Children's Carol, Farjeon'Song, FieldWhen The Bells Ring Out, WheelerChristmas Bells, LongfellowChristmas Morning, Roberts"Rejoice! Rejoice!" The Angels Sing, CarlsonHow Far Is It To Bethlehem! ChestertonA Christmas Carol, Old English CarolChristmas Carol, DunbarLong, Long AgoAn did Christmas Greeting, Nursery RhymeBeggar's RhymeChristmas In The Heart, DunbarChristmas Bells, KirklandThe Friendly Beast, AnonymousChristmas' Carol, GrahameGates and Doors, KilmerBallad Of The HollyThe NightAs Joseph Was A-Walking, Old EnglishWords From An Old Spanish Carol, lawyerThe Christmas TreeThe Christmas AlphabetThe Twelve Days of ChristmasThe Way To A Merry ChristmasOn Christmas Eve, Nursery RhymeThe Gift, BuckleyThe Christmas Story, St. 3083C831831832832833833833833834834836836836837

A Visit From St. Nicholas, MooreEverywhere, Everywhere, Christmas Tonight, BrooksChristmas Pine Song, WoodIn Excelsis Gloria!Fifteenth Week Lesson Plan838839839839841Fifteenth Week Enrichment84)Sixteenth Week Lesson PlanPaul Revere's Ride, Longfellow"No, Sir," Old English BalladSixteenth Week EnrichmentAfter Christmas, FarrTomorrow, ThompsonThe New Year, JacquesSeventeenth Week Lesson Plan849850850851853853853855856856The Modern Hiawatha'A 'Was An ArcherEighteenth Week Lesson PlanDesert Treasure, JacobsonIn The DesertWinter's On The WayFalling Snow, MerrillDawn, SmithOde To The Pig: His Tail, BrooksThe CrocodileA-CentipedeA Flea And A FlyThe Grandiloguent Goat, WellsNineteenth Week Lesson Plan857858858858859859859.859860860860861Lucy LocketThe Months, ColeridgeThe Pudding, AnonymousA Fat Rat, HeinePut!, HammHot Cross Buns862862862862862862Twentieth Week Lesson Plan863Relative ClausesVocabulary ReviewDialogue: Ordering DinnerPuzzle: What s The Good Word?Twenty-First Week Lesson Plan864865865867A Boy's Prayer, AnonymousFebruary The Story Of The Month869870870GroUnd-Hog Day, Russell871ix

Ground-flog Day, RussellGeorge Washington, MarshallWashington, ChaffinGeorge Washington, WebsterLincoln Spoke, ThomsonLincoln, Martyred President, JacobsonChoral Reading: Abraham Lincoln, BergValentine Love, ChamberlinA Valentine, RussellTo YouValentines, Valentines, Jacobson'It Is Not!Wouldn't You9PtizzleTwenty-Second Week Lesson PlanTwenty-Third Psalm, The BibleNavajo Prayer, AnonymousNavajo DatelinesTwenty-Third Week Lesson PlanThe Navajo Rug, WarrenPuzzle: The Rail SplitterVowel ReviewTwo Wrens, Mother GooseThe North Wind, Mother GooseAbraham Lincoln, Benet and BenetThe House That Jack.Built, Mother GooseTwenty-Third Week EnrichmentConditional SentencesIntonation PracticeDipthong Contrasts: DialogueValentine Surprise, RamballValentine Village, HoytTwenty-Fourth Week Lesson PlanTwenty-Fourth Week EnrichmentTwenty-Fifth Week Lesson PlanAsking QuestionsThe Wind, StevensonWho Has Seen The Wind?, RossettiWind Capers, TurnerTwenty-Sixth Week Lesson Plan.Tag EndingsPresent, Past And Future 891893894895896900900900901902903.

Twenty-Seventh Week Lesson Plan.Review of Grammar: ReflexiveTag Endings; Interrogative Sentei,Negative Sentences; Present, Past,Future; PronunciationOpen Range, Jackson and JacksonMatch of the IrishTypical American, ButlerChanging Positive Sentences to NegativeReflexive PronounsThe Wind, GlennStirring, VardamisRiding the Sky, BatesSaint PatrickAn Old Irish BlessingTwenty-Eighth Week Lesson PlanSpeaking Responses to Social SituationsTwenty-Ninth Week Lesson PlanSpokeb responses to Social SituationsNavajo History World War II EraThe Monkeys and the Crocodile, RichardsThirtieth Week Lesson Plan.905906Q1091 1912913913913914914914917918923924928931933Review of Troublesome Sounds; Pronunciation:"TH", Final "S", Final "Ed"; Did with the PastListening to Dialogue Conversation Aboutthe. Weather. Pronunciation Drills /1 //G/,Final "s". Review Past Tense with "Did".Question-Answer Patterns with "Did ".April. Music, FisherLittle Robin Redbreast, AnonymousThe Robin's Song, AnonymousBeware the Rain!, WelteBaseball, DyarAn Indian Prayer, Yellow LarkThe NavajosNavajo HistoryThirty-First Week Lesson Plan934939946946946946947947947948951Review Troublesome Sounds: "Ed", Final "5","Th", "Did" with Past TensePast Tense of Irregular Verbs: ReviewDeclaration of IndependencePreamble To The Constitution of the United StatesQuotations from American Indian Chiefs: Hiamovixi952958963964964

Surrender Speech, Chief JoSephThotnasiefferson, Benet & BenetBeware the Rain!, WelteBaseball: DyerThirty-Second Week Lesson Plan965965966966968Review of TroublesOme Sounds, "Ed"; "Finals".Comparative Adverbs and Adjectives; Opposites,Third Person SingularLittle Boy Blue, FieldNancy Hanks, BenetThirty-Third Week Lesson Plan968973973975Review: Conditional Sentences. PracticeChanging Tenses; "ed" EndingsThirty-Fourth Week Lesson PlanDialogues976981982983984Auxiliary VerbsThe Creation, JohnsonThirty-Fifth Week Lesson PlanMuch and ManyDialoguesTrees, Kilmer,Intonation Practice, How Much, How ManyThirty-Sixth Week Lesson Plan987988992993993997998Dialoguesxii

,-1Review Lab I lan-/dj (brother)SUGGESTED PROCEDURESMATERIALSFIRST WEEKtense changesI EvaluationAdministration of -oral(bed - bad)/e/ - /Short story of Columbus, with.follow-up qu. estions.8910-0 Readings15 transparencies8910-W, 0 scriptsTape recorderOverhead projectorTape 0-4- -:Drills using common contras- Listening practiceIrregular verbstion in phrasing and sentences.Common contractionsTensechanges,usingcommonirregular verbs.cises.'recording:Listening and production of IndependentPract. Reader 2, (pageScript C-4-V suggests sample /e/ and /ae/ sounds.58)exercises.Review of foregoing in converColumbusConsider Quizzes #7, #11 and sational sentences.#12 (second exercises).Independent recording.Provide oral and/or writtendrills in the use of common irregulat verbs and contractions.Refer to Regents WB. II Tableof Contents for appropriate exer-cncn(7)o,,discnminaton; gram- Tape Script 8910-W for preview pieone-third of the class ',y detoadministering.Teacherreadimatical structures;esignatingthird studentdesignatingisimportantforproperprp se- on the rostereverytior readpronunciation;and providing ; free expression;a fresh 5-inch tape. Seein or. er at 8- secondtense concepts; writ- to be viewed inScript8910-0.intervals.ing expressionWeek's Lessons FollowAdminister Test Tape 89-10-WAdministration of Test Tape Test Tape 8910-Wand written tests for With tape- recorder and overhead 8910-0for screening of' spoken Test Tape 8910-0in screening:projector. Use form 8910-W for E ngl'ish ability.ea - 8910-W Answer SheetsaII y. Usese series Readsstudent testanswer sheets andZ.interview; listeninging Excerpt in each booth. Sam-coverbspast of irregularLLI(7)osioncontractionsoZguage learnings:Nlistening comprehen-coL.L.,(5tnz0CLASSROOM ACTIVITIESFOR. LAB IITape B-1-V:Consider using the first lessonRapid pattern drills reviewing First sem Review:asanexploratorysessiontoovalshort answers (pos. uate the classes language needs former lessons involving short af- Short Ans. Quest.& neg.)and neg. answers, mak(of /d"/ /u/ and question forms). firmative/u/ - /uw/ At/ soundquestions froming questions from statements.statementsSpeak-Sheets:Oral reading excerpts from pgs.Review pronunciation:pronunciation drills: 22, 23, 24 of Regents English /u/ and /uw/ in minimal pairs P-6-V, P-3-V, P-4-VWorkbook II may be helpful./u/ - /uw/and sentences; /I:37 in sentences. Indepr iik., t Record inSee Script B-1-V.(full - fool)Sonie ng bout NavajIndependent recording.HistorBegin to review LabI language learnings:LANGUAGE LEARNINGSLESSON PLANSENGLISH-SPEAKING PROGRAM

F.Lesson -B-1-VQUESTIONS AND ANSWERS:THE SHORT 00 AND "TH" SOUNDSF.The following drills will be much faster than your other lessons. Try to keep up withthem.F.f1n.1g clear voice.Listen:M. Is the lesson easy?M. Is Fred Martin absent?M. Are the windows open?F.F.F.Yes, it is.Yes, he is.Yes, they are.M. Now you answer with "yes" and a short answer:F. Is the lesson easy?F. Is Fred Martin absent?F.Are the windows open?F.Is Helen in class?M. Is the door closed?M. Are you thirsty?M. Are we on time?M. Are they in your class?F. Is the game on?F. Is Bill your brother?F. Is that coat new?M. Listen:F.F.F.F.Is the lesson difficult?Is Mary present?Is Mr King a teacher?M. No, it isn't.M. No, she isn't.M. No, he isn't.Now you answer with "no" and a short answer:M. Is the lesson difficult?M. Is Mary present?M. Is Mr. King a teacher?M. Are you busy?M. Are the boys sleepy?F. Is Mr. Grant hungry?F. Are you sad?F. Is he late?566

F.Is H-irry young?F.Are the men farmers?M. Listen:We're students.M. Are we students?It's a piece of paper.M. Is it a piece of paper?They're children.M. Are they children?Now you change tnese s iLences to questions:M. We're students.F.F.F.F.M. It's a piece of paper.M. They're children.1M. She's a cook.F. You're a policeman.F. It's an ink bottle.F. They're erasers.F. I'm a student.M. They're words.M. We're soldiers.M. It's a piece of chalk.M. You're ball players.F. They're classrooms.F. I'm a farn.1r.F. It's a watch.F. He's a child.F. She's a nurse.M. Pronunciation review: The short 5O sound in words and sentences:F. fool - fullM. wooed - wouldF. pool - pullM. fool - fullF. cooed - couldM. pool - pullF. stewed stoodM. wooed - wouldF. Repeat after me:F.fullM. wouldF.sugar cookieF.pullM. bookF.good luckF.bookM. lookF.F.couldM. hookF.stoodM. couldlook at the bookF. full of wood567

M. Listen and repeat:F.A brook in the woods.F.She took one look.Put your books away.F. Would this be a good book?M. Look at the wolf.F.M. The woman stood in the room.M. Is your book in your room?M. All our rooms are full.F.Listen:M. Is Mr. Jones happy?M. Is Miss Brandt a nurse?M. Is Mrs. Stone very busy?F.F.F.M. Now you give the short answer with "yes."F. Is Mr. Jones happy?F. Is Miss Brandt a nurse?F. Is the boy sleepy?F. Is Mr. Williams young?M. Is the farmer thirsty?M. Is Miss Johnson a teacher?M. Is Mrs. Vance very busy?M. Is Miss Nelson absent?F. Is Mr. Duncan sad?F. Is the girl tired?F. Is the book on the desk?F. Is the pen on the table?M. Is the orange in the box?M. Is the pencil here?M. Is the notebook there?M. Are the boys strong?F. Are the girls pretty?F. Are the women early?F. Are the men late?F. Are the children on time?568Yes, he is.Yes, she is.Yes, she is.

M. Listen:F.F.F.F.Are the apples in the box?Is Dorothy absent?Are John and Harry students?M. No, they're not.M. No, she's not.M. No, they're not.Now you answer with "no" and short answer:M. Are the apples in the box?M. Is Dorothy absent?M. Are John and Harry students?F.Are you hungry?F. Am I late?F.Are we going?M. Is Bill sick?M. Is this book yours?M. Are the children eating?F.Listen:M. Harry is a good student.M. Miss Nelson is happy.M. The boys are on time.M. The book is old.F.F.F.F.Is Harry a good student?Is Miss Nelson happy?Are the boys on time?Is the book old?M. Now you change these sentences to questions:F. Harry is a good student.F.Miss Nelson is happy.F. The boys are on time.F. The book is old.M. Mr. and Mrs. Vance are happy.M. The exercises are new.M. Miss Burke is a nurse.M. I'm tired.F.Those men are carpenters.F. You're early.F. John is late.F. This notebook is new.M. The teacher is busy.M. The eraser is on the desk.569

M. The door is open.M. Mr. and Mrs. Russell are here.F. That man is late.F, We're early.F. That boy is strong.R. That book is new.M. Miss Hill is a secretary.M. Mr. Harper is a teacher.M. The blaaboaard is new.M. The desks are old.M. Miss Foxand Miss Black are secretaries.F.Pronunciation: review: The "th" in sentences.F.Listen and repeat:F. They always come together.M. That's my brother.M. I know their mother.F. My brothers did that themselves.F. This car is better than theirs.F. The ice was smooth.F.Are they going some other day?M. Let's go -together.M. The weather's getting cold.M. You'll find, your brother in the gym.F.Listen:M. at the moviesM. in the bookM. on the tableF. I:saw him :atthe movies.F. L :mead it in the book.F. .Eleft it on. the- table.M. Now you make your.own sentence:F. atithe movie,F. in the book.F.on th.e tableM. with the-boysM. afri.tOr the game0474

M. under the windowF. in the morningF. across the oceanF. before the gameM. This ends the lesson.M. Tape C-4-VCONVERSATIONLISTENING PRACTICE, REVIEW OF THE SOUNDS "E" AND "R"REVIEW PAST AND FUTURE OF IRREGULAR VERBS AND CONTRACTIONSM. Listen:F.Christopher Columbus was an explorer. He said the earth was round. People at thattime did not believe him. They laughed at him. But at last Columbus got enoughmoney for three small ships. In the year 1492 he began his trip. He was on the oceanfor many, many weeks. His sailors became very much afraid, but at last they saw land.The land was America.M. Now answer these questions:M. Who was Christopher Columbus?M. Did he say that the earth was flat or round?M. Did the people at that time believe him?F. Why did they laugh at him?F. How much money did he get at last?F. Did he get enough money for three large ships?F. Or three small ships?M. In what year did he begin his trip?M. For how long was he on the ocean?M. Did his sailors become afraid?F. What did they see at last?F. What was the land the sailors saw?F. Did Columbus cross the Atlantic Ocean?F. Or the Pacific Ocean?M. Contractions. Listen and repeat:F. I am - I'mF.F.They are - They'reF. Does not - Doesn'tF. Was not - Wasn'tF. Is not - Isn'tF.He is - He'sYou are - You'reF. We are - We're571

M. Do not - Don'tM. Will not - Won'tM. Has not - Hasn'tM. Can not Can'tF.I'mF.He'sF.You'reM. They'reM. Doesn'tM. Wasn'tF.We'reM. Isn'tWon'tF. Don'tF. Hasn'tF. Can'tF.M. Listen and repeat:He's busy today.F. I'm busy today.F. We're busy today.F. We're very old friends.F. He doesn't speak English well.M. They don't speak English well.M. He won't be here tomorrow.M. They won't be here tomorrow.F. They can't meetus today.F. She hasn't been here.F. He didn't get your message.F.M. Past and future. Review.M. Check yourself on the past tense of the following.M. ten:M. He brings his books to school everyday.Past:M. He brought his books to school yesterday.Future:M. He will bring his books to school tomorrow.F.F.M. She teaches us everyday.F.F.Past:Future:M. She taught us yesterday.M. She will teach us. tomorrow.572

M. We get up at seven o'clock every morning.F. Past:M. We got up at seven o'clock.F. Future:M. We will get up at seven o'clock.F.Now you follow the example and change the follow to past or future:M. He brings his books to school everyday.F.Past:F.He broughtF.Future:F.He will bringM. She teaches us everyday.F.Past:F.TaughtF.Future:F.Will teachM. We get up at seven o'clock every morning.F.Past:F.Got upF.Future:F.Will get upM.The dog fights with the cat everyday.F.Past:F.Fought'F.Future:F.Will fightM. He forgets his book everyday.F.Past:F.ForgotF.Future:F.Will forgetM. He catches cold every winter.F.Past:F.CaughtF.Future:F.Will catchM. The baby cries everyday.F.Past:F.CriedF.Future:F.Will cryM. Jahn fights with his sister everyday.F.Past:F.FoughtF.Future:F.Will fight573

M. I get hungry at four o'clock every afternoon.F.F.Past:Future:Got hungryF. Will get hungryF.M. I try to come to class on time everyday.F.F.Past:Future:M. The cat catches a mouse everyday.F. Past:F. Future:F.TriedF.Will tryF.F.CaughtWill catchF.CameF.Will comeF.WentF.Will goF.TookF.Will takeM. She comes here everyday.F.F.Past:Future:M. We go there everyday.F.F.Past:Future:M. We take the bus here everyday.F.F.Past:Future:M. Pronunciation ReviewM. Listen and repeat:F.CheckM. SatF.MetM. CashF.ElseM. BackF.YesM. BadF.M. Mat - metF.Met - matBed -badF.Said - sadM.F.Head - hadM. Had - headF.MenM. AmF.SendM. AndM. Bad -bed574Sad said

F.HemF.HamF.Ham hemF.Sand - sendM. LandM. Them .M. Hem - hamM. Send - sandM. Men - manM. Gem - jamMan menF. Jam gemF.This bread is better.I get a check-up every year.Betty is never ready on time.F.F.F.M. The doctor will examine my 'chest.M. She went to bed.F.I'm glad he's My. friend.F.He's ready for class.F.She's a friend of my family.M. I guess he's happy.M. The doctor is examining his head and chest.M. The book is red, yellow and black.F.Please get me some apples and bananas.F.I want to answer the next question.M. Contractions. Review.M. Say the following as a contraction:M. I'llM. Have notM. I'mMF.I willI amYou areM. You'reM.F.He isM. He'sM.F.We willM. We'llM.It isM.F.I have.M. I'veM.F.We haveM. We'veM.M. There'sM.M. What'sM.F.F.F.There isF. What isF.It'sM.-575F.F.Has notF.Do notF.Does notDid not . F.F.Is notF.Was notF.Were not.F.Can notF.Will 'tCan'tWon't

M. Now substitute contractions in the following sentences:F.I am busy.F.He is busy.F. We are tired.F. We will be tired.M. It is warm.M. What is your name?M. I do not study.M. He does not study.F.He is not here.F.He will not be here.F.I cannot go.F.There is no time.M. Listen:Do you live in Texas?Are you busy?F. Was Bill in class?F.F.M. No, I don't.M. No, I'm not.M. No, he wasn't.F.Follow the example:F.Give negative answers to the following with a contraction of the verb:M. Do you live in Texas?F.No, I don't.M. Are you busy?F.No, I'm not.M. Was Bill in class?F.No, he wasn't.M. Is your friend busy?F.No, he isn't.F.Do you like Chicago?M. No, I don't.F.Is it raining?F.Can you speak. Spanish?M. No, it isn't.M. No, I can't.F.Were John and Henry at the meeting?M. No, they weren't.F.Are you tired?M. No, I'm not.ey-itraF.This ends the lesson.576

TAPE 8910-0EVALUATION TAPE (oral)(Instructor says):First sampling:(date)(groUp) .SECTION 1.Navajo answers to Navajo questions.(In Navajo): Listen carefully and give complete. answers to my questions. I am going toask you some questions in Navajo. You answer in Navajo. As soon as I ask the question,you give me an answer. Speak in Navajo:(In Navajo): What is your name?Where is your home?How old are you?How long have you been going to school?How long have you been speaking English?Where did you attend your first three years of school?Tell me what subjects you have this year in.school.Tell me who speaks English in your home.(In Navajo): Now, I am going to ask you the same questions in Navajo. This time, youanswer in English. As soon as I ask the question, you give an answer. Speak in English:(In Navajo): What is your name?Where is your home?How old are you?How long have you been going to school?How long have you been speaking English?Where did you attend your first three years of school?Tell me what subjects you have this year in school.Tell me who speaks English in your home.(In English): Please listen carefully and try to give complete answers to my questions:What is your name and where is your home?How old are you?How long have you been going to school?How long have you been speaking English?W'-ere did you attend your first three years of school?Tell me what subjects you have this year in school.Tell me who speaks English in your home.577

SECTION 2.Listen very carefully and repeat the following sentences after me:1.This book belongs to my brother.2. My youngest brother is at home with my mother.3. Will you help rue find some pencils in the desks?4. Most children never have vegetables for breakfast.5. We noticed the bus was stopped when it reached the railroad tracks.6. Put your clean clothes in the closet.7. Will they walk together to the bank?8.9.10.Is this your first trip?Neither of the cars stopped when they reached the railroad tracks.I'm not sure whether I'll have spaghetti or sausages.SECTION 3. ASKING QUESTIONSNow, I will give you some answers; you ask the questions for these answers. For example,listen:Yes, I went to town.Did you go to town?Yes, I saw the movie.Did you see the movie?Yes, I ate my breakfast.Did you eat your breakfast?Now, follow the example. Begin every question with "did." I'll give the answers; you askthe question. All right, let's begin:Yes, I went to town.Yes, I saw the movie.Yes, I ate my breakfast.Yes, I bought my lunch.Yes, I spoke to Tom.Yes, T lost my money.Yes, I brought some money.Yes, I drove the car.Yes, I

Christmas Bells, Kirkland. 83C The Friendly Beast, Anonymous 831. Christmas' Carol, Grahame. 831 Gates and Doors, Kilmer 832 Ballad Of The Holly 832. The Night. 833. As Joseph Was A-Walking, Old English 833. Words From An Old Spanish Carol, lawyer. 833. The Christmas Tree. 833. The Christmas Alphabet. 834. Th

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