Stratification And Work In Contemporary Logistics
Stratification and Work in Contemporary LogisticsPenn, R. (2016). Stratification and Work in Contemporary Logistics. Turkish Journal of Sociology, 36(1), 125142. on-and-work-in-contemporary-logistics/Published in:Turkish Journal of SociologyDocument Version:Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of recordQueen's University Belfast - Research Portal:Link to publication record in Queen's University Belfast Research PortalPublisher rightsCopyright 2016 Istanbul University Department of SociologyThis work is made available online in accordance with the publisher’s policies.General rightsCopyright for the publications made accessible via the Queen's University Belfast Research Portal is retained by the author(s) and / or othercopyright owners and it is a condition of accessing these publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associatedwith these rights.Take down policyThe Research Portal is Queen's institutional repository that provides access to Queen's research output. Every effort has been made toensure that content in the Research Portal does not infringe any person's rights, or applicable UK laws. If you discover content in theResearch Portal that you believe breaches copyright or violates any law, please contact openaccess@qub.ac.uk.Download date:15. Mar. 2021
SOSYOLOJİ DERGİSİ TURKISH JOURNAL OF SOCIOLOGYReceived: December 25, 2015Revision received: June 7, 2016Accepted: June 21, 2016OnlineFirst: August 30, 2016Copyright 2016 Istanbul University Department of Sociologytjs.istanbul.edu.tr/enDOI 10.16917/sd.88174 June 2016 36(1) 125–142Original ArticleStratification and Work in Contemporary Logistics1Roger PennQueen’s UniversityAbstractThis paper examines the relationship between stratification and work in contemporary logistics from twotheoretical angles. The first involves an analysis of the utility of the model of primary versus secondarylabour markets as a template for assessing the core characteristics of logistics’ work. The second involvesa parallel assessment of the salience of post-modern theories of time for an understanding of how suchwork is structured. Logistics involves the movement of goods and information by road, rail, sea and air.High levels of surveillance and control are embedded within these flows. These are critical for the creationof value via the supply of commodities to industrial, personal and commercial customers at the exacttime desired by them. This has involved a paradigmatic shift in economic production from the Fordistsystem, whereby goods were manufactured in long production runs and then pushed up the supply chainto retailers, to a post-Fordist system, whereby production is determined directly by consumer demand. Theworld of transportation and warehousing has suffered from systematic neglect by sociologists. Part of thislies in a deep seated Marxist bias within the field whereby factory work is characterized as “productive” andsomehow more significant and authentic, whereas the worlds of transportation and distribution are seen as“unproductive” and far less important.KeywordsLogistics Employment Work Labour markets Post-modernism Time Economic sociology1 Correspondence to: Roger Penn (PhD), School of Sociology, Social Policy and Social Work, Queen’s University, UniversityRoad, BT7 1NN, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK. Email: r.penn@qub.ac.ukCitation: Penn, R. (2016). Stratification and work in contemporary logistics. Turkish Journal of Sociology, 36, 125–142.
TURKISH JOURNAL OF SOCIOLOGYWhat is Logistics?234Diagram AGlobal Logistics2Logistics can also refer to the wider cycle of production and distribution viewed as an integrated system. In this papera narrower definition is used.3This is a simplified picture of a complex structure. One example of such additional complexity is the transport ofcontainers by sea from feeder ports to the major international ports (see Liu, Wang, & Yip, 2013)480% of transportation in the USA by value is by road (see Ross, 2004).126
PennExcel Fedex UPSDPWN.Amazon5In 2002 warehouse space in the USA totalled around 3.4 billion square feet and the cost of warehousing was 78 billion(see Ross, 2004).127
TURKISH JOURNAL OF SOCIOLOGYThe Characteristics of the Primary and Secondary Labour Marketheuristic device128
PennCharacteristics of the Primary and Secondary Labour MarketPrimary Labour MarketSecondary Labour MarketMaleFemalePost Modern Theories of Time129
TURKISH JOURNAL OF SOCIOLOGYthe same for millions of personsThe Empirical Research6Currently Los Angeles is ranked 5th globally in terms of incoming container traffic. In fact it is two contiguous ports:Long Beach and San Pedro.7Twenty-foot equivalent units. This is the standard measure of container volumes.130
PennWork in LogisticsTable 1Hours Worked by Heavy Goods Drivers in the UKOvertimeSource8Data for 2008 in this section are taken from the Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings (ASHE), 2009.131
TURKISH JOURNAL OF SOCIOLOGYTable 2Numbers and Annual Earnings of Selected US Occupations, 2008OccupationNumber [000]Source. “132Annual Earnings [ 000]
PennAsda or SainsburysDriving work9The International Brotherhood of Teamsters.133
TURKISH JOURNAL OF SOCIOLOGYPhotograph 1. Computerised delivery schedule.134
Pennton10 Drivers routinely put their tacho onto “break” (resting) and spend their time delivering during this time.135
TURKISH JOURNAL OF SOCIOLOGY11Photograph 2. Tachograph.Warehouse WorkABC11 This reminded me of being taught to leave my ticket machine permanently on “Cambridge Centre” when I worked asa bus conductor for Eastern Counties buses in 1972.136
PennConclusions137
TURKISH JOURNAL OF SOCIOLOGY138
Penn12ReferencesInternationalSociology 23Social change in contemporary BritainAlienation and freedom: The factory worker and his identity.Getting the goods: Ports, labor and the logistics revolution.Occupational employment and wages.Box boats: How container ships changed the world.Trade union membership2008.Internal labor markets and manpower analysis.After Fordism.Labor market segmentation.12 Felixstowe receives over 1 million containers annually.139
TURKISH JOURNAL OF SOCIOLOGYCambridge Journal ofEconomics, 3Selling women short: The landmark battle for workers’ rights atWalmart.Industry and labour.Trade unionism in recession.Ninety percent of everything.attitudes and behavior.Métamorphoses du travailWork, Employment and Society 15Geoforum 60Ocean ships.Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, 45InternationalWork and Occupations 30industriellen production.Das ende der arbeitsteilung? Rationalisierung in derThe box: How the shipping container made the world smaller and theworld economy bigger.Walmart: Template for 21st century capitalism.Towards a new economic order: Post-Fordism, democracy and ecology.Journal of Transport Geography, 28La condition postmoderneCapital.economyPreface and introduction to a contribution to the critique of politicalWorkers divided.New earnings survey 1979-1999.New earnings survey 2008.Time and Society 5140
PennWork-Place: The social regulation of labor marketsClass, power and technology: Skilled workers in Britain and America.Society 6Work, Employment and–The Service IndustriesJournal 15Trade unionism in recession.Social change and economic life in Britain.Children of international migrants in Europe.Gender segregation and social change.British Journal of Sociology 36Sociology 39EuropeBritish Journal of––Industrial transformation in.Industrial Relations Journal, 23–Service Industries Journal, 13The genesis of modern managementmanagement.Distribution, planning and control: Managing in the era of supply chainEmployer strategy and the labour market.Time and Society 7Logistics clusters: Delivering value and driving growth.Fordism transformedThe organization of industry.141
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Logistics Employment Work Labour markets Post-modernism Time Economic sociology Citation: Penn, R. (2016). Stratification and work in contemporary logistics. Turkish Journal of Sociology, 36, 125–142. 1 Correspondence to: Roger Penn (PhD), School of Sociology, Social Policy and Social Work, Queen’s University .
Source: Macionis, John J. Society: The Basics, 12e. H. Social Stratification. 4.a. Theories of Stratification Types: Functionalism vs. Neo-Marxism i. 1920. s - late 1960. s: Structural-Functionalists believe that stratification is a function of social values. Society values some positions
Social stratification is a difficult topic to teach to undergraduate students, especially given the popular American ethic of individualism. This paper describes an activity designed to simulate key aspects of social stratification, including the nature and impact of social structure. Discussion following the game often highlights not only the material and economic aspects of stratification .
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