PILOT’S GUIDE FOR THE KFC ISO/KAP 150 KAP FLIGHT CONTROL .
PILOT’S GUIDE FOR THEKFC ISO/KAP 150 & KAP 100FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEMSI -
CONTENTSIntroduction.KC 190. . . .KG258 . . . .KI 254 . . . . .KG 253 . . . . . . . .KI 204/206 . . . . . .KA185 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .KAS 2978 . . . . . . . . . . . . .System Monitor Description . . . .Modes of Operation .KFC 150 Flight Control System3. . . . .4GeneralDescription: KFC 150, KAP 150 and KAP 100 . . . . . . . . . .Silver Crown Panel-Mounted Flight Control System Capabilities . . . .System Integration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Typical KFC 150 Flight Control System (Diagram) . . . . . . . . . . .Typical KAP 150 Autopilot System (Diagram) . . . . . .Typical KAP 100 Autopilot System (Diagram) . . . . . .56. . . . .7. . . . .8. . . . .9. . . . . . . . . . .10. . . . . . . .I1. . . . . . . .I1. . . . . . . .I2. . . . . . . . . . . .I2. . . . . . . . . . . .I2. . . . . . . . . . . .io. . . . . . . . . . . .io. . . . . . . . . . .ll. . . . . . . .I1. . . . . . . . . . . .12. . . . . . . . . . . .I2. . . . . . . . . . .I2. . . . . . . .13. . . . .14-15.Operatingthe KFC 150 SystemInitial Power On . . . . . . . . . . . . . .System Self Test. .Attitude Reference Mode of Operation . . . .Flight Director ModeAutopilot EngagemeApproach Mode (APR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Back Course Mode (BC) . . . . . . . . . . .Altitude Hold Mode (ALT)Auto/Manual Trim .ControlWheel Steering Mode (CWS) . . . . .KFC 150 Operating ProceduresTakeoff and Climb to Assigned AltitudeOutboundon Front Course for ProceduFront Course ILS Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .VOR/RNAV Capture . . . . . . . . . .Long Range NAVTracking .The KAP 150 Autopilot System . . . . . . . . . . . . .Modes of Operation. . . . . . . . . . .I6.2021. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22. . . . . . .23. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23. . . . .24-25. . . . .30-3132. . . . . . . .33. . . . .34-35Initial Power On .36. . . . . . . . . . .36System Self Test.37Attitude Referencof Operation .37Autopilot Mode (AP) .HeadingSelect Mode (HDG) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38NavigationMode Usingthe KG 107/KI206 Indicators(NAV, VOR, RNAV) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39NavigationMode Using the Optional KI 525A PNI. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40(NAV, VOR, RNAV) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Approach Mode Usingthe KG 107/KI 206 InApproach Mode Using the Optional KI 525A PNI (APR) .Back Course Mode Using the KG 107/KI206 Indicators (BC). 4445Back Course Mode Using the Optional KI 525A PNI (BC) .46Altitude Hold Mode (ALT). . . . . . . . . . . .47Auto/Manual Trim . . . . . .47Control Wheel Steering Mode (CWS) .KAP 150 Operating Procedures. . . . .48-49Take off and Climb to Assigned AltitudeOutboundon Front Course for ProcedureTurn toILS Approach (KG 107/KI 206) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50-511
Outbound on Front Course for ProcedureTurn to ILS Approach (KI 525A) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52-5354-55Front Course ILS Approach (KG 107/KI206) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56-57Front Course ILS Approach (KI 525A) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58-59RNAV Capture (KG 107/KI 206) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60.61RNAV Capture (KI 525A) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Long Range NAV Tracking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62The KAP 100 Autopilot System . . . . . . . . .63Modes of Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64.65Operating the KAP 100 System. . . .66System Self-Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Attitude Reference Mode of Operation . . . . . . . . . .67Autopilot Mode (AP) . . . . . . .67Heading Select Mode (HDG). . . .68NavigationMode Using the KG 107/KI 206Indicators(NAV) (VOR. RNAV) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .69NavigationMode Using the Optional KI 525A PNI(NAV) (VOR. RNAV) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71.Approach Mode Usingthe KG 107/KI206 Indicator (APR) . . . . . . . .Approach Mode Usingthe Optional KI 525A PNI (APR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72Back Course Mode Using the KG 107/KI 206 Indicators (BC) . . . . . . 73Back Course Mode Using the Optional KI 525A P. 74Manual Electric Trim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75Control Wheel Steering Mode (CWS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75.KAP 100 Operating ProceduresOutbound on Front Course for Proc. . . . .76.77ILS Approach (KG 107/KI 206)Outbound on Front Course for ProcILS Approach (KI 525A) . . . . . . . . .78.79. . . . .80.81Front Course ILS Approach (KG 107/KI206)Front Course ILS Approach (KI 525A) . . . . . . . . 32-83. . . . 34-85RNAV Capture (KG 107/KI206) .RNAV Capture (KI 525A). . . . .86.87Long Range NAV Tracking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88Optional KAS 2978 Altitude and Vertical Speed Selector . . . . . . . . . . .89Altitude Preselect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .90Altitude Alerting. . . . . . .90Vertical Speed Preselect . . . . . . .91.Vertical Speed Synch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .91Test Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .91KAS 2978 Operating ProcedureAltitude Profile . . . . .92.93KCS 55A Compass System . . . . . . .95KI 525A Indicator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .96Descriptionof Indicator and Display Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . .97.98Slaving Meter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .99KMTll2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .100KG102A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .100Operating Instructions . . . . . . . . . . .101-102KCS 55A Fliaht Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .103. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104Vectors tolntercept a Radial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105-106Turn to InterceptVictor Airway . . . . . . . . . .Airway Interception . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .107Holding Pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108ILS Approach Front Course . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109Reverse Localizer Approach (BC) . . . . . .110General Emergency Procedures. . . . . . 111Optional NAV I/NAV 2 Switching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113System Weight and Power Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115. . . . . . . .Back CoverBendidKingWarranty Service . . . . . . . . .2
INTRODUCTIONThe pressures of single-pilot instrument flying place critical demands on theskill and concentration of any pilot.To help you meet the challenge, KingRadio has developed three digital, panelmounted Silver Crown flight control systemsfor single and twin engine aircraft.These systems bring digital flight control technology from the flight deck of thenew generation airliners to the cockpits ofpiston powered aircraft for the first time.The result is lightweight, compact flight control systems which incorporatethe functionsof computer, mode selector, and annunciator in a single, panel-mounted unit. Thesedigital panel-mounted systems use fewerparts than previous generation flight controlsystems for singles and twins. And fewerparts mean potentially greater reliability.'It's also significant that these SilverCrown flight control systems have beendesigned from the beginning to interfacewith your Silver Crown package ofCOMM/NAV Pulse products. Consider theadvantage of having your avionics workingtogether as an integrated system ratherthan as a group of unrelated componentsbuilt by several manufacturers.To fully utilize the impressive capabilities of your new digital, panel-mountedflight control system, you must understandthe performance capabilities and basicoperational requirements of theseadvanced-design Silver Crown systems.This pilot's guide is divided into three sections. The first provides a general familiarization with each flight control systemincluding the associated panel-mounteddisplays. The second section describeseach system, including the KCS 55A slavedcompass system and its operation, as wellas optional altitude preselect/alertingandvertical speed hold. The final section covers emergency procedures and optionalNAV 1/NAV 2 switching.3
GENERAL DESCRIPTION:KFC 150, KAP 150 AND KAP 100--KFC 150 Flight Control SystemKAP 100 Autopilot SystemThe KFC 150 is the ultimate panelmounted digital flight control system for singles and twins. It has the autopilot capability you need, plus a complete flight directorsystem. The flight director provides attitudecommands for the pilot to hand-fly, or displays to the pilot the commands being followed by the autopilot. The KFC 150 hascapabilities similar to King's popular KFC200 Flight Control System.The KAP 100 Autopilot System is asingle-axis panel-mounted digital systemwhich extends Silver Crown quality and reliability to an entirely new entry-level capability. The KAP 100 Autopilot is the mostaffordable option in the Silver Crown line offlight control systems and offers many substantial workload relief benefits.The following chart highlights the majorattributes of each of the three systemsU P 150 AutotMot SvstemThe M P 150 Autopilot System is atwo-axis, panel-mounted digital systemwhich delivers highly sophisticated IFRcapability. It has modes and functions similar to the KFC 150 but has no flight director.4
B0DDBDDDBDDBBBPBBBBDBBDDBDDBDBBBDBDSILVER CROWN PANEL-MOUNTEDFLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM CAPABILITIESTwo AxisSingle AxisFlight DirectorKI 525A PNIKG 107 DGKG 258 Horizon ReferenceIndicatorKI 256 Flight CommandIndicatorAutomatic ElectricElevator TrimManual Electric TrimYaw DamperKFC 150YesYesStandardKAP 150KAP rdStandardStandardYes-StandardStandardOptional forsome aircraftStandardStandardOptional forsome aircraft-Optional forsome aircraftOptional forsome aircraftOptional forsome aircraftOptional forsome aircraftOptional forsome aircraft-ALT Hold (ALT)ALT PreselectHeading Select (HDG)NAV (VOR/RNAV)Approach (APR)Glideslope (GS)Back Course (BC)Control Wheel Steering YesYesYesYesYesStandardVertical Speed HoldVertical TrimAuto CaptureAuto TrackAll AngleInterceptAuto 45-degree onal (withKI 525A)Standard (withKG 107)KA 185 RemoteMode AnnunciatorKAS 2978 Altitude Preselect/Alerting, Vertical Speed HoldFUNCTIONS/MODES TESTManual and AutoTrim MonitorBothBothRoll Rate MonitorPitch Rate MonitorYesYesYesYesOptional--YesYesYesYesOptional withKing manualelectric trimYesYesOptional (withKI 525A)Standard (withKG 107)Manual Trim Monitor(with King manualelectric trim option)YesNOTE: The KFC 150, KAP 150 and KAP 100 are designed as independent systems to maximize their individual capabilities. Therefore they are not designed for conversionfrom one system to another.IMPORTANT: This Pilot's guide provides a general descriptionof various operational characteristicsof theKFC 150, KAP 150 and KAP 100 Flight Control Systems. However,operation of a system should not beattempted without reviewingthe specific information in the FAA approved Aircraft Flight Manual Supplementfor your particularaircraft type.5
SYSTEMS INTEGRATIONThe individual systems diagrams onpages 7,8, and 9, show the componentsand their relationships in typical KFC 150,U P 150 and KAP 100 Flight ControlSystems. The actual components used onindividual aircraft may vary slightly in orderto optimize certification and installationrequirements.Each system has a number of inputsand outputs: sensor outputs are shown inred; computation inputs shown in blue; display outputs shown in orange; and aircraftcontrol shown in green. The systems diagrams reflect that the KAP 150 and KFC150 systems control both pitch and roll axesof the aircraft. The KAP 100, being a single-axis system, controls only the roll axis ofthe aircraft. All sensor information (pitchand roll reference, heading and coursedatum, RNAV/VOR/LOC/GS deviation andflags, marker receiver and static pressure[altitude] is fed into the system's flight computer).The flight computer computes pitchand roll steering commands (or in the caseof the KAP 100, roll commands only). In theKFC 150 system these commands are routed through the KI 256 Flight CommandIndicator (FCI), where they are displayed onthe V-Bar as visual guidance commands.6In all three systems these steeringcommands are fed to the autopilot computation circuits contained in the appropriateflight computer which generates the commands for the individual servos to manipulate the ailerons, elevator and elevator trim.An optional yaw channel is available forsome aircraft, but is independent of pitchand roll commands.Using the same pitch and roll commands in the KFC 150 system for flightdirector and autopilot provides totally consistent flight director steering command andautopilot control. There is no disagreementin computation. The autopilot simply converts the pitch and roll steering commandsfrom the flight computer, displayed on theV-Bar in the FCI, into the required elevatorand aileron position commands. Full integration of flight director and autopilot allowsthe pilot to delegate the manual effort of flying the aircraft to the autopilot while monitoring its activity with the flight director.
TYPICAL KAP 100 AUTOPILOT SYSTEMMiddleVOWLOC/RNAVKA 185 Mode Annunciator(Optionalon some aircraft).KC functions, modecontrol buttons,and annunciatorlights in asingle unit.IRoll AttitudeHeadingSelectKG 258 AttitudeReference Indicator& Course DatumIIIIIIIIIIIKS 179PitchTrimServo-DIIKG 107DirectionalGyroKI 204 or other CourseDeviation Indicator(not included).-III.OR 14IIKI 3.cm ricioriaiNavigation IndicatorIIIIAutopilot DisconnecffII7(7)III IL,I-1KMT112FluxDetectorIIIIIIKG 102ASlaved DGKCS 55A SlavedCompass System(Optional)IRKA 51Aa-51BSlaving AccessoryIIIIIManual ElectricTrim (Optional)Control WheelSteering (Optional)This is a Single-Axis (Roll) System.9
DESCRIPTION OF PANEL UNITSKC 192 Mode Controller/Computer/AnnunciatorThe KC 192 Mode Controller/Computer/Annunciator for the KFC 150 system incorporates all computer functions,mode control buttons and annunciator lightsin a single panel-mounted unit. The KC 192annunciates all vertical and lateral flightdirector and autopilot system modes.In addition, the KC 192 has seven push buttons for engaging flight director and/orautopilot modes, a push button to initiate asystem self-test, and a vertical trim rockerswitch to allow for changing the aircraft'spitch up or down without disconnecting theautopilot.T R I hlKC 191 Mode Controller/Computer/AnnunciatorThe KC 191 Mode Controller/Computer/Annunciator for the KAP 150incorporates the functions of a computer,mode controller and annunciator lights in asingle, panel-mounted unit. The KC 191annunciates all vertical and lateral autopilotsystem modes. In addition, the KC 191 hassix push buttons for engaging autopilotmodes, a push button to initiate system selftest, and a vertical trim rocker switch toallow for changing the aircraft pitch up ordown without disconnecting the autopilot.KC 190 Mode Controller/Computer/AnnunciatorThe KC 190 Mode Controller/Computer/Annunciator for the KAP 100incorporates the functions of a computer,mode controller and annunciator lights in asingle, panel-mounted unit. The KC 190annunciates all lateral autopilot system10modes. In addition, the KC 190 has five buttons for engaging autopilot modes, and apush button to initiate system self-test.
KI 256 Flight Command indicator (FCI)KG 258 Horizon Reference IndicatorThe KI 256 displays the followinginformation:Pitch and roll attitude.Flight Director pitch and rollcommands.DH (decision height) annunciationwhen used with a radar altimeter.The KI 256 contains an air-drivenvertical gyro. Engine(s) must be running, pressure or vacuum system operating and gyro up to speed before thesystem will operate. Allow three minutes for the gyro to come up to speed.The KG 258 displays the followinginformation:Pitch and roll attitude.DH (decision height) annunciationwhen used with a radar altimeter.The KG 258 contains an air-drivenattitude reference indicator. Engine(s)must be running before the system willoperate. Allow three minutes for thegyro to come up to speed.KI 254 Electric Flight Command Indicator( WKG 253 Electric Horizon ReferenceIndicatorThe KG 253 displays the followinginformation:Pitch and roll attitude.DH (decision height) annunciationwhen used with a radar altimeter.The KG 253 is an electric attitudereference indicator. Electrical power(D.C.) must be applied in order for theunit to operate. Immediately followingelectrical power turn-on, the knoblabeled "Pull to Erect" should be pulledout with a moderate, even pull andheld in the out position for approximately three seconds. The knobshould then be released quickly butsmoothly. Erecting the unit should onlyby accomplished while the aircraft isrelatively level on the ground or in levelflight. The gyro must be up to speedbefore the system will operate. Allowthree minutes for the gyro to come upto speed.The KI 254 displays the followinginformation:Pitch and roll attitude.Flight Director pitch and roll commands.DH (decision height) annunciationwhen used with a radar altimeter.The KG 254 contains an electricvertical gyro. Electrical power (D.C.)must be applied in order for the unit tooperate. Immediately following electrical power turn-on, the knob labeled"Pull to Erect" should be pulled out witha moderate, even pull and held in theout position for approximately threeseconds. The knob should then bereleased quickly but smoothly.Erecting the unit should only beaccomplished while the aircraft is relatively level on the ground or in levelflight. The gyro must be up to speedbefore the system will operate. Allowthree minutes for the gyro to come upto speed.11
KI 204/206KA 185KI 204/206 Course Deviation IndicatorThe KI 204/206 displays the following:VOR/LOC/GLIDESLOPE Deviations.Course Select (06s).TO/FROM Flag Indication.The KI 204/206 is used with the KN 53,KX 155 or KX 1758, and the KN 75Glideslop
lowed by the autopilot. The KFC 150 has capabilities similar to King's popular KFC 200 Flight Control System. UP 150 AutotMot Svstem The MP 150 Autopilot System is a two-axis, panel-mounted digital system which delivers highly sophisticated IFR capability. It has modes and functions simi- lar to the KFC 150 but has no flight director.
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