2025 New Holt Road Paducah, KY 42001 McCracken County
April 2018Horticulture News inMcCracken CountyCooperative Extension ServiceMcCracken County2025 New Holt RoadPaducah, KY 42001(270) 554-9520Fax: (270) 554-8283extension.ca.uky.eduFire Blight Alert and Risk Map OverviewBy: Nicole Ward Gauthier, Extension Specialist and Kimberly Leonberger, Extension AssociateApple trees are approaching bloom and many pear are in full bloom, especially in southwesternKentucky. Infection by the fire blight bacterium occurs during bloom, thus, protectant antibioticsshould be applied when risk is high.Risk for infection can be assessed using the Fire Blight Disease Prediction Model. Growers canassess local risk by selecting their county and orchard history. This model incorporates theprevious 4 days of weather data plus adds a 7-day forecast for estimating leaf wetness andtemperature (thereby estimating risk for bacterial growth and infection). There are 66 Mesonetweather stations throughout Kentucky, thus, weather information for the model is based on datafrom the closest weather station. For a mobile (phone or tablet) friendly version of this site, visithttp://weather.uky.edu/dim.html.Remember that apple and pear trees must be in bloom for predictions to be accurate. The mapoverview presented here indicates fire blight risk as of April 1, 2018 (Figure 1). According to thecurrent assessment, risk is low. A rain event, however, can increase that risk. Growers areencouraged to check the model regularly for the most accurate analyses and county-specificforecasts.Information regarding prevention and management of fire blight can be found in:Commercial Fruit Pest Management Guide (ID-232)Backyard Apple Disease Management Using Cultural Practices (PPFS-FR-T-21)Fire blight (PPFS-FR-T-12)Fire blight of Apple (Video)April 1, 2018Toolbox Garden Series:A free class on the first Tuesday of each month at 5:00 p.m.April 10th: Recycling in the Garden with Katana Darnell, Master GardnerMay 1st: Learn About Tea with Peter Barnett, from Piper Tea & Coffee (The first 35 to attend get to participate intea brewing)June 5th:
Remember Safety with Standby Generators on the FarmSources: Doug Overhults, UK extension professor in Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering; National FireProtection Association, American Red Cross, Centers for Disease Control and PreventionStandby generators provide emergency electrical power during disruptions caused by winter storms and otherdisasters. However, you need to take some special precautions to ensure safe, efficient operation of these generators.Purchase a generator that will supply more than what you need, so you don’t blow a fuse or damage the equipmentyou plan to attach to the generator. You’ll find power information on the labels of appliances, lighting and otherequipment. The wattage on a light bulb indicates the amount of power it needs.The main hazards of using a generator are carbon monoxide poisoning, electric shock and fire. There are someprecautions you can take to make sure you don’t have a mishap.Use a double-throw type transfer switch if you’re connecting a standby generator directly to an existing electricalwiring system to provide power for a home, farm or small business. A double-throw switch allows you to place the switchinto two different positions.One position feeds normal power from the utility line to the load, such as the household or building circuit, just likethe power flows under normal circumstances. In the other position, it disconnects the utility line and feeds power fromthe standby generator to the household or building circuit.Remember, anytime a standby generator is wired or directly connected into a household or building wiring system,a transfer switch must be used for the connection.A double-throw type transfer switch is required by the National Electric Code and by electric utility companies fortwo very good reasons. First, it prevents power backflow from the standby generator through the utility power line. Thisprevents possible electrocution of utility linemen working to restore service to the power lines. Second, it preventsdamage to the standby generator when electrical service is restored; otherwise, the generator could be damagedextensively when power is re-established.You won’t need to use a double-throw type transfer switch if you’re plugging individual appliances like a refrigerator,freezer, sump pump or power tools directly into a small portable generator.These are some more safety considerations to remember when using standby generators:Ground the generator using No. 6 copper wire and an 8-foot ground rod that is properly bonded to the electricalgrounding system.To avoid the possibility of carbon monoxide poisoning, never operate a standby generator in a basement or otherenclosed area or near windows or doors that may lead into living spaces. Use battery-operated carbon monoxidedetectors, and if you start to feel sick, dizzy or weak while using a generator, get fresh air right away.Use extreme caution when operating the generator in wet conditions.Use only approved containers to store fuel. Never refill fuel when the generator is running or while the engine is hot;always allow ample time for it to cool down first.Do not shut off the generator under load.For more information on transfer switches and other necessary measures for safe installation and use of standbygenerators, contact your local electric utility company or a qualified electrician. The McCracken County CooperativeExtension Service also has information on safety practices around the home, farm and business.
Prepare Your Garden For April ShowersSource: Richard Durham, UK horticulture specialistThere is no surer sign of spring than blooming gardens and flowerbeds, but what happens behind-the-scenes to getthem to that point?Much of the work goes in before you even break the soil. Before you dig in, it’s important to choose the proper site,plan what you will be growing, and prepare the soil to yield the best possible results. A garden is nothing without a goodfoundation, making it extra important to choose the correct site.Temperature is a large factor for optimal garden growth, so avoid low areas and spots bounded on the lower side bya solid fence or dense trees. These tend to create cooler temperatures longer into the spring, unlike the fast-warmingtendencies of a southern or southeastern exposure. Convenience is key, so make sure to choose a site accessible toyour house with enough access to water. Finding a balance between watering your plants and drowning them is vital.Choose a well-drained area, one that typically does not hold water for a day or more after rainfall. If poorly drained soil isdominant in your area, consider a raised bed garden.Once you select a site, it’s important to have a plan for its layout. Have a general idea of what vegetables or plantsyou wish to grow in the garden. Some, like tomatoes, peppers, or broccoli, may be available as transplants from localstores, but others will require purchasing seed. Every family has different dietary wants and needs, so knowing howmuch of each vegetable to grow is important. Your family may be satisfied with two plants of beans, but you may need12 tomato plants. Knowing your requirements and putting that into consideration when planning your site is helpful.The size of your garden is also a factor; in smaller areas, vegetables like peppers, tomatoes and cucumbersproduce well, but others may not. You are bound to the ground, so plan accordingly.It is important to remember that the soil nurtures the plants, so you need to nurture the soil. Effective gardens arenot formed naturally; they take a great deal of alteration to create. If there is surface grass on the site, remove it, turn itover with a shovel, or plow the area several weeks before planting. Once you’ve cleared the space, you can beginattending to the soil quality. Organic matter goes a long way in helping the fertility of the soil. Add 1-2 inches of compost,composted manure, peat moss, humus or other organic matter to the surface of the soil, working to a depth of 6-10inches. If you are considering adding fresh manure, avoid doing so within 120 days of crop harvest.Soil testing can provide valuable information about your garden site. Contact your county extension office if you areinterested in more information about soil testing.For more information on garden preparation and soil testing, contact the McCracken County Cooperative ExtensionService.Paducah's Downtown Farmers' MarketLocated at North 2nd and Monroe StreetsMonday through Friday, 7:30 am to 1 pm (limited number of vendors); Saturdays - 7:30 am to 1 pm(full market days)2018 Season runs from April 21 (limited number of vendors) through October 27.Celebration Saturday Events 2018May 5 - Grand Opening CelebrationJune 9 - Shortcake ShowdownJuly 21 - Super Food SaturdayAugust 25 - Hot August BluesSeptember 15 - Fiber Arts Festival (a partnership with Yeiser Art Center)
Upcoming MeetingsThe California Spring Trials. April 14-19, 2018. Many sites and plant companies see: http://www.americanhort.org/springtrialsCultivate 2018. July 14 - 17, 2018. Greater Columbus Convention Center, Columbus, Ohio. Contact:614.487.1117; e-mail, Cultivate@AmericanHort.org; url, http://cultivate18.orgASHS 2018 Annual Conference. July 31–August 3, 2018. The Washington Hilton Hotel, Washington, DC. Contact:ASHS, 113 South West Street, Suite 200, Alexandria, VA 22314-2851; 703.836.4606; fax,703.836.2024; url, http://www.ashs.org/conferences.htmlEcoStream: Stream Ecology and Restoration Conference. August 13-16, 2018. Renaissance Asheville Hotel,Asheville, NC. Contact: stream-conferenceInternational Plant Propagator's Society Tour hosted by the Eastern Region. September 11-22, 2018. New York,Long Island, & New Jersey to Newark, Delaware. Contact: Paul Cappiello, paulc@yewdellgardens.org or MargotBridgen, IPPS Executive Secretary/Treasurer, 1700 North Parish Dr., Southold, NY 11971; 631.765.9638; Fax,631.765.9648; e-mail, ippser@gmail.com ; url, http://ena.ipps.orgEastern Region International Plant Propagator’s Society (IPPS-ENA). September 23-26, 2018. Newark, Delaware.Contact: Margot Bridgen, IPPS Executive Secretary/Treasurer, 1700 North Parish Dr., Southold, NY 11971;631.765.9638; Fax, 631.765.9648; e-mail, ippser@gmail.com ; url, http://ena.ipps.orgNational Farm Machinery Show. February 13-16, 2019. Kentucky Exposition Center, 937 Phillips Lane, Louisville,Kentucky 40209. Contact: NFMS, P.O. Box 37130 Louisville, KY 40233-7130; 502.367.5004; url, http://www.farmmachineryshow.orgASHS 2019 Annual Conference. July 22–25, 2019. The Tropicana Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada. Contact: ASHS,113 South West Street, Suite 200, Alexandria, VA 22314-2851; 703.836.4606; fax, 703.836.2024; url, http://www.ashs.org/conferences.htmlNational Farm Machinery Show. February 12-15, 2020. Kentucky Exposition Center, 937 Phillips Lane, Louisville,Kentucky 40209. Contact: NFMS, P.O. Box 37130 Louisville, KY 40233-7130; 502.367.5004; url, http://www.farmmachineryshow.orgASHS 2020 Annual Conference. August 10-13, 2020. Rosen Plaza Hotel, 9700 International Dr, Orlando, FL 32819,Contact: ASHS, 113 South West Street, Suite 200, Alexandria, VA 22314-2851; 703.836.4606; fax, 703.836.2024;url, http://www.ashs.org/conferences.htmlNational Farm Machinery Show. February 10-13, 2021. Kentucky Exposition Center, 937 Phillips Lane, Louisville,Kentucky 40209. Contact: NFMS, P.O. Box 37130 Louisville, KY 40233-7130; 502.367.5004; url, http://www.farmmachineryshow.org
Fire Blight Alert and Risk Map OverviewGood cold afternoon, growers!Ironically, I’m announcing the beginning of apply bloom and, thereby, the start of fire blight season. Each week, I will send an alertthrough the apple-alert listserv (email list). If you are receiving this email, you are subscribed to that list. The weekly article willalso be available through the Kentucky Pest News newsletter each 9/The fire blight prediction model provides a county-specific risk assessment based on weather data. Links are included below andwill be included in each weekly alert. I encourage you to familiarize yourself with the model in advance of bloom, as well as the lifecycle of the causal bacterium. If you need help using the model or if you have questions, please do not hesitate to contactme. Nicole.Fire Blight Alert and Risk Map OverviewApple trees are approaching bloom and many pear are in full bloom, especially in southwestern Kentucky. Infection by the fire blightbacterium occurs during bloom, thus, protectant antibiotics should be applied when risk is high.Risk for infection can be assessed using the Fire Blight Disease Prediction Model. Growers can assess local risk by selecting theircounty and orchard history. This model incorporates the previous 4 days of weather data plus adds a 7-day forecast for estimatingleaf wetness and temperature (thereby estimating risk for bacterial growth and infection). There are 66 Mesonet weather stationsthroughout Kentucky, thus, weather information for the model is based on data from the closest weather station. For a mobile (phoneor tablet) friendly version of this site, visit http://weather.uky.edu/dim.html.Remember that apple and pear trees must be in bloom for predictions to be accurate. The map overview presented here indicates fireblight risk as of March 18, 2018 (Figure 1). According to the current assessment, risk is low due to the cool dry weather. A rainevent, however, can increase that risk. Growers are encouraged to check the model regularly for the most accurate analyses andcounty-specific forecasts.Information regarding prevention and management of fire blight can be found in:Commercial Fruit Pest Management Guide (ID-232)Backyard Apple Disease Management Using Cultural Practices (PPFS-FR-T-21)Fire blight (PPFS-FR-T-12)Fire blight of Apple (Video)Fire blight risk for Kentucky counties as of March 18, 2018.Dr. Nicole Ward GauthierExtension Plant Pathologistfor Fruit Crops, Ornamentals, and HempUniversity of KentuckyDepartment of Plant Pathology201 Plant Science BuildingLexington, KY 40546
Fire Blight Alert and Risk Map OverviewBy: Nicole Ward Gauthier, Extension Specialist and Kimberly Leonberger, Extension AssociateApple trees are approaching bloom and many pear are in full bloom, especially in southwestern Kentucky. Infection by the fireblight bacterium occurs during bloom, thus, protectant antibiotics should be applied when risk is high.Risk for infection can be assessed using the Fire Blight Disease Prediction Model. Growers can assess local risk by selecting theircounty and orchard history. This model incorporates the previous 4 days of weather data plus adds a 7-day forecast for estimatingleaf wetness and temperature (thereby estimating risk for bacterial growth and infection). There are 66 Mesonet weather stationsthroughout Kentucky, thus, weather information for the model is based on data from the closest weather station. For a mobile(phone or tablet) friendly version of this site, visit http://weather.uky.edu/dim.html.Remember that apple and pear trees must be in bloom for predictions to be accurate. The map overview presented here indicatesfire blight risk as of March 25, 2018 (Figure 1). According to the current assessment, risk is low. A rain event, however, can increase that risk. Growers are encouraged to check the model regularly for the most accurate analyses and county-specific forecasts.Information regarding prevention and management of fire blight can be found in:Commercial Fruit Pest Management Guide (ID-232)Backyard Apple Disease Management Using Cultural Practices (PPFS-FR-T-21)Fire blight (PPFS-FR-T-12)Fire blight of Apple (Video)Figure 1: Fire blight risk for Kentucky counties as of March 25, 2018.Sincerely,Kim LeonbergerAgriculture Extension AssociateUniversity of KentuckyDepartment of Plant Pathology
Don’t Forget Sprayer Maintenance During Spring CleaningSource: Tim Stombaugh, UK agricultural engineerRemember to include sprayer maintenance in your spring cleaning tasks. It will ensure that your spray equipment is ready forthe planting season, and save you time and money down the road.Taking care of sprayer maintenance prior to the hectic growing season can prevent time-consuming equipment breakdowns,higher chemical costs, reduced pesticide effectiveness and potential crop damage.Poorly maintained sprayers can cause variations in pesticide application rates. These variations can lead to ineffective pestcontrol and potential crop injury, resulting in higher chemical costs and reduced profits. Precise pesticide application is even moreimportant with the highly active agricultural chemicals we have on the market today.Make the following a part of your spray equipment cleaning chore:Rinse out the sprayer to remove any dirt that accumulated over the winter.Check the pump for excessive wear and to be sure it is operating at full capacity.Inspect sprayer lines for leaks.Visually inspect nozzles for excessive wear, corrosion or damage.Measure the output from each nozzle to ensure uniform application.Visually inspect spray from each nozzle to find any inconsistent patterns resulting from wear or damage.Clean filter screens and replace worn ones.Check the agitator for proper turbulence to ensure specific formulations are well mixed.On a driveway or other appropriate site, use water to check spray patterns for proper overlap.Inspect electrical connections on sprayer controllers for corroded or loose wires.For more information on farm maintenance practices, contact the McCracken County Cooperative Extension Service.Educational programs of the Cooperative Extension Service serve all people regardless of economic or social status and will notdiscriminate on the basis of race, color, ethnic origin, national origin, creed, religion, political belief, sex, sexual orientation, genderidentity, gender expressions, pregnancy, marital status, genetic information, age, veteran status, or physical or mentaldisability.Watch for the McCracken County Fair Rules ForExhibits to Enter Horticulture and AgricultureMonday, June 25th Enter Horticulture & AgricultureThursday, June 28th Enter Floral Design
Food Safety After FloodingStorms bringing heavy rainfall, flooding and power outages can also bring pollutants and contaminants to our food and water.After a flood, food and water may not b e safe to consume. To ensure the safety of their food, not only for themselves, but fortheir family and pets, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) reminds consumers to take the following precautions. First youwill want to identify and throw away any food that has come in contact with flood water. Flood water is dirty. It not onlycontains harmful bacteria that can cause illness; it could contain raw sewage and chemical residues such as gasoline, oil,detergents, or pesticides that can cause severe illness or even death if consumed.*Fresh fruits and vegetables that have been partially or completely submerged in floodwater or that might have come in contact with contaminated water are not safe toconsume. There is a high health risk of developing disease from consuming theseproducts. Flood water may be contaminated with sewage, animal waste, heavymetals, pathogenic microorganisms, or other contaminants. These contaminants arenot only on the surface of the fruits and vegetables, but may move into plant tissues.The Food and Drug Administration considers these products "adulterated" and not fitfor consumption. Pooled or standing water after a rainfall that is not likely to becontaminated should not be considered flooding.If your produce is in close proximity to a flooded area but has not come in contact with flood water, prevent crosscontamination by keeping harvesting or cleaning equipment and personnel away from the flooded area during growth andharvest.If an unplanted field has been partially or completely flooded, determine the source of flood water and determine whetherthere are significant threats to human health. Allow soils to dry sufficiently and rework the soil, before planting crops.Microbial soil testing can provide valuable information regarding relative health risks, but sampling in itself does not guaranteethe lack of human pathogens.Produce from flood-damaged gardens should not be sold at the farmers market or farm stand until the risk of contamination isgone. Produce should also not be used for home canning.**References: ies/Emergencies/ucm076881.htm**FDA Guide to Minimize Microbial Food Safety Hazards for Fresh Fruits and Vegetables (www.foodsafety.gov)Sources: Annhall Norris, Extension Associate and Sandra Bastin, PhD, RDN, LDFor Help with Warm-Season Weeds:Apply pre-emergent beforethe last petals of the forsythias (now in bloom)fall to the ground.Read more about at this link:https://knox.ca.uky.edu/files/weed control for home lawns.pdf
a solid fence or dense trees. These tend to create cooler temperatures longer into the spring, unlike the fast-warming tendencies of a southern or southeastern exposure. Convenience is key, so make sure to choose a site accessible to your house with enough access to water. Finding a balance
HOLT COUNTY TREASURE OF NORTHWEST MISSOURI is a 2013 Special Section of the Mound City News Published at 511 State St., Mound City, MO 64470 By Holt County Publishing, Inc. PAGE 2 2013 HOLT COUNTY VISITORS' GUIDE SUMMER 2013 Mound City Area Chamber of Commerce We'd Love To Help You Get To Holt County 5 LARGEST TOWNS OF HOLT COUNTY .
En camino Level 1B Humbach, Nancy A. Holt, Rinehart and Winston 002375Y !Ven Conmigo! Holt 2 Spanish TPR STORYTELLING BOOK Muirhead, Pablo Holt, Rinehart and Winston 002376F !Ven Conmigo! Holt Spanish Level 2 Humbach, Nancy A. Holt, Rinehart and Winston 002359J [tú y yo] B Vargas, David Edelsa 004512G
Gene pool The particular combination of alleles in a population at any one point in time. Adapted from Holt Biology 2008 . Adapted from Holt Biology 2008 Adapted from Holt Biology 2008 Chapter 17 Section 1: Genetic Variation Notes . Adapted from Holt Biology 2008 Adapted from Holt Biology
The first of the name in America was Randall or Randolph Holt who came over in The George in 1620. He married Mary Baily of Hog Island, North Carolina in 1626. He was 13 when he came over. They had two sons, John and Captain Michael Holt. (Descendants of John and Isabel Holt) A James Holt, Lancashire, England was buried in 1632 in Bolton Parish.
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