Reading Booklet

European Portuguese 1Reading Booklet

European Portuguese 1Travelers should always check withtheir nation’s State Department forcurrent advisories on local conditionsbefore traveling abroad.Booklet Design: Maia Kennedy and ‰ Recorded Program 2015 Simon & Schuster, Inc. Reading Booklet 2015 Simon & Schuster, Inc.Pimsleur is an imprint of Simon & Schuster Audio,a division of Simon & Schuster, Inc. Mfg. in USA.All rights reserved.ii

European Portuguese 1ACKNOWLEDGMENTSVoicesEnglish-Speaking Instructor . . . . . . . . . . . Ray BrownPortuguese-Speaking Instructor . . . . Francisco BecaFemale Portuguese Speaker . . . . . . . Cristina LobatoMale Portuguese Speaker . . André Toscano PeraltaCourse WritersCristina Lobato Elisabeth B. WeirEditorsAnne Cantú Beverly D. HeinleExecutive ProducerBeverly D. HeinleProducerSarah H. McInnisRecording EngineerPeter S. TurpinSimon & Schuster Studios, Concord, MAiii

European Portuguese 1Table of ContentsIntroduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1Unit Eleven . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Unit Twelve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Unit Thirteen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Unit Fourteen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Unit Fifteen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Unit Sixteen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Unit Seventeen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Unit Eighteen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Unit Nineteen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Unit Twenty. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Unit Twenty-One . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Unit Twenty-Two . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Unit Twenty-Three . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Unit Twenty-Four . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Unit Twenty-Five. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Unit Twenty-Six. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Unit Twenty-Seven . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Unit Twenty-Eight. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Unit Twenty-Nine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Unit Thirty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .910111213141516171819202122232425262728iv

European Portuguese 1IntroductionPortuguese (português or, in full, a línguaportuguesa) is a Romance language which is thesole official language of Portugal, Brazil, Angola,Mozambique, Cape Verde, São Tomé and Príncipe,and Guinea-Bissau. It also has co-official languagestatus in Macau (China), Equatorial Guinea, andEast Timor. As the result of Portugal’s explorationand expansion during the 15th and 16th centuries,Portuguese speakers are also found in Goa, Daman,and Diu in India; in Batticaloa on the east coast ofSri Lanka; and in Malacca in Malaysia. However, inthe widespread former Portuguese colonies, thelanguage has transformed over time. These variantsof Portuguese are generally mutually intelligibleto native speakers; the difference between themis comparable to that between British Englishand American English. There are grammaticaldifferences — word order and forms of address, forexample — as well as differences in intonation andpronunciation. Pimsleur’s European Portugueseteaches standardized European Portuguese asspoken in Portugal.Spanish author Miguel de Cervantes once calledPortuguese “the sweet and gracious language,”while the Brazilian writer Olavo Bilac poeticallydescribed it as a última flor do Lácio, inculta e bela

European Portuguese 1(“the last flower of Latium, rustic and beautiful”).Portuguese is also termed “the language of Camões,”after one of the greatest Portuguese literary figures,Luís Vaz de Camões.Very few Portuguese words can be traced to thepre-Roman inhabitants of Portugal. Some notableexamples are abóbora (“pumpkin”), bezerro(“year-old calf,” from the Celtiberian language)and cerveja (“beer,” from Celtic through Latin).The name of Portugal derives from “Portus Cale” or“warm port” – an early Roman settlement. When theRomans arrived in the Iberian Peninsula in 216 BC,they brought the Latin language with them, fromwhich all Romance languages descend. BetweenAD 409 and 711, as the Roman Empire collapsedin Western Europe, the Iberian Peninsula wasconquered by Germanic peoples. The occupiersquickly adopted late Roman culture and the VulgarLatin dialects of the peninsula. As they adopted theRoman civilization and language, however, thesepeople contributed some words to the lexicon,mostly related to warfare— such as espora (“spur”),estaca (“stake”), and guerra (“war”). The Moorishinvasion of 711 also influenced Portuguese.2

European Portuguese 1In turn, Portuguese influenced English. Here arejust a few of the English words which come fromPortuguese: albacore, albino, albatross, banana,baroque, breeze, buffalo, caravel, cobra, commando,dodo, embarrass, fetish, Labrador, mandarin,marmalade, molasses, monsoon, mosquito, palaver,Sargasso, savvy, tank, and veranda.Portugal became an independent kingdom in1139, under King Afonso I of Portugal. In 1290, KingDenis (Dinis) of Portugal created the first Portugueseuniversity in Coimbra, a city north of Lisbon, anddecreed that what was then simply called the“common language” be known as the Portugueselanguage and used officially.With approximately 210 to 215 million nativespeakers and 260 million total speakers, Portugueseis usually listed as the sixth most spoken languagein the world, the third most spoken Europeanlanguage, and the major language of the SouthernHemisphere. It is also an official language of theEuropean Union and Mercosul.In this course, you will learn several ways toaddress people when you’re speaking to themdirectly. Whereas English has only one word for3

European Portuguese 1“you,” Portuguese has several. The first pair ofwords you’ll learn is the most formal: a senhora,literally, “the lady,” and o senhor, “the gentleman.”For example, you’ll say, A senhora fala inglês? to aska woman, “Do you speak English?” and O senhor éamericano? to ask a man, “Are you American?”These two forms of “you” show respect. You shoulduse them when you are first introduced to someoneand also when you’re addressing someone olderthan you or in a higher professional position.When you get to know someone better, youcan switch to the more informal você. This wordfor “you” is used for both a man and a woman. Fornow, take your cue from the Portuguese personwith whom you’re conversing as to when tosay você as opposed to a senhora or o senhor.Alternatively, instead of você you can just use theperson’s first name.Portuguese also has an even more familiarword for “you” — tu. It’s used with friends, familymembers, and children. There’s only one exceptionto this rule: people with very high social status willuse você to address everybody, including friends,family members, and even their own children. Young4

European Portuguese 1people also use the familiar form among themselves,as do some co-workers. Tu is not taught in thiscourse, but if you are in Portugal, you may hear it inconversation.Instead of formally addressing someone as asenhora or o senhor, as described above, you canuse the person’s name and title. In Portugal incertain settings — work, for example — correct useof a title is important. And, you should never useyour own title. When you introduce yourself, justsay your full name: “I’m Nina Jones,” or “I’m CharlesSmith.” Your Portuguese counterpart will probablydo the same, although in a very informal situation, awoman might use her first name only.When you formally address someone by name,however, you should also use that person’s title.For a woman, you will use her title plus her firstname, for example: Dona Cristina (“Ms / Miss /Mrs. Cristina”). For a man, you’ll use senhor plus hislast name: Senhor Ferreira. While this may seempolitically incorrect to Americans, it is commonpractice in Portugal, where it is a holdover fromthe days when all men served in the armed forces,where they were addressed by their last names.5

European Portuguese 1When addressing someone, you should also becareful to use the appropriate degree, if you knowit. Doutor or Doutora applies to anyone with acollege degree. For example, you would say DoutorFerreira for a man or Doutora Cristina for a woman.Someone with an engineering degree is addressedas Senhor Engenheiro or Senhora Engenheira.Examples of other titles are: Senhor Arquitecto /Senhora Arquitecta; Senhor Professor / SenhoraProfessora, referring either to school teachers or touniversity professors; and Senhor General, for themilitary. Even when a woman has a title, you still useher first name with it.6

European Portuguese 1Reading LessonsAfter an initial introduction to the spokenlanguage, reading is integrated into the programstarting with Unit Eleven. The Portuguese alphabethas five accents and the same twenty-six letters as theEnglish alphabet since the Portuguese OrthographicLanguage Agreement went into effect in 2009. Thesounds represented by the letters, however, are“Portuguese” and distinct from English.In these Reading Lessons you will learn to soundout the Portuguese alphabet, starting with shortwords, and then progress to longer words, wordcombinations, and short phrases, increasinglybuilding in length until you will be reading completesentences in context. The Portuguese alphabet issystematically introduced and you will learn toassociate each letter with the sounds of EuropeanPortuguese. You will not, at first, be reading formeaning, but rather for sound/symbol correlation.Eventually, when the sound system is mastered, youwill be able to look at known vocabulary and readfor meaning. By the end of the course, you will bereading at the same level as you are speaking.The Reading items in the Units have beenselected especially to give you practice in theunique European Portuguese sounds and sound7

European Portuguese 1combinations. Your vocabulary acquisition will beginafter you’ve learned the new, different sound system.You should always read aloud, as directed. Theprocess of saying the words out loud will reinforceand enhance your language acquisition and will helplodge the sounds of Portuguese in your memory. Inthese Reading Lessons, you will learn to look at thePortuguese alphabet with Portuguese eyes.There are twenty Reading Lessons startingat the end of Unit Eleven. These lessons are alsocombined and provided at the end of the course.You may choose to do the Readings along with theUnits, or you may wait until you have completedthe course and do them all together. Repeat theReading Lessons as often as you wish. Instructionson how to proceed with the Readings are containedin the audio.8

European Portuguese 1Unit 9.livro20.charuto9

European Portuguese 1Unit om licença, minha senhora.18.açúcar19.A caridade começa em casa.20.abarca / abraça10

European Portuguese 1Unit Thirteen1.carta2.ligar3.holograma4.lá5.há6.desce uma ladeira ó13.nó / como14.dólares15.eles16.voz do povo17.do contado come o lobo18.usar19.rua20.cuido11

European Portuguese 1Unit le14.bebe15.Adoro neve!16.eletricidade17.recente18.recebimento19.A remessa chega mais tarde.20.tédio12

European Portuguese 1Unit Fifteen1.se faz �ão9.De onde?10.De onde é que o senhor é?11.pé12.médico13.ébrio14.O vinho é bom.15.você16.por quê / porque17.á-bê-cê18.emergência19.Ele não é escocês.20.Você é o meu coração e a minha alma.13

European Portuguese 1Unit Sixteen1.chão2.recepção3.Essa é uma ótima ideia!4.Ele é câmbio / cádmio11.tâmara / 7.guiga18.guarda-napo19.Estoril20.Portugal14