Heat Tracing Products - Chromalox, Inc.
Heating CableHeat Tracing ProductsOverviewIndustrial Cable Applications Pipe Freeze Protection Pipe Process Maintenance Hot Water MaintenanceCommercial Cable Applications Self Regulating FreezeProtection Self Regulating Roof & GutterDe-IcingHeat tracing is used to counteract the heat lostfrom process equipment and piping throughits insulation. A heat tracing system is agroup of process equipment and piping whichis heat traced and controlled in a logical andeconomical manner.There are many reasons for making up theheat loss of a system. With any heat loss,there is a corresponding drop in temperature.In many cases, a drop in temperature bringsabout unacceptable consequences. Theseconsequences could be freezing of water incooling water lines, steam or condensate return lines, compressed air lines, fire protectionlines, storage tanks, valves, etc.A drop in temperature of process fluids couldresult in solution precipitation, unacceptable viscosity increase or solidification of theproduct in the lines.G-1HEAT TRACINGPRODUCTS Self Regulating Hot WaterMaintenance
Heating CableHeat Tracing ProductsApplicationsElectric Heat Tracing ProductsChromalox heating cable line includes cablessuitable for most process maintenance, pipeand vessel freeze protection and roof and gutter de-icing applications.Industrial Heating Cables are ideal for processmaintenance applications. Maintenancetemperatures up to 1100 F can be achieved ina variety of hazardous and corrosive environments. Industrial Cables include:SRL — Self-Regulating, Low TemperatureSRP — Self-Regulating Process MaintenanceSRM/E — Self-Regulating, Medium Temperature EnhancedSLL — Constant Wattage, Medium TemperatureCWM — Constant Wattage, Medium TemperatureMI — Mineral Insulation, High TemperatureTube Bundles — Pre-Installed/Traced TubeBundlesCommercial Application Cables are designedto meet specific needs of winterizing applications such as water line freeze protection andpreventing ice damage to building structures.Commercial Cables include:SRF — Self-Regulating Freeze ProtectionSRF-RG — Self-Regulating Roof and GutterFreeze ProtectionHWM — Hot Water Maintenance ApplicationsG-2Industrial ProcessMaintenance ApplicationsWhen industrial process piping and vesselsmust be maintained above the ambient airtemperature, Chromalox has the heating cableto fit the application. Cables range in the maximum maintenance temperature from 150 F forSRL to 1100 F for MI cables. Petroleum Refineries — Maintain petroleumand by-products at process temperature Waste Water Treatment Facilities — Preventthe precipitation of NaOH from solutionsCommercial ApplicationsIn a large number of regions in the world,buildings are susceptible to damage caused bywater freezing. Primarily, this damage involveseither the bursting of pipes or structuraldamage due to the weight of ice and snowbuilding up on the roof. Chromalox Commercial Application Cables are intended to preventthis damage. Cooling Tower Pipes Parking Garage Drain Lines Food Processing Plants — Maintainviscosity of products in processes such aschocolate, oils and tallow Chiller Water Lines Instrument Lines Exposed Storm Water Pipes Storage Tanks Sump Discharge Pipes and Equipment Div. 1 and Div. 2 Hazardous Location Applications (Contact your Local Chromalox Salesoffice for Div. 1 applications) Wet Sprinkler Fire Systems, where approvedby Local Codes Freeze Protection of Steam Cleaned Lines Power Generating Plants — Trace steamcondensate lines and other chemical additivelines Asphalt Lines Exposed Pipe Traps Outdoor Sports Facilities and Stadiums Roof and Gutter De-icing Hot Water Maintenance
Heating CableHeat Tracing ProductsIndustrial & Commercial Grade Cables & Control SystemsHeat Tracing Products — Section OutlineU SeriesU Series Long LineConnection AcessoriesDL Series IntegratedConnection AccessoriesEL Series StandardConnection AccessoriesGeneral Application 48G-50SRFHWMSRF-RGPLD-ECWSMMAPS-4C, APS-3C,SC-40C, PD Pro, GFPro, LCD-1, CIT-1,GIT-1, SIT6-E, RCUUPC, UMC, UES, UESL,UBC, UAS, CCH-2, SSK,SPA, AT-1,FT-3, PS-1,PS-3, PS-10, PS-10RTPC, RTST, RTESRTPC-SL, RTST-SLSSK, PJB, RT-RST,RT-TST, RT-RES,AT-1, FT-3, PS-1, PS-3PS-10, PS 20, BL-1,BL-2, BL-3, ST-1, CL-1,CCH-2G-52toG-72G-73toG-78G-79to G-81G-82to G-86G-87to G-88G-89Industrial Cable ApplicationsSelf-RegulatingChromalox SRL, SRP and SRM/E Self Regulating Heating Cables providethe most versatility in heat trace designs and applications. Constructed of asemiconductive heater matrix extruded between parallel buss wires, a selfregulating cable adjusts its output to independently respond to temperatures all along its length. As temperatures increase, the heater’s resistanceincreases which lowers the output wattage. Conversely, as the temperaturedecreases, the resistance decreases and the cable produces more heat. Theresult — an energy efficient heating cable.Self-regulating cables are flexible, can be cut-to-length in the field and canbe overlapped without fear of burnout in areas where complex piping andequipment require additional heat trace cable.Chromalox manufactures low (SRL) Process (SRP) and medium (SRM/E)temperature self-regulating heating cable for use on 120 and 208 to 277V.Equipped with a ground braid and optional TPR or FEP jacket, Chromaloxself-regulating cables are third party tested and approved for use in harshcorrosive and hazardous applications.TypeHL Series(Div. 1 Connection Kits)Freeze Protection ThermostatsB100/E100 ThermostatsRBF Heat Trace Sensor (RTD Kit)Ambient Heat Trace SensorRTD Heat Trace SensorTubing BundlePre-Insulated TubingModelHL-PC, HL-S, HL-THL-ES, D1SL1, DLSL2THR, THL, TXR,TXLRBFGIC-AMBRBF-HT2200 Series2210 SeriesLow Temperature Maintenance Self- 2256 LTM, 2266 LTMRegulating Electric Traced TubingHigh Temperature Maintenance2256 HTM, 2262 HTMSelf-Regulating Electric TracedTubingConstant Wattage Electric Traced2252 CPD, 2262 CPDTubing2211-2213Single & Multiple Process TubeHeavy Steam Traced Bundles forHigh Temperature ApplicationsTubing Bundle AccessoriesDL Series Integrated TemperatureRTAS, RTBC,ControlsRTAS-EP, RTBC-EPHeat Trace Control & Panel SelectionGuideElectronic Controls & Control Panels DTS, ITC, ITAS, ITLS,ITASC1D2, ITLSC1D2,Wireless, FPAS, FPLS,FPASM, FPLSMSkin EffectTTEPImpedance Heating SystemPageG-90 nt WattageChromalox CWM Constant Wattage Heating Cables are ideally suited for applications where a particular watt density is required at all times. The heaterelement consists of a nichrome wire wrapped around parallel, insulatedbuss wires. At specific intervals, a short section of insulation is removedfrom alternating buss wires to create connection nodes for the nichromewire. The result is a network of parallel resistors along the entire length ofconstant wattage cable.Constant wattage cables are flexible, can be cut-to-length in the field, andare manufactured for use on voltages from 120 to 480V. Although not suitedfor overlapping, its constant output makes it an ideal choice for highertemperature applications where higher watt densities are required. Equippedwith a ground braid and optional FEP jacket, Chromalox constant wattagecables are third party tested and approved for use in harsh, corrosive andhazardous areas. Contact your local Chromalox Sales office for hazardousarea designs.G-3HEAT TRACINGPRODUCTSTypeIndustrial - Application GuidelinesSelf-RegulatingLow TemperatureProcess TemperatureMedium TemperatureLong Line CableConstant WattageMineral InsulatedHazardous LocationLow TemperatureMedium TemperatureCommercial - Application GuidelinesSelf-Regulating Freeze ProtectionHot Water MaintenanceRoof & GutterEdge Cutter SystemSnow Melt MatsSnow Melting Controls
Heating CableHeat Tracing ProductsIndustrial & Commercial Grade Cables (cont’d.)SLL Series Long Line CablesChromalox SLL Series Long Line cableprovides safe, reliable heat tracing for processtemperature maintenance and freeze protection of pipes, valves, tanks and similar applications. Constructed of industrial grade 16,14, 12 or 10 AWG buss wire with metal braidand fluropolymer overjacketing, SLL ensuresoperating integrity in most hostile industrialenvironments. The 450 F (232 C) maximumexposure temperature rating allows steamcleaning of process equipment with up to 300psig steam.Mineral InsulatedChromalox MI Mineral Insulated Heating Cablesare the most rugged heating cable in Chromalox'sproduct line. Constructed of a solid series resistorelement embedded in highly compacted mineralinsulation, MI cables are built to handle hightemperature, high wattage applications. The seriesresistor and mineral insulation are encased in ametallic jacket of Alloy 825 for high temperatureor corrosive applications.Mineral insulated cables are factory assembledand tested, ensuring the highest quality product.Since the units consist of a series resistor, virtually any wattage/voltage/length cable configuration can be produced within the cable's physicaloperating limits. Chromalox mineral insulatedcables are available for use up to 600V and aretested and approved for use in corrosive and hazardous areas. Optional accessories include pullingeyes and reverse glands. Other special featuresare also available.G-4Commercial Cable ApplicationsSelf-Regulating Freeze ProtectionSelf-Regulating Roof & GutterDe-IcingChromalox SRF Self Regulating Freeze ProtectionHeating Cable is a self-regulating cable designedfor the freeze protection of water lines. The selfregulating matrix allows for overlapping and easyfield installation. SRF also lowers its output andenergy consumption as the temperature increasesthus lowering energy costs. The 16 AWG busswires provide for long circuits which reduce thenumber of accessories required.SRF-RG Heating Cable is specifically designed forroof and gutter de-icing applications.SRF-RG features a self-regulating matrix that reduces output as snow melt requirements decreaseor when warm weather is present.A braided and braided with overjacket construction is available. Braided cable should be usedon dry pipes and dry locations. The overjacketconstruction is suitable for wet locations whereoccasional exposure to moisture is expected.SRF heating cable is not for use in hazardouslocations. Consult the Industrial Cable Productsin this section for cables suitable for hazardouslocations.Self-Regulating Hot Water MaintenanceHWM Cable is specifically designed for hot watertemperature maintenance applications. HWMfeatures a self regulating matrix that varies itsoutput to accommodate changes in ambient orpipe temperature. This cable is designed to makeup heat losses through the piping insulation andmaintain consistent pipe temperatures for sink,shower, dishwashing, laundry, and kitchen serviceapplications. HWM will maintain temperaturesbetween 90 F and 140 F for these applicationswith service voltages between 120 and 277volts, Circuit lengths up to 500 feet are available.HWM cable and accessories provide a low costalternative to expensive recirculation systemsfor domestic hot water temperature maintenanceapplications.The braided and overjacketed construction provides reliable moisture protection. The 16 AWGbuss wires allow ample circuit lengths and ruggeddesign. Accessories are available for mounting toroofs and gutters.
Heating CableHeat Tracing ProductsApplication & SelectionGuidelinesGeneral Product SummaryThis section is designed to assist you indetermining the appropriate cable for use inyour application.Step 1 — Collect Required Application Dataand Determine Heat LossStep 2 — Choose the cable that best meetsyour specific application parameters basedon the summary. Consideration of applicationtemperature, exposure temperature, application requirements and environmental ratingsshould be made.Step 1 — Collect RequiredApplication Data & DetermineHeat LossApplication data required can be split into twocategories. The first is the heat loss data. Thisincludes:performing heat loss calculations. For Commercial Freeze Protection, please see CableSelection Tables in this section.The second category of data required is theapplication and environmental conditions. Thisincludes: Maintenance Temperature Maximum Exposure Temperature(Power Off Condition) Minimum Ambient Temperature Circuit Length Considerations Pipe Size Available Voltage Insulation Type (or K factor) Hazardous Area Requirements Insulation Thickness Type of Pipe (Plastic or Metal)Step 3 — Select Heating Cable Wattage Rating Indoor/Outdoor Installation Chemical ExposureStep 4 — Determine Total Cable Required Maximum Expected Wind Speed Fire Resistance.Step 5 — Determine Circuits and CircuitProtection Required Safety Factor.Step 6 — Select Appropriate AccessoriesStep 2 — Select the CableRefer to the Technical section of this catalog,“Determining Heat Energy Requirements —Pipe & Tank Tracing” for details onChoose the cable that best fits your specificapplication parameters and wattage requirements.Heat Tracing Product FeaturesFeaturesMax. Maintenance Temp. ( F)Max. Exposure Temp. ( F)Power OffMax. W/Ft.Max. Circuit Length (Ft.)Buss Wire SizeVoltagesHazardous RatingsUsable on Plastic PipeCut-to-Length in FieldField SplicableCan be OverlappedOutput Varies with Temp.Varies Output Along LengthDesign of SystemInstallation of SystemFire ResistanceChemical ResistanceSize (Max. In.)AccessoriesMonitor Wire 2CWM320SLL302Alloy 825 5275127,50016,14,12,1050330-1,000N/A120-600Up to 5-90016161612120,120,120,120,208-277208-270208-277 208-277, e Corrosion Guide, next page.435x.185 .435x 185 PHPL,PHPL,PHFL Freeze ProtectionFH Freeze Protection, High Exposure Temp.PL Process Maintenance, Low Temperature.435x.185 .435x.185 .435x.185DL/EL/U RG Access.DL/UNoNoFL,FH,FL,FH,FLRGPL,PHPL,PHPH Process Maintenance, High TemperatureRG Roof and Gutter De-icingHWM Hot Water MaintenanceYesHWMG-5HEAT TRACINGPRODUCTSIndustrial
Heating CableHeat Tracing ProductsApplication & Selection Guidelines (cont’d.)Agency ApprovalsAreaSRL-C SRL-CR SRL-CT HSRL SRM/E-C SRM/E-CTOrdinary AreaUL Factory Mutual CSA ATEXClass 1 Div 2, Groups B,C,DUL Factory Mutual CSAATEXClass II Div 2, Groups F,GUL Factory Mutual CSAATEXClass III Div 2UL Factory Mutual CSAATEXClass 1 Div 1, Groups B,C,D*ULFactory MutualCSAATEXClass II Div 1, Groups F,GULFactory MutualCSAATEXClass III Div 1ULFactory MutualCSAATEXZone 2 and Zone 22Factory MutualCSAATEXZone 1 and Zone 21Factory MutualCSAATEX SRPHSRM CWM-C CWM-CTMI SRF-C SRF-CR SRF-RG HWM *Class I, Division I, Groups B,C & D - UL, CSA, FM - Contact your Local Chromalox Sales office for design assistance.Corrosion Guide to Select Proper Cable ConstructionIndustrialCommercialExposure ToSRLSRM/ESRPHSRLHSRMCWMSLLAlloy 825 MISRFSRF-RGHWMMoistureC, CR, CT C, CTC, CTCTCTC, CTCTYesC, CRYesC, CTAqueous Solutions ofCR, CTCTCTCTCTCTCTNoNoNoCTInorganic CompoundsLiquids OrganicCTCTCTCTCTCTCTYesNoNoCTChemicalsAcids or BasesCTCTCTCTCTCTCTNoNoNoCTNote — This is a recommendation guide. Chromalox cannot warrant any Electric Heat Trace against failure by sheath degradation if such failureis the result of operating conditions beyond the control of the heater manufacturer. It is the responsibility of the purchaser to make theultimate choice of sheath material based on knowledge of the chemical composition of the corrosive solution, character of materialsentering the solution, and controls which maintains the process.G-6
Heating CableHeat Tracing ProductsSelect the appropriate jacket configuration forthe desired level of mechanical and corrosive chemical protection. The CR over-jacketoption can be used when additional mechanical protection is desired. The CR over-jacketoption is required when the cable can beexposed to aqueous inorganic chemicals. TheCT over-jacket option is required when thecable can be exposed to organic chemicals orstrong corrosives. Use Corrosion Guide aboveto determine the correct jacket material optionfor the cable type selected.Cable Output vs. TemperatureAfter calculating the heat lossin the pipe and adjusting for anyapplication deviations, you maydetermine which cable ratingto use. If you have selected aself-regulating cable you mustadjust the output based onmaintenance temperatures,using the Thermal OutputRating Graphs shown on the individual product pages, selectthe lowest cable rating that willprovide the pipe maintenance temperature. For Example: A15 W/Ft. SRM/E cable @ 150 Fwill output approximately10 W/Ft. Multiple passes or runsof cable may be required toprovide sufficient output perfoot calculated in Step 1. This isaccomplished with parallel runsof cable or spiraling. Contactyour Local Chromalox Sales office.24Cable Output vs.Temperature2020 W/Ft.1615 W/Ft.1210 W/Ft.88 W/Ft.5 W/Ft.4030507090110 130 150 170 190 210 230 250 270 290 300Pipe Temperature ( F)Step 4 — Determine Total Length ofCable RequiredStep 5 — Determine Circuits &Circuit ProtectionThe total amount of heating cable isdetermined by adding the total footage ofpipe to be traced and adding for allowancesfor the components such as flanges, valves,pipe supports; then, multiply by the totalnumber of runs or Wrap Factor determined inStep 3.Circuit protection depends on the breakersize being used and the start-up temperature.The National Electric Code (NEC 1996)requires the use of ground fault protectionbreakers for heating cable. Refer to thespecific data of the individual heat trace cableto determine maximum circuit lengths. Todetermine the number of circuits required foreach pipe, divide the total cable length foundin Step 4 by the maximum circuit length foundin the individual cable data charts. Round upto the next higher number.(Total Feet of Traced Pipe Cable Allowancefor Components) x # of Runs Total CableLength)Number of Circuits Cable LengthMaximum Circuit LengthPipe Component Cable Allowance EstimationComponentCable Allowance Factor (Ft.)x# Components Total Additional CableFlange Pair1.5xPipe Support2.0xButterfly Valve2.5xBall Valve2.7xGlobe Valve4.0xGate Valve5.0xExample:Pipe:150 feetValves:1 globe valvePipe Supports:2Flanges:2Total Cable Length [150 (1 x 4) (2 x 2) (2 x 1.5)] x 2 runs 161 feet x 2 runs 322 feetG-7HEAT TRACINGPRODUCTSRequired Jacket MaterialStep 3 — Select HeatingCable Wattage RatingHeat Output (W/Ft.)Application & SelectionGuidelines (cont’d.)
Heating CableHeat Tracing ProductsApplication & Selection Guidelines (cont’d.)Design of Multiple Runs when Heat RequirementsExceed Cable Output RatingsInsulationSensorsMultiple Straight RunsHeating CableSpiral RunStep 6 — Select Controls & GeneralApplication AccessoriesChromalox provides a wide range of termination accessory and control options for yourheat tracing systems needs.Accessory options range from ordinary areaunder the insulation kits in our EL series all theway through connections and terminations forDivision 1 hazardous areas in our HL series.The accessories carry a full complement ofthird party approvals from UL, Factory Mutual,Canadian Standards, ATEX and IECex.Controls range from Thermostats for both ambient air and pipe/tank sensing applications toWeatherTrace power distribution and controlspanels through our IntelliTrace line of distribution, monitoring and control panels. Whetheryour project is a few lines of freeze protectionor a few hundred lines of process piping wehave the right control option for your needs.More Informationis Available Onlineon Heat Trace.Bookmark Your Browser towww.chromalox.comand Select Manuals.G-8Accessory DescriptionsU Series Designed for Ordinary and Hazardous Areause in Industrial applicationsDL Series Designed for Ordinary and Hazardous Areause in Industrial Applications Integrated design allows for quick cabletermination Integrated design allows for fast installation Line carries worldwide approvals includingATEX and IECex Reduced parts count results in fast installation times Line includes: Power Connection Multi Entry Connection (for splice, tee ormultiple power to 3 cables) Above Insulation End Seal Below Insulation End Seal Lighted End Seal Ambient Thermostat Line Sensing Thermostat Lighted End Seal Thermostats also serve as power connectionfor cable - eliminating need for extra powerconnection box. Box design allows easy access for field wiring, maintenance and trouble shooting CSA, Factory Mutual and UL approved forordinary and Hazardous area use (Div. 2) Line Includes Power Connection Splice and Tee (connect up to 3 cables) Below Insulation End Seal Lighted End Seal (ordinary area use only) Ambient Thermostat Line Sensing Thermostat Thermostats also serve as power connectionfor cable - eliminating need for extra powerconnection box.
Heating CableHeat Tracing ProductsApplication & Selection Guidelines (cont’d.) Low profile designs allow for ease of insulation around connections Kits include standard electrical terminationsand heat shrink products familiar to mostinstallers Low parts count allows fast termination ofcablesEL ControlsIntelliTRACE ITC SeriesThe EL controls line contains ambient andline sensing controllers for use in Division1 and Division 2 areas. All products switch22 amps and come in NEMA 4x and NEMA 7rated enclosures. Two models are available indual output form. All capillaries are nontoxicoil filled available in 8 and 10 foot lengths.Products carry UL, Factory Mutual and CSAapprovals.The lTC is a 1 or 2 circuit microprocessorbased temperature controller, switching 40Amps per circuit at 100-277 Vac, and may beused in either freeze protection or processtemperature control applications. The ITC'scompact 10" x 8" x 6" NEMA 4X enclosurefacilitates all of the electrical connections andit features a high resolution TFT display, PIDor On/Off SSR control, selectable soft startprogram, dual RTD sensor input per circuit,current load and GFEP monitoring. All processvariables may be monitored both locally andremotely. The lTC is designed for line or ambient sensing heat trace applications in hazardous (Class I, Division 2) or non-hazardousareas. Third Party Approvals through UL, FactoryMutual and CSA.WeatherTrace Control and DistributionPanels Line Includes Junction Box Pipe Stand off with sealing grommetsand cable boots Heat shrink splice and tee kits Heat Shrink end capsThe Chromalox FPAS, FPASM, FPLS, andFPLSM series panels offer power distribution, ground fault protection, individual circuitalarming, with options for both line sensingand ambient sensing control. Line sensing isaccomplished in conjunction with U SERIES,DL SERIES or EL SERIES thermostats. Ambient sensing can be accomplished with thermostats or optional Chromalox solid state 1604series temperature controllers. The panelsare housed in NEMA 4 enclosures for indoor/outdoor applications. NEMA 4X 304 stainlesssteel enclosures may be selected as an optionfor more harsh environments. The standardmodels are available in 12,18,20,30 and 42position panel boards with 100 and 225 ampbus ratings in single and three phase configurations. Branch circuit breakers are availablein 20, 25, 30 and 40 amp single pole and twopole configurations with 30mA ground-faultequipment protection. Options for Z-purgesystems for hazardous area installation areavailable. Sentinel monitoring system is available for alarm indication when a circuit losespower. Common alarm available for interfaceto building management systems. Panels arebuilt in a UL 508 certified manufacturing plantand carry UL and cUL approvals.HL Series Specifically designed for use in Division 1hazardous areas Corrosion Resistant housing made of highstrength cast aluminum Reduced parts count for fast installation Small profiles for ease of insulation Line Includes Power Connection Splice Kit Tee Kit End Seal Kit Add on Signal lights for End Seal andPower ConnectionControls DescriptionsDL ControlsThe DL Series temperature controls are available in four models to handle a broad rangeof applications. Models include two ambientsensing and two line sensing thermostats.These high quality models combine On/Offtemperature control and cable power connection in one affordable, convenient easy toinstall package. The line includes two 22 ampcapable models for Ordinary Area installationsand two 11 amp capable hermetically sealedmodels for Division 2 hazardous area applications. Products carry UL, Factory Mutual andCSA approvals.DTS Digital ThermostatThe DTS-HAZ is a single circuit controllerwhich switches 30 Amps at 100-277 Vacin Class I, Division 2 areas. It employs SSRon/off control, soft start feature, programmable paramater values, AC or DC alarm andlarge LED display. It comes complete with astandard pipe stand or optional wall mount aswell as an RTD sensor. All of this is housed ina 6" x 6" enclosure, wich facilitates all wiringneeds.Should the lTC unit realize a failed sensor, thecontroller automatically switches into a useradjustable manual output duty cycle. This controller provides LED indication of load, powerand alarm status for each circuit, has frontpanel capacitive touch user interface buttonsand comes complete with heavy gage stainlesssteel mounting brackets.IntelliTRACE Control, Monitoring andDistribution PanelsThe IntelliTRACE ITAS and ITLS Series is amicro-processor based Control/Monitoringand Power Management and Distribution system for Heat Trace Applications. The ITAS andITLS Series has models suitable for ordinaryas well as Class I, Division 2 areas and willmanage 6-72 circuitsThe ITAS and ITLS Control Panel Series provides alarms for high / low temperatures, high/low current, ground fault leakage and sensorfaults.The 40 Amps per circuit capacity, the IntegralCircuit Panel and the Soft Start feature savesignificant time, installation and maintenancecosts.The customizable I/O (Sensor) Mapping, theremote monitoring capability and the wirelesscommunication option provide desirable process management flexibility options.G-9SELF-REGULATINGEL Series Designed for use in ordinary areas for bothcommercial and industrial applications
HWM — Hot Water Maintenance Applications Industrial Process Maintenance Applications When industrial process piping and vessels must be maintained above the ambient air temperature, Chromalox has the heating cable to fit the application. Cables range in the maxi-mum maintenanc
This design guide provides a step-by-step approach for the design, specification, and selec-tion of a bill of materials for an electric heat tracing system. Electric heat tracing systems are designed to make up for the heat lost from process system equipment through the thermal insulation. In some cases, the heat tracing system can be used for .
Steam-Tracing Systems Technical Data Sheets Appendixes 920*E4FWL*SIS302*SS3102 shown Product overview The DigiTrace 920 is a compact, full-featured, microprocessor-based, dual-point heat-tracing control system. The 920 provides control and monitoring of two independent electrical heat-tracing circuits for both freeze
age, steam, and hot oil tracing, as well as tubular resistance heaters and heated enclosures. It concludes with some com-ments on safety, design, and operations that apply regardless of which specific heat-tracing method is selected. Self-limiting electric tracers Self-limiting electric heat tracing is one of the easiest and safest methods of .
Heat Trace Panelboard. When the HTP detects an impedance change, it triggers a response of the external components in the heat-tracing system. Advanced Motor Controls offers the ProS and Pro Series as economical heat-tracing control center solutions. We offer both standard and custom designs to meet your heat-tracing needs. Our .
The Skip Tracing Report is a simple and direct report that gives you all the current demographic information on file, as well as information regarding report validity. The Skip Tracing Report returns values on the loan level, sorted by cohort year. Each field of the Skip Tracing Report is explained below. Fields on the Skip Tracing Report (in .
Kprobe - the mechanism that allows tracing any function call inside the kernel Kernel tracepoint - tracing custom events that the kernel developers have defined (with TRACE_EVENT macros). Uprobe - for tracing user space function calls USDT (e.g. DTrace probes) stands for Userland Statically Defined Tracing 8 Automatic Manual annotations
The goal of ray tracing is to compute intersections between rays and objects. Since ray tracing often uses only triangles as its geometric representation, we focus on ray tracing triangles in this survey. The main obstacle for efficient ray tracing is that the number of rays and triangles can be extremely large. For example, using a resolution
Description Logic RWTH Aachen Germany 4. Introduction to DL I A Description Logic - mainly characterised by a set of constructors that allow to build complex concepts and roles from atomic ones, concepts correspond to classes / are interpreted as sets of objects, roles correspond to relations / are interpreted as binary relations on objects, Example: Happy Father in the DL ALC Manu (9has-child .
