Principles Of Evolution Chapter Test A

Name: Class: Date:Principles of EvolutionChapter Test AAnswer KeyMultiple Choice1. b2. c3. a4. b5. a6. c7. c8. d9. a10. c11. b12. a13. d14. c15. aShort Answer16. homologous structures17. Structure A is a human arm, which is usedfor lifting and carrying items. Structure B isthe fin of a whale and is used for swimming.Structure C is the wing of a bat and is usedfor flying.18. They share a common ancestor.19. the wing of a flying insect20. The three forelimbs are adapted for differentfunctions, but they are formed from similarbones. All three forelimbs have a similarstructure. This indicates that the organismsshare a common ancestor.21. the lamprey22. the Rhesus monkey23. After the lamprey, the frog’s hemoglobinshares the fewest amino acids with thatof humans.24. The Rhesus monkey and humans have themost similar amino acids in the hemoglobinprotein. This shows that they share a morerecent common ancestor than the otherorganisms do.25. Humans and lampreys; this is because theyhave the greatest difference in the aminoacids of the hemoglobin protein.Copyright by McDougal Littell, a division of Houghton Mifflin CompanyBiology1Principles of Evolution

Name: Class: Date:Principles of EvolutionChapter Test AMULTIPLE CHOICEChoose the letter of the best answer. (15 credits)1. What is the term for afeature that allows anorganism to survive betterin its environment?a. variationb. adaptationc. homologous structured. vestigial structure5. Which scientist developed aclassification system fororganisms?a. Carolus Linnaeusb. Charles Darwinc. Jean-Baptiste Lamarckd. Georges L.L. de Buffon2. All the individuals of aspecies that live in aparticular area are called aa. variation.b. fossil.c. population.d. group.6. The tortoise from AbingdonIsland, shown in Figure 10.1,would likely be betteradapted than the AlbermarleIsland tortoise to which ofthe following environments?3. The remnant of an organthat had a function in anearly ancestor is knownas a(n)a. vestigial structure.b. analogous structure.c. homologous structure.d. fossil structure.4. What observations didCharles Darwin make aboutfinches in the GalápagosIslands?a. The same species of fincheslived on all the islands.b. Different species offinches lived on differentislands.c. Various species offinches lived on just oneof the islands.d. Identical species offinches lived in SouthAmerica.FIG. 10.1a. areas with short plantsand mossesb. areas with no plants andsand dunesc. areas with lots of tallerplantsd. areas with only tall treesCopyright by McDougal Littell, a division of Houghton Mifflin CompanyBiology2Principles of Evolution

Name: Class: Date:Chapter Test A, continued7. Which theory states thatfloods and earthquakes haveoccurred often in Earth’shistory?a. uniformitarianismb. natural selectionc. catastrophismd. artificial selection11. Individuals that are welladapted to their environmentwill survive and producea. fewer mutations.b. more offspring.c. stronger genes.d. better traits.12. Natural selection results inchange overtime by actingon traits that area. heritable.b. new.c. mutated.d. better.8. The hind leg bones shownin the whale in Figure 10.2are examples of13. What is the study of thedistribution of organismsaround the world?a. paleontologyb. geographyc. geologyd. biogeographyFIG. 10.2a.b.c.d.homologous structures.analogous structures.fossil structures.vestigial structures.14. Fossil evidence shows thatstructures consideredvestigial in living organismsa. are not found in ancientorganisms.b. have always beenvestigial.c. were useful to theirancestors.d. do not fill gaps in thefossil record9. Charles Darwin found fossilsthat looked like ancientversions of living species.From this evidence Darwinsuggested that Earth wasa. much more than 6000years old.b. less than 6000 years old.c. only 6000 years old.d. about 1000 years old.15. Which theory ties the fieldsof biology and geologytogether?10. What is the process inwhich humans breedorganisms for certain traits?a. natural selectionb. inheritance of acquiredcharacteristicsc. artificial selectiond. descent ismcatastrophismgradualismCopyright by McDougal Littell, a division of Houghton Mifflin CompanyBiology3Principles of Evolution

Name: Class: Date:Chapter Test A, continuedShort Answer Use the diagram below to answer items 16–20. (5 credits)FIG. 10.316. The forelimbs of the organisms in Figure 10.3 are examples of what type ofstructures?17. What are the functions of the three forelimbs in Figure 10.3?18. What do these structures indicate about the evolution of the three organisms?19. What would be an example of a structure analogous to structure C?20. How does the anatomy of the forelimbs show an evolutionary pattern?Copyright by McDougal Littell, a division of Houghton Mifflin CompanyBiology4Principles of Evolution

Name: Class: Date:Chapter Test A, continuedUse the diagram below to answer items 21–25. (5 credits)FIG. 10.4 EVOLUTIONARY RELATIONSHIP OF VERTEBRATESSpeciesNumber of amino acids that differ from those in ahuman hemoglobin protein chain (total chainlength 146 amino acids)Human0Rhesus monkey8Mouse27Chicken45Frog67Lamprey12521. Which species from Figure 10.4 has the most amino acids that are differentfrom those of humans?22. Which species has the most amino acids in common with humans?23. What does this molecular fingerprinting reveal about the frog?24. How does the data in Figure 10.4 indicate that humans and Rhesus monkeysshare the most recent common ancestor?25. Which organisms in Figure 10.4 share the most distant common ancestors?Explain.Copyright by McDougal Littell, a division of Houghton Mifflin CompanyBiology5Principles of Evolution

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