Construction Management And LEED Glossary Of Terms

Architect, and Owner. A change order proposalcan be issued by the Contractor, Architect, orthe Owner. The change order proposal becomesa change order only after it has been approvedand by the Contractor, Owner, and Architect.Codes - Prevailing regulations, ordinances orstatutory requirements set forth by governmentalagencies associated with building constructionpractices and owner occupancy, adopted andadministered for the protection of public health,life safety and welfare. (See Building Code.)Change Order Request (COR) - A writtendocument requesting an adjustment to thecontract sum or an extension of the contracttime; issued by the Architect, Owner, orContractor.Commissioning - The process at or nearconstructioncompletionwhenvariousmechanical, electrical, and plumbing systemsare tested and checked for compliance with thedesign, and are operating s, physical or otherwise, whichsurface after a contract has been signed andwhich alter the circumstances or conditions onwhich the contract is based, i.e., ConcealedConditions or Latent Conditions.Committed HC Contingency – See “HCContingency Committed”Completion Schedule Analysis – See “ProjectCompletion Graph (S-Curve)”Chart of Accounts - An alpha/numericaccounting system used by the Contractor toensure that the project expenditures are properlydebited/credited in the project budget aspayments are made in behalf of the project.Constructability - The optimizing of cost, time,and quality factors with the material, equipment,construction means, methods, and techniquesused on a project; accomplished by matchingowner values with available constructionindustry practices.Claim - A formal notice sent by a Contractor toan Owner asserting the fact that the terms of thecontract have changed and compensation isbeing sought by the Contractor from the Owner.Construction Budget - The target cost figurecovering the construction phase of a project. Itincludes the cost of contracts with tradecontractors, construction support items otherpurchased labor, material and equipment, andthe construction manager's cost but not the costof land, A/E fees, or consultant fees.Clerk-of-the-Works - An individual employed byan Owner to represent him on a project at thesite of the work. The clerk-of-the-work's abilities,credentials, and responsibilities vary at thediscretion of the Owner.Construction Change Directive (CCD) - Aconstruction change directive is a written ordersigned by the Owner and Architect directing theContractor to make a change in the work andstating a proposed basis for any appropriateadjustment in the contract sum or the contracttime. This may result in a change order if anagreement is reached between the Contractorand the Owner. But even in the absence of totalagreement, the construction change directive byitself constitutes a change in the e adjustment in contract sum orcontract time being handled in accordance withspecified detailed procedures at a later date.CM - The abbreviation for ConstructionManagement and Construction Manager (a firmthat provides CM services or persons who workfor a CM firm).CM Fee Plus Reimbursables - A form ofpayment for CM services where the constructionmanager is paid a fixed or percentage fee forCM expertise, plus pre-established hourly, daily,weekly, or monthly costs for field personnel andequipment.CM Partnering - A contractual commitment bythe Owner, A/E, and CM to achieve a commongoal, and doing so without a stake holder’sexposure to a potential for conflict of interest inpursuit of that goal.Construction Documents - All drawings,specifications and addenda associated with aspecific construction project. These documentsdelineate and graphically represent the physicalconstruction requirements established by theA/E.CM Services - The scope of services providedby a construction manager and available toowners in whole or in part. CM services are notconsistent in scope or performance from oneCM firm to another.Revised September 2010Construction Documents Phase - Thethird phase of the Architect's basic3

construction portion of the project-deliveryprocess, showing activities, durations, andprojected completion dates.services wherein the Architect prepares workingdrawings, specifications and bidding information.Construction Document Review - One ents for the purpose of confirming thatthese documents and estimates are feasible andare in accordance with the proposed loan orproject appraisal.Construction Waste Management - A termused in the LEED certification process thatdescribes the diversion of construction anddemolition debris from disposal in landfills andincinerators. This process redirects recyclableresources back to the manufacturing processand redirects reusable materials to appropriatesites.Construction IAQ Management Plan - A termused in the LEED certification process thatdescribes a document specific to a buildingproject that outlines measures to minimizecontamination in the building during constructionand to flush the building of contaminants prior tooccupancy.Contingency - Line-item amounts in the projectbudget, or contractor’s schedule of valuesintended to cover costs of y may be owner-controlled orcontractor-controlled.Construction Management (CM) – (1) Aproject delivery system that uses a constructionmanager to facilitate the design and constructionof a project by organizing and directing men,materials, and equipment to accomplish thepurpose of the design. (2) A professional servicethat applies effective management techniques tothe planning, design, and construction of aproject from inception to completion for thepurpose of controlling time, cost and quality, asdefined by the Construction ManagementAssociation of America ontractor-controlledcontingency; see ContingencyContingency GraphContingency GraphSeeProjectHCContract Administration - The contractualduties and responsibilities of the A/E,Contractor, or CM during the construction phaseof a project for servicing the interactiveprovisions in the contract for construction.Construction Management Contract - Awritten agreement wherein responsibilities forcoordination and accomplishment of overallproject planning, design and construction aregiven to a construction management firm. Thebuilding team generally consists of the Owner,Contractor, and Designer or Architect.Contract Document Phase - The final phase ofdesign on an architectural project whenconstruction documents are completed andbidding documents are formulated. See also"Construction Documents Phase".ConstructionManagerAbusinessorganization with the expertise and resources tomanagethedesign,contracting,andconstruction aspects of project delivery.Individuals who work for a CM Firm are alsoreferred to as Construction Managers.Contract Documents - A term used torepresent all documents (any general,supplementary, or other contract conditions, thedrawings and specifications, all biddingdocuments, addenda issued prior to execution ofthe contract and post-award Change Orders,and any other items specifically stipulated asbeing included in the contract documents) whichcollectively form the contract between theContractor and the Owner.Construction Monitor – An s) of the financial team to observe andreport pertaining to the current status of aconstruction project schedule, project budget,hard cost payment approvals, and contractadministration compliance, and tracks criticalaction items. The Construction Monitor acts asan independent facilitator and reports all findingsin an objective manner.Contract Performance Bond - A written form ofsecurity from a surety company to the Owner, onbehalf of an acceptable prime or main contractoror subcontractor, guaranteeing the completion ofthe work in accordance with the terms ofthe contract.Construction Schedule - A graphic, tabular orCPM representation or depiction of theRevised September 2010–Contract Substantial Completion –The project contract documents will4

define substantial completion, which is thecontract substantial completion requirement.Contract substantial completion may or may nothave additional requirements to be achievedbefore a project is deemed substantiallycomplete by the Architect and Owner. Typically,substantial completion is achieved when thefacility is complete enough to be used for itsintended use.The Architect will issue acertificate of Substantial Completion, which istypically an AIA Document G704.Cost-of-Work - All costs incurred by theContractor in the proper performance of thework required by the plans and specifications fora specific project. The term is more specificallydefined in all GMP contracts.Cost-Plus Contract - A form of contract usuallybetween an Owner and Contractor, A/E designprofessional, or CM, under which the Contractor,A/E, or CM is reimbursed for direct and indirectcosts plus a fee for services. The fee is usuallystated as a stipulated sum or as a percentage ofcost.Contract Sum - The total dollar amount payableby the Owner to the Contractor for theperformance of the work under the contractdocuments.Cost Plus Fee Agreement - A writtenagreement under which services are provided bya Contractor, Architect, Engineer, or CM for thecost of work plus a specified fee.Contract Time - The time period set forth andestablished in the contract documents forcompleting a specific project; usually stated inworking days or calendar days. The contracttime can only be adjusted by valid timeextensions through change order.Cost-To-Complete - All costs remaining tocomplete construction of the project to obtain acertificate of occupancy and occupy the projectfor its intended use. These costs can be furtherdefined as Contract, Owner, hard or soft cost-tocomplete.Contractor's Option - A written provision in thecontract documents giving the Contractor theoption of selecting certain specified materials,methods or systems without changes in thecontract sum.Critical Path – (1) The continuous chain ofactivities from project-start to project-finish,whose durations cannot be exceeded if theproject is to be completed on time. (2) Asequence of activities that collectively requirethe longest duration to complete (the duration ofthe sequence is the shortest possible time fromthe start event to the finish event). Activities onthe critical path have no float time.Contractor's Qualification Statement - Awritten statement of the Contractor's experienceand qualifications submitted to the Owner duringthe Contractor selection process. The AmericanInstitute of Architects publishes a standardContractor's Qualification Statement form for thispurpose.Critical Path Method (CPM) - A planningscheduling and control line and symbol diagramdrawn to show the respective activities involvedin constructing a specific project.A CPMschedule shows activity duration and interdependence.Cost Breakdown - A financial statementfurnished by the Contractor delineating theportions of the contract sum allotted for thevarious parts of the work and used as the basisfor reviewing the Contractor's applications forprogress payments. See also "Schedule ofValues".CSI - AbbreviationSpecification InstituteCost Codes - A numbering system given tospecific kinds of work for the purpose oforganizing the cost control process of a specificproject.theConstructionCSI Master Format - The CSI Master Format isa system of numbers and titles for organizingconstruction information into a regular, standardorder or sequence. By establishing a master listof titles and numbers Master Format promotesstandardization and thereby facilitates theretrievalofinformationandimprovesconstruction communication. It provides auniform system for organizing information inproject manuals, for organizing projectcost data, and for filing productinformation and other technical data.Cost of Construction - The target cost figurecovering the construction phase of a project. Itincludes the cost of contracts with tradecontractors, construction support items otherpurchased labor, material and equipment, andthe construction manager's cost but not the costof land, A/E fees, or consultant fees.Revised September 2010for5

implicitly conveyed through the assumption ofproject-specific design liability, via performancespecifications.-DDaily Construction Report - A writtendocument and record that has two mainpurposes: (1) Furnish information to off-sitepersons concerning important details of eventsas they occur daily and hourly, and (2) Furnishhistorical documentation that might later have alegal bearing in cases of disputes. Daily reportsshould be as factual and impersonal as possible,free from the expression of personal opinionsand feelings. Each report should be numberedto correspond with the working days establishedon the progress schedule. In the event of nowork days, a daily report should still be made,stating "no work today" (due to rain, strike, orother causes). The report includes a descriptionof the weather; a record of the total number ofemployees, subcontractors by name, workstarted and completed today, equipment on thejob site, job progress today, names and titles ofvisitors, accidents and/or safety meetings, and aremarks column for other job related information.Design Development Phase – (1) The secondphase of the Architect's basic services whereinthe Architect prepares drawings and otherpresentation documents to fix and describe thesize and character of the entire project as toarchitectural, structural, mechanical, andelectrical systems; materials; and otheressentials as may be appropriate; and preparesa statement of probable construction cost. (2)The term used on architectural projects todescribe the transitional phase from theSchematic Phase to the Contract DocumentPhase during design.Design-XCM - A variation of the extendedservices form of CM, where the A/E alsoprovides the CM function.Direct Costs - The costs directly attributed to awork-scope, such as labor, material, equipment,and subcontracts but not the cost of operationsoverhead and the labor, materials, equipment,and subcontracts expended in support of theundertaking. Direct Costs, Hard Costs, andConstruction Costs are synonymous.Date of Agreement - (1) Usually on the frontpage of the agreement; (2) If not on front page itmay be the date opposite the signatures whenthe agreement was actually signed; (3) or whenit was recorded; (4) or the date the agreementwas actually awarded to the Contractor.Discretionary Change Order – Owner directedchange order not required for completion of theproject for the projects’ intended use and inaccordance with the construction contract.Date of Commencement of the Work - Thedate established in a written notice to proceedfrom the Owner to the Contractor.Division of Work - A portion of the total projectreserved for contractors for bidding andperformance purposes, i.e., Bid Division orWork-Scope.Date of Substantial Completion - The datecertified by the Architect when the work or adesignated portion thereof is substantiallycomplete. The Architect will document this dateon an AIA Document G704.-E-Daylighting - A term used in the LEEDcertification process that describes thecontrolled admission of natural light into a spacethrough glazing with the intent of reducing oreliminating electric lighting.Engineer - A professional individual who islicensed by the state to practice a specificengineering discipline.Energy STAR Rating - is a government-backedprogram helping businesses and individualsprotect the environment through superior energyefficiency. It is also a term used in the LEEDcertification process that describes the rating abuilding earns using the Energy STAR PortfolioManagertocomparebuildingenergyperformance to similar buildings in similarclimates. A score of 50 representsaverage performance.Demising Walls - The boundaries that separateyour space from your neighbors' or from thepublic spaces.Design-Build (D-B) - A project delivery methodwhere a design-build contractor (contractor-ledD-B), A/E design professional (design-led D-B)or CM (CM-led D-B) is directly responsible forboth the total project design and construction ofthe project. Design-Build liability can be explicitlyconveyed through the contract documents orRevised September 20106

Enhanced/Fundamental Commissioning - Aterm used in the LEED certification process thatdescribes the verification that a building’s energyrelated systems are installed, calibrated andperform according to the Owner’s projectrequirements, basis of design and constructiondocuments.property rather than real property; (3) Anabbreviation generally associated with interiordesign and planning of retail stores or officefacilities.Field Order (FO) - A written order issued to aContractor by the Owner, or Owner'sRepresentative, i.e., A/E design professional,effecting a minor change or clarification withinstructions to perform work not included in thecontract for construction. The work willeventually become a Change Order. A FieldOrder is an expedient process used in anemergency or need situation, which in manycases does not involve an adjustment to thecontract sum or an extension of the contracttime. See also "Construction Change Directive.”Escrow Account - (1) Money put into thecustody of the third party by the first party fordisbursement to the second party. (2) A brieftemporary depository for progress paymentsuntil authorized for release according to thedepositor’s explicit instructions.Estimated Cost-to-Complete - An estimate ofthe cost yet to be expended on a work-scope inorder to complete it. The difference between theCost to Date and the Estimated Final Cost.Field Schedule - A graphic, tabular or narrativerepresentation or depiction of the constructionportion of the project-delivery process, showingfield activities and durations in sequential order.A short-interval, field-based schedule that planscontractor and subcontractor activities on amonth-to-month, week-to-week, or day-to-daybasis from the project milestone schedule.Estimated Final Cost - An estimate of the finalcost of a work item based on its Cost-to-Dateand the estimated cost to complete it. The sumof the Cost-to-Date and the Estimated Cost-toComplete.Estimate of Construction Cost - A calculationof costs prepared on the basis of (1) A detailedanalysis of materials and labor for all items ofwork, or (2) On current area, volume, or similarunit costs.Field Work Order (FWO) - A written request toa subcontractor or vendor, usually from thegeneral or main contractor, for services ormaterials.Final Acceptance - The action of the Owneraccepting the work from the Contractor when theOwner deems the work completed inaccordance with the contract requirements. Finalacceptance is confirmed by the Owner whenmaking the final payment to the Contractor.Extended Services-CM - A form of CM whereother services such as design, construction, andcontracting are included with ACM servicesprovided by the construction manager.-F-Final Completion - The point at which bothparties to a contract declare the other hassatisfactorily completed its responsibilities underthe contract.Fast Track Construction - A method ofconstruction management which involves acontinuous design-construction operation. Thisusually involves a prime or main contractorstarting the construction work before the plansand specifications are complete.Final Design Phase - The designation used byengineers for the last portion of the designprocess prior to bidding.Feasibility Phase - The conceptual phase of aproject preceding the Design Phase used todetermine from various perspectives whether aproject should be constructed or not.Final Inspection - A final site review of theproject by the Contractor, Owner or Owner’sAuthorized Representative prior to issuing thefinal certificate for payment.Fee Enhancement - The awarding of anadditional fee, over and above the basic fee forservices, based on the performance quality ofthe party providing the basic service.Final Payment - The last payment from theOwner to the Contractor of the entireunpaid balance of the contract sum asadjusted by any approved changeorders.FF&E - (1) An abbreviation for furniture, fixturesand equipment; (2) Items classified as personalRevised September 20107

contract for construction, e.g., American Instituteof Architects (AIA) Document A201.Financial and Management Control System A manual or computerized management controlsystem used by the project team to guide thecourse of a project and record its status andprogress.General Contractor (GC) - A properly licensedindividual or company having "primary"responsibility for the work. A GC can performwork with its own contractors or can perform theproject work as an independent contractor,providing services to owners through the use ofsubcontractors when using the generalcontracting system. In the latter case, the GC isreferred to as "Paper Contractor".Fixed Fee - A set contract amount for all labor,materials, equipment and servi

Construction Management and LEED Glossary of Terms Compliments Of zumBrunnen, Inc. Atlanta, GA This glossary of t