Unit 2: Water! From Waves To Weather Lesson 3 Water Cycle

Unit 2: Water! WATER CYCLENow You See It; Now You Don’t!Think about it.What happens if you add heat energy and wind to water?ExploreDo Evaporation Race experiment in small groups. Ask a question,What happens if you add heat energy and wind to water? Do background research. Construct a hypothesis.“If (I do this), then (this) will happen.” Make a prediction. Test with an experiment.Create a control rag (Rag #1). Wet rag. Gently squeeze out excess water. Spread out ragon concrete in sun. Create a variable rag (Rag #2): Wet rag. Gently squeeze out excesswater. Keep in a ball in sun. Create another variable rag (Rag #3): Wet rag. Gently squeezeout excess water. Spread out rag and hang on a clothesline in sun. Describe how wet eachrag is every thirty minutes using words (examples: wet, damp,dry). Create a chart to recordresults. Analyze data. Communicate results.14Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative * U2.L3.A2 * www.reefpulsehawaii.com

Reef Pulse - U2 L3 A2ExplainThe water cycle does not have a first step. Tutu kane says that becomesthe same question as deciding where a circle begins. But, this lesson startswith evaporation. During evaporation, water changes from liquid into gas.What happens when you add heat energy to water?Scientists Say.transpiration whenplant leaves give offwater vapor into theatmosphere.Evaporation! Heat energy from the sun causes water to change froma liquid to water vapor (gas). The water vapors rise into theatmosphere. Aunty says to remember water never disappears! It justchanges form.The sun drives the process of evaporation on Earth.What happens if you add heat and wind to water?Evaporation occurs more quickly! Tutu says, think of a hair dryercompared to standing in the sun to dry long hair. The wind applies aforce that breaks the water molecules into smaller pieces. Smallerpieces evaporate faster. It also blows these pieces away, which makesroom in the air for more droplets to evaporate).InterestingFactEvaporation fromoceans, seas, lakes,and rivers providesabout 90 percent ofthe atmosphere’smoisture.Transpiration providesabout 10 percent.Just for FunTrace the outline ofa puddle with chalk.Observe the sizeof the puddle a fewhours later on a sunnyday.Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative * U2.L3.A2 * www.reefpulsehawaii.com1515

Unit 2: Water! WATER CYCLENow You See It; Now You Don’t!Think about it.What happens when ocean water evaporates?ElaborateMake a salt painting individually. Paint a watercolor picture with salty water!Use a second cup of plain water to rinse your brush between colors. Pat dry onpaper towel. Let painting dry in the sun.Observe.How it worksSalt stays behind! It stays behind in the ocean too. You can see this on yourpainting. Heat energy evaporated water. Paint pigment and salt do not evaporate.16Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative * U2.L3.A2 * www.reefpulsehawaii.com

Reef Pulse - U2 L3 A2EvaluateWhat is evaporation?Answer by drawing in box one of the Water Cycle worksheet (U2-L3A2-page 18). Draw a picture in box one illustrating evaporation.For older students: Write something you learned about evaporationbelow your drawing. Continue this Evaluate worksheet again in activities three andfour (U2.L3.A3-page 25 and 31).Why is the ocean salty?InterestingFactSalt in the oceancomes from rocks onland. Water erodeschlorine and sodiumin rocks. Rivers andstreams carry themto the oceans. Waterevaporates from theocean, but leavesthe salt behind.Did You Know?Evaporation of oceanwater helps powerhurricanes. Moisturefrom evaporationhelps build thestorm. That moisturebecomes rain.AssessSC.K.1.1 Use the senses to make observations.SC.K.1.2 Ask questions about the world around them.SC.1.2.2 Describe a variety of changes that occur in nature.SC.1.6.1 Identify solids, liquids and gases and their basic properties.SC.1.8.1 Describe that the sun warms the land, air, and water.SC.2.6.1 Identify ways to change they physical properties of objects.Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative * U2.L3.A2 * www.reefpulsehawaii.comNOAA LinkLearn more aboutevaporation andsaltwater with thisNOAA NationalWeather Serviceactivity.www.noaa.govSearch “A FunnyTaste”1717

Now You See It: Now You Don’t! (U2.L3.A2-Evaluate)18Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative * U2.L3.A2 * www.reefpulsehawaii.com

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Unit 2: Water! WATER CYCLEBumpin’ and Clumpin’(Condensation)What iscondensation?Waterchanging fromgas to liquid!Water vapor condenses as it rises into cooler air, forming clouds.Ready?MaterialsThe Cloud Book (J 551.5 D)Glass jar (1 per group)Hot waterMetal pie pan (1 per group)Ice cubes (several per group)Plastic bottle and top (1 liter)MatchesWater Cycle worksheet(U2-L3-A2-page 18)Coloring .1.6.1SC.2.6.120EngageCheck out The Cloud Book by Tomie de Paola (J 551.5 D).ExploreMake hot water and pour into tempered glass jars.Set? Unit 1-Lesson 2-Activity 1: In What State Am I? (States of Matter)Unit 1-Lesson 2-Activity 5: Making Changes (Changing States)Unit 2-Lesson 3-Activity 1: What Goes Around (Water)Unit 2-Lesson 3-Activity 2: Now You See It; Now You Don’t (Evaporation)Unit 2-Lesson 3-Activity 4: The Sky Is Falling (Precipitation)Unit 2-Lesson 3-Activity 5: Where Water Goes (Accumulation)Unit 2-Lesson 4-Activity 6: It’s Raining, It’s Pouring (Rainfall)Go!Develop Know-Wonder-Learn chart with students.Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative * U2.L3.A3 * www.reefpulsehawaii.com

Reef Pulse - U2 L3 A3Think about it.What makes up clouds?EngageWhat’s in aWord?Read The Cloud Book by Tomie de Paola as a class.Condense comesfrom the Latin wordcondensare, whichmeans “to makedense.”Hawaii NeiIn Hawaii, somedays are so clearno clouds form, butthere is still watervapor in the air.Often we feel it ashumidity.NOAA LinkLearn how to spotdifferent types ofclouds with thiscloud spotter wheelfrom NOAA’sNational WeatherService.www.noaa.govSearch “CloudSpotter Wheel”Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative * U2.L3.A3 * www.reefpulsehawaii.com21

Unit 2: Water! WATER CYCLEBumpin’ and Clumpin’Think about it.What is condensation?ExploreObserve condensation in small groups. Hold metal pie pan with ice cubes over jar of boiling water. Observe a cloud form below the pan. Observe water droplets condense and fall like rain.22Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative * U2.L3.A3 * www.reefpulsehawaii.com

Reef Pulse - U2 L3 A3ExplainOnce water evaporates, it rises into the air. As it does so, it loses heatenergy. Uncle says that means it cools. When it cools, the water vaporchanges back into a liquid. This is called condensation!What makes up clouds?Water droplets! Clouds look like big cotton balls in the sky. But they arereally many water droplets joined together. Cool air, a lot of watervapor, and tiny pieces of dust form clouds!InterestingFactWhen nights areclear and cool, thetemperature may below enough for watervapor to condenseinto tiny drops onthe ground. We callit dew.What is condensation?Liquid! Aunty says this occurs when warm and cold air meet. Warm airholds more water vapor than cold. Warm air also rises, like the steamfrom the jar. The ice in the pie pan made the air around the pan cold.Since cold air cannot hold as much water vapor as the warm air aroundit, the water vapor around the bottom of the pan condensed into liquiddrops.ScientistsSay.coalescence, forthe process of waterdroplets comingtogether to formbigger drops.Just for funSet a glass of icewater out on thetable. Come back inthree minutes. Howdid water dropletsget on the outside ofyour glass?Answer: The warmair condensed intowater droplets whenit came into contactwith the cooler airnear the surface ofthe glass.Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative * U2.L3.A3 * www.reefpulsehawaii.com2323

Unit 2: Water! WATER CYCLEBumpin’ and Clumpin’Think about it.How do clouds form?ElaborateObserve cloud demonstration as a class. Fill the bottom of a bottle with warm water.Cover with cap. Shake water around in bottle.Twist off cap. Light match. **Adults only**Allow to burn for a couple seconds. Blow match out.Place head of match in bottle. Let smoke from match fill bottle. Drop into bottle. Cap. Squeeze sides of bottle really hard seven to ten times. Squeeze and hold bottle for ten seconds.Use strong pressure. Release!Observe cloud wisps. Pump bottle again if you cannot see wisps.How it worksCondensation! Water vapor cooling air dust or smoke pressure forms clouds.Tiny bits of dust and smoke in the air act as a nucleus (center) to form around.Uncle says squeezing the bottle in this activity added another important ingredient informing clouds: pressure! The change in air pressure made the air inside cool down.Remember what happens when warm air meets cool air? It condenses!24Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative * U2.L3.A3 * www.reefpulsehawaii.com

Reef Pulse - U2 L3 A3EvaluateWhat is condensation?Answer by drawing in box two of the Water Cycle worksheet(U2-L3-A2-page 18).KeikiStorytimeCloud Dance andWater Dance byThomas Locker(E Lo) Draw a picture in box two illustrating condensation.For older students: Write something you learned about condensationbelow your drawing. Continue this Evaluate coloring page again in Activity four(U2.L3.A4-page 31).Why does condensation not form on the outside of a hotdrink?Did You Know?Russia and Chinaregularly addparticles of dust toclouds in an attemptto “seed” clouds forrain.On a relatedNoteAssessThe United States“seeded” for snowduring the 1960Olympics at LakeTahoe, California.SC.K.1.1 Use the senses to make observations.SC.K.1.2 Ask questions about the world around them.SC.1.2.2 Describe a variety of changes that occur in nature.SC.1.6.1 Identify solids, liquids and gases and their basic properties.ScientistsSay.SC.2.6.1 Identify ways to change they physical properties of objects.particles, for thetiny bits of dust andsmoke in the air.Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative * U2.L3.A3 * www.reefpulsehawaii.com2525

Unit 2: Water! WATER CYCLEThe Sky is Falling(Precipitation)What isprecipitation?Water fallingfrom the sky!Water droplets combine in clouds until they grow too heavy and fall.MaterialsCotton balls (1 bag)Eye dropper (1 per pair)WaterPaper towels (1 per student)Writing MaterialsChair (1 per group)Cubbie bin (1 per group)Water Cycle worksheet(U2-L3-A2-page 18)Coloring .1.2.2SC.1.6.1Ready?Nothing to prepare.Set? Unit 2-Lesson 3-Activity 1: What Goes Around (Water)Unit 2-Lesson 3-Activity 2: Now You See It; Now You Don’t (Evaporation)Unit 2-Lesson 3-Activity 3: Bumpin’ and Clumpin’ (Condensation)Unit 2-Lesson 3-Activity 5: Where Water Goes (Accumulation)Unit 2-Lesson 4-Activity 5: Bad Hair Day (Humidity)Unit 2-Lesson 4-Activity 6: It’s Raining, It’s Pouring (Rainfall)Go!Develop Know-Wonder-Learn chart with students.SC.2.6.126Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative * U2.L3.A4 * www.reefpulsehawaii.com

Reef Pulse - U2 L3 A4Think about it.How does water cycle back from the atmosphere to Earth?EngageKeikiStorytimePretend to be rain as a class.The Snowflake: AWater Cycle Storyby Neil Waldman(J 551.48 Wa) Be a water droplet.Skip around the room by yourself. Become a small cloud.Link arms with another student. Slow down so you are walking. Become a bigger cloud.Link arms with another pair. Slow down even more like you are carryingsomething heavy. Become rain.Fall to the floor as a group.What’s in aWord?Precipitation comesfrom the Latin wordpraecipitationem,which means “to fallheadlong.”Hawaii NeiThe Hawaiianlanguage has over100 words for rain.Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative * U2.L3.A4 * www.reefpulsehawaii.com27

Unit 2: Water! WATER CYCLEThe Sky is FallingThink about it.What happens when water droplets in clouds get too heavy?ExploreDo the Cloud Drip experiment with a partner! Ask a question,What happens when water droplets in clouds get too heavy? Do background research. Construct a hypothesis.“If (I do this), then (this) will happen.” Make a prediction. Test with an experiment.Partner 1: Hold a cotton ball above a paper towel. Use an eye dropper to add one dropof water at a time. Stop when cotton ball drips water onto the paper towel. Partner 2:Record how many drops were added. Switch roles. Analyze data. Communicate results.Create a class chart to compare data. Share your findings.28Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative * U2.L3.A4 * www.reefpulsehawaii.com

Reef Pulse - U2 L3 A4ExplainPrecipitation occurs when water falls from clouds. Precipitation can berain, sleet, snow, or hail. Tutu says precipitation provides Earth withfreshwater.How does water cycle back from the atmosphere to Earth?Precipitation! Water droplets collide (crash) into each other all thetime, inside a cloud. Instead of breaking, they grow bigger andbigger. Have you ever watched a raindrop slide down a window?What happens as it comes to other drops? They combine! Dropletsin clouds do the same thing.What happens when water droplets in clouds get too heavy?Falls to the ground! Just like the cotton ball (cloud) in your activity,once too many water droplets accumulate, it gets heavy and it willfall to the ground as precipitation.Did You Know?The droplets ofwater in a cloud areso small it takesabout one million ofthem to form a singleraindrop.On a RelatedNoteClouds can weighthe same amountas a refrigerator. Asthe water moleculesin the cloud collidewith each otherthey grow largereventually resultingin rain or fog or otherprecipitation.Hawaii NeiIn Hawaii, mostprecipitation falls asrain, but it does getcold enough on thetops of tall volcanoesto snow!NOAA LinkCheck out theprecipitation forecastfor your areawith the NationalWeather Service.www.weather.gov Enter your cityand stateHawaii Coral Reef Initiative * U2.L3.A4 * www.reefpulsehawaii.com2929

Unit 2: Water! WATER CYCLEThe SKy is FallingThink about it.What causes orographic rain?ElaborateDo the Orographic Rain activity in small groups (Mess Alert)! Choose one student as the mountain.Remaining group members are water vapor. Mountain: Place bin in front of chair. Stand on chair. Water vapors: Each person soak a cotton ball in water.Slowly lift cotton ball up the “mountain.” Mountain: Gather all cotton balls (water vapor) in your hand at the same time.Hold them at shoulder level in front of you. Make it rain!Squeeze cotton balls (cloud) into cubby bin.How it worksWarm air full of water vapor from the ocean! In Hawaii,warm air from the ocean soon meets the mountains.The mountains force the air up where it cools.When warm air cools, it condenses into clouds.The drops grow big enough to fall as rain. Mostof the rain falls on the near (windward) sideof the mountain. The far (leeward) side staysmuch drier. The clouds run out of excesswater by the time they drift that far!30Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative * U2.L3.A4 * www.reefpulsehawaii.com

Reef Pulse - U2 L3 A4Did You Know?EvaluateWhat is precipitation?Answer by drawing in box three of the Water Cycle worksheet(U2-L3-A2-page 18). Draw a picture in box three illustrating precipitation.For older students: Write something you learned about precipitationbelow your drawing.Why does water in the form of a cloud float while water inthe form of a raindrop fall?Although cloudsappear to float in thesky, they are actuallyvery heavy. Theyare able to stay upin the air becausethe water dropletswithin a cloud arecontinually pushedupward by aircurrents at a greaterrate than the rate atwhich gravity pullsthem downward.What’s in aWord?Oros is the Greekword for “mountain.”Orography is thestudy of mountains.AssessSC.K.1.1 Use the senses to make observations.SC.K.1.2 Ask questions about the world around them.SC.K.7.1 Identify that objects that will fall to the ground unless somethingis holding them up.Hawaii NeiSailors have longsaid windward forthe side toward thewind and leeward forthe side away fromthe wind.SC.1.2.2 Describe a variety of changes that occur in nature.SC.1.6.1 Identify solids, liquids and gases and their basic properties.SC.2.6.1 Identify ways to change they physical properties of objects.Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative * U2.L3.A4 * www.reefpulsehawaii.com3131

Unit 2: Water! WATER CYCLEWhat isaccumulation?Where Water Goes(Accumulation)watercollecting!Water gathers above and below ground.Ready?MaterialsCubbie bin (1 per group)Egg carton (1 per group)ScissorsAluminum foilWater canWater5-gallon bucket oraquarium tankGlass jars (3 jars)TapeTablespoonEye dropper2-liter plastic bottles (1 per group)Coffee filter (1 per group)Rubber bandAssorted soil(peat, sand, gravel, potting)Cup measureWriting materialsMap of your 6.1EngageCut egg carton into individual containers (1 carton per group).ExploreLabel aquarium “saltwater.”Label jars: “freshwater,” “groundwater,” “rivers and lakes.”ElaborateCut (latitudinal) two-liter plastic bottle in half.Set? Unit 2-Lesson 3-Activity 1: What Goes Around (Water)Unit 2-Lesson 3-Activity 2: Now You See It; Now You Don’t (Evaporation)Unit 2-Lesson 3-Activity 3: Bumpin’ and Clumpin’ (Condensation)Unit 2-Lesson 3-Activity 4: The Sky Is Falling (Precipitation)Unit 2-Lesson 3-Activity 5: Where Water Goes (Accumulation)Unit 2-Lesson 4-Activity 6: It’s Raining, It’s Pouring (Rainfall)Go!Develop Know-Wonder-Learn chart with students.SC.2.8.232Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative * U2.L3.A5 * www.reefpulsehawaii.com

Reef Pulse - U2 L3 A5Think about it.Where is water stored on Earth’s surface?EngageCreate water accumulation pools in small groups. Create mountains.KeikiStorytimeThe Water’s Journeyby Eleonore Schmid(E S)Set egg cartons in cubbie bin. Stack and tape egg cartons to formmountains. Cover ground.Use aluminum foil to cover the egg cartons. Form mountains, a valley,stream, and ocean. Mark a stream.Draw an ouline of a stream running through the middle of themountains and into the oce

Sing and do the motions to Water Cycle Song as a class. Sing to tune of Wheels on the Bus. Keiki Storytime The Drop Goes Plop: A First Look at the Water Cycle(Make circles with by Sam Godwin (J 551.48 Go) What’s in a Word? Cycle comes from the Greek word kyklos, which means “circle or wheel.” NOAA Link Learn more about the water cycle