ENCYCLOPEDIA OF GENOCIDE
ENCYCLOPEDIA OFGENOCIDEVolume IA-HIsrael W. Charnyeditor in chiefForewords byArchbishop Desmond M. Tutuand Simon WiesenthalABC-CLIOSanta Barbara, CaliforniaDenver, ColoradoOxford, EnglandHI
The following is an alphabetical listing of entries, with titles of feature entries (all capital letters), features (capitals and lowercase), and source documents indented afterthe titles of the entries they accompany. For a more detailed listing, including contributors' names and cross-references, see the table of contents.PART I: DEFINITIONS OF GENOCIDE AND THE STUDY OF GENOCIDECLASSIFICATION OF GENOCIDE IN MULTIPLE CATEGORIES 3Leo Kuper: "Their Land Was Desired . . . So It Was Not Genocide" 3Martin Luther King Jr.: "I Tremble for Our World" 3COMPARATIVE STUDY OF GENOCIDE 9DEFINITIONS OF GENOCIDE 11President Clinton: World Reacted Too Slowly to Rwandan Genocide 13Conceptual Constraints on Thinking about Genocide 13DEMOCIDE: A NEW INCLUSIVE CONCEPT PROPOSEDEDITOR'S INTRODUCTION TO THE WORKS OF R. J. RUMMEL 15THE NEW CONCEPT OF DEMOCIDE 18POWER KILLS, ABSOLUTE POWER KILLS ABSOLUTELY 23"GENOCIDE," FRIVOLOUS USE OF THE TERM 35GENOCIDE, STUDY OF 36"HOLOCAUST": THE WORD AND ITS USAGE 40PART II: GENOCIDAL EVENTS, INTERVENTION, AND PREVENTIONADANA MASSACRE 47AFGHANISTAN, GENOCIDE IN 48ANTISEMITISM 50A Christian Memory Hole: Christian-Jews during the Holocaust 51French Catholic Church Apologizes for Participation in Holocaust 52Pope Concedes that Christians Advanced Antisemitism 54ARENDT, HANNAH 58ARGENTINA: THE DIRTY WAR OF DISAPPEARANCES, 1976-1983(Appendix of Late Entries) 655XI
xiiList of EntriesTHE ARMENIAN GENOCIDEARMENIAN GENOCIDE 61"THE UNREMEMBERED GENOCIDE" 63The Cream of the Armenian Leadership Is Murdered 66Eyewitness Account of Armenian Genocide by a US Diplomat 67THE ARMENIAN GENOCIDE AND THE HOLOCAUST COMPARED 69TREATMENT OF THE ARMENIAN GENOCIDE IN REPRESENTATIVEENCYCLOPEDIAS 71Source Document: New York Times Reports of the Armenian Genocide 74Source Document: Raphael Lemkin on the Armenian Genocide 79Source Document: The European Parliament's Resolution "on a Political Solution to theArmenian Question" 80Source Document: Joint Declaration by France, Great Britain, and Russia, May 24,1915 82Source Document: Permanent People's Tribunal on the Armenian Genocide 82Source Document: Treaty of Sevres 86A R M E N I A N G E N O C I D E , C O U R T - M A R T I A L OF PERPETRATORS 87Source Document: Turkish Military Tribunal's Verdict 89ARMENIAN GENOCIDE, DOCUMENTATION OFDOCUMENTATION OF ARMENIAN GENOCIDE IN GERMANSOURCES 90Count Wolff-Metternich: "The Turkish Government Has Refused to BeDeterred" 91DOCUMENTATION OF ARMENIAN GENOCIDE IN TURKISHSOURCES 93Source Document: Telegrams by Turkish Leaders Ordering the Armenian Genocide 96DOCUMENTATION OF ARMENIAN GENOCIDE IN US ARCHIVES 97ARMENIAN GENOCIDE, INTERNATIONAL RECOGNITION OF 100ARMENIAN GENOCIDE, MISSIONARIES AND 101American Missionaries Are Witnesses to the Armenian Genocide 102ARMENIAN GENOCIDE MEMORIAL IN YEREVAN, ARMENIA 102Philadelphia Armenian Monument 105ART OF THE HOLOCAUST, GENOCIDE, AND FUTURISTIC DESTRUCTIONART OF THE HOLOCAUST 105ART OF OTHER GENOCIDES 108ART OF FUTURISTIC DESTRUCTION 109ASSOCIATION OF GENOCIDE SCHOLARS 109ATATURK, MUSTAFA KEMAL 110AUSTRALIAN ABORIGINES, GENOCIDE OF 111Genocide of Aborigines 112BANGLADESH, GENOCIDE IN 115BARBIE, KLAUS 116BEIT HASHOAH/MUSEUM OF TOLERANCE OF THE SIMONWIESENTHAL CENTER 116The Museum of Tolerance 117Resource Materials at the Simon Wiesenthal Center 118Hatred, Prej udice, and Genocide 119
List of EntriesxiiiThe Mound of Ears in Kyoto, Japan 121BIBLIOGRAPHIES ON THE HOLOCAUST AND GENOCIDE 121BOKASSA 124Bosnia and Rwanda: The Holocaust and More Recent Cases of Genocide 125BYSTANDERS TO GENOCIDE 127Neutrality Is a Sin 127CAMBODIA, GENOCIDE INTHE CAMBODIAN GENOCIDE AND ITS LEADERS 129Cambodia Chronology 131KHMER ROUGE AND CAMBODIA 132"Comrade Ox Did Not Object When His Family Was Killed" 135CEAUSESCU,NICOLAE 137CENTRE FOR COMPARATIVE GENOCIDE STUDIES 137CHILDREN AND GENOCIDECHILDREN'S MORTALITY AND GENOCIDE 138CHILDREN OF SURVIVORS OF GENOCIDE 141CHILDREN OF VICTIMS AND PERPETRATORS OF THE HOLOCAUSTIN DIALOGUE 142Rwandan Children Perpetrators and Victims 145Rwanda: Post-Genocidal Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders 146POST-GENOCIDE RECONCILIATION BETWEEN PERPETRATORSAND VICTIMS AS SEEN BY A HOLOCAUST RESEARCHER 147CHINA, GENOCIDE IN: THE CHINESE COMMUNIST ANTHILL149CHMIELNICKI POGROMS 151CONCENTRATION CAMPS AND DEATH CAMPS 152CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY 153DEHUMANIZATION—"KILLING" THE HUMANITY OF ANOTHER 155DEMOCRACY AND GENOCIDE 157DENIALS OF GENOCIDEDENIAL OF GENOCIDE, PSYCHOLOGY OF 15920 Percent in US Think It Possible There Was No Holocaust 159Five Characteristics of the "Logic" of Denials of Genocide 160DENIALS OF THE ARMENIAN GENOCIDE 161Senator Robert Dole: The Inaccessible Turkish Archives 16130,000 Armenians Were Deported from Constantinople 162Ambassador Morgenthau: "The Whole History of the Human Race Contains NoSuch Horrible Episode" 162COMBATTING DENIALS OF THE ARMENIAN GENOCIDE INACADEMIA 163DENIALS OF THE GENOCIDE OF NATIVE AMERICANS 166DENIALS OF THE HOLOCAUST 167Templates for Gross Denial of a Known Genocide: A Manual 168Auschwitz: A Response to Holocaust Denials on the Internet 169Jean-Marie Le Pen Fined for Dismissing Gas Chambers as a "Detail inHistory" 170"I Felt Nauseous" in a Mob of Neo-Nazis 171President Ronald Reagan: I'm Horrified by People Who Say the Holocaust WasInvented 171
xivList of EntriesCOMBATTING DENIALS OF THE HOLOCAUST IN A SOUTHERN USCOMMUNITY 172DENIALS OF OTHER GENOCIDES OF NON-JEWISH PEOPLE IN THEHOLOCAUST 174China Gives Contemporary Example of Governmental Denial of GenocidalMassacre 175DENIERS OF THE ARMENIAN GENOCIDE 177Professor Bernard Lewis Found Guilty of Denial of Armenian Genocide 177DENIERS OF THE HOLOCAUSTHISTORICAL REVISIONISM VERSUS HOLOCAUST DENIAL 179Denying the Holocaust: The Growing Assault on Truth 179HOLOCAUST/SHOAH REVISIONISTS 181A Survivor Debates Arthur Butz 183DIMENSIONS MAGAZINE: WRESTLING WITH MEMORY 187DISAPPEARANCES AND EXTRAJUDICIAL EXECUTIONS AS METHODSOF GENOCIDE (Appendix of Late Entries) 658EAST TIMOR, GENOCIDE AND DENIAL IN 191Bishop Jose Ramos-Horta: East Timor Lost about One-Third of ItsPopulation 191That Body on the Water Spring 192One of the Worst Cases of Genocide 194EDUCATION ABOUT THE HOLOCAUST AND GENOCIDEEDUCATION ABOUT THE HOLOCAUST IN THE UNITED STATES 194Teaching How States Destroy Citizens Rather than Represent Them 195EDUCATION ABOUT OTHER GENOCIDES 199Illustrative Student Assignments in Courses on Genocide 200THEMES IN GENOCIDE EDUCATION IN NORTH AMERICANCOLLEGES 203Teaching about Genocide: A Guidebook for College and University Teachers 204Genocide in World History Textbooks 206EICHMANN, ADOLF: THE FUNCTIONARY AND THE SYMBOLBIOGRAPHY OF ADOLF EICHMANN 208PSYCHOLOGY OF ADOLF EICHMANN 209EICHMANN IN JERUSALEM: A REPORT ON THE BANALITY OFEVIL 210ENVER, ISMAIL 213ETHIOPIA, GENOCIDE IN 214ETHNIC CLEANSING AND GENOCIDE 215EUGENICS AND GENOCIDEEUGENICS AND THE HOLOCAUST 215Anatomy Text at University of Vienna from Nazi Era 217EUGENICS AND THE DANGERS OF ACADEMIC RACISM 218"Euthanasia" 219Outstanding Leaders in American Intelligentsia Were Avid Supporters of theEugenics Movement in the 1930s 220EUROPEAN CONVENTION ON THE NON-APPLICATION OF STATUTORYLIMITATIONS TO CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY AND WAR CRIMES(1974) 221
List of EntriesxvFACING HISTORY AND OURSELVES 223FAMINE AS A METHOD OF GENOCIDE 226FILMS OF THE HOLOCAUST, GENOCIDE, AND FUTURISTICDESTRUCTIONFILMS OF THE HOLOCAUST 228FILMS OF OTHER GENOCIDES 232FILMS OF NUCLEAR, CHEMICAL, AND BIOLOGICALDESTRUCTION 234FILMS OF FUTURISTIC DESTRUCTION 238FINAL SOLUTION 240Source Document: From a Speech by Himmler before Senior SS Officers in Poznan,October 4, 1943 240FIRST-PERSON ACCOUNTS OF GENOCIDE 241FORTUNOFF VIDEO ARCHIVE FOR HOLOCAUST TESTIMONIES 244GAS CHAMBERS 247GENGHIS KHAN 247GENOCIDAL MASSACRES 248Genocidal Massacres in Algeria 248Genocidal Massacre in a Church in Liberia 249Genocide Knows No Borders 249GENOCIDAL MENTALITY 250GENOCIDE: A CRITICAL BIBLIOGRAPHIC REVIEW 251GENOCIDE AS A PROCESS 251Inevitabilism: A Concept for Understanding the Process of Genocide 252GENOCIDE EARLY WARNING SYSTEMSGENOCIDE EARLY WARNING SYSTEM (GEWS) 253Israel Charny: On the Development of the Genocide Early Warning System(GEWS) 254David Scheffer: "'Neutrality' in the Face of Genocide Is Unacceptable" 256Outline of Genocide Early Warning System (GEWS) 258EARLY WARNING SYSTEM (EWS) 261Franklin Littell's Writings on Early Warnings of Genocide 262FORUM FOR EARLY WARNING AND EMERGENCY RESPONSE(FEWER) 265MINORITIES AND GENOCIDE: EARLY WARNING AND MINORITIES ATRISK AROUND THE WORLD 267GENOCIDE IN ANTIQUITY 272GENOCIDES DURING THE MIDDLE AGES 275GENOCIDES OF THE EARLY MODERN PERIOD 277GOEBBELS, PAUL JOSEF 279GOVERNMENT AND GENOCIDE 280We Should Apply Our Knowledge to Nations and Epochs 280GUATEMALA, GENOCIDE IN 281GULAG 284THE GULAG ARCHIPELAGO, BY SOLZHENITSYN 284HAMIDIAN (ARMENIAN) MASSACRES 287THE HEREROS, GENOCIDE OF 288HIBAKUSHA 289
xviList of EntriesHIMMLER, HEINRICH 289HIROSHIMA 290HITLER, ADOLF 291Hitler Was a Disaster for the Germans as Well 293HOLOCAUST AND GENOCIDE BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATABASEHOLOCAUST AND GENOCIDE STUDIES 294294THE HOLOCAUSTTHE HOLOCAUST: CONCENTRATION CAMPS AND DEATH CAMPS INTHE HOLOCAUSTCONCENTRATION CAMPS AND DEATH CAMPS IN THEHOLOCAUST 296General (Later President) Eisenhower: If in the Future the Holocaust IsDenied 296Ethnic Cleansing of Germans by Czechs after World War II 297The Fates of Non-Jewish Germans under the Nazis 298AUSCHWITZ 299Israel Asks Poland to Remove Crosses 300BUCHENWALD 302DACHAU 303TREBLINKA 304MAP: The Concentration Camps 305THE HOLOCAUST 306HOLOCAUST CONTROVERSIES: A POINT OF VIEW 307HITLER AND THE NAZI DECISION-MAKING PROCESS TO COMMITTHE HOLOCAUST: A NEW PROPOSAL 313THE HOLOCAUST—A WARNING TO THE MURDERERS OFTOMORROW 316The Holocaust Challenges Human Civilization 321THE HOLOCAUST, NON-JEWISH VICTIMS IN 324THE HOLOCAUST: RESPONSES OF THE JEWISH COMMUNITY INPALESTINE 327The Armenian Genocide Alarmed Jews in Palestine 328THE HOLOCAUST: RESPONSES OF THE UNITED STATES ANDALLIES 328THE HOLOCAUST AND THE RISE OF THE STATE OF ISRAEL 330THE HOLOCAUST: UNDERSTANDING THE HOLOCAUST AND ITSIMPLICATIONSLESSONS FROM THE HOLOCAUST 332MEANINGS OF THE HOLOCAUST 335Holocaust Survivor Warns of Dangers of Omnicide 335SIGNIFICANCE OF THE HOLOCAUST IN THE TWENTY-FIRSTCENTURY 337HOMOSEXUALS: GENOCIDE OF HOMOSEXUALS IN THEHOLOCAUST 338Homosexuals and the Holocaust: Victimization Is Not Genocide 339HUMANITARIAN INTERVENTION IN GENOCIDE 341HUMAN RIGHTS AND GENOCIDE 343
CLASSIFICATION OF GENOCIDE IN MULTIPLE CATEGORIES 3 Leo Kuper: "Their Land Was Desired . So It Was Not Genocide" 3 Martin Luther King Jr.: "I Tremble for Our World" 3 . CAMBODIA, GENOCIDE IN THE CAMBODIAN GENOCIDE AND ITS LEADERS
11 Mark Levene, Genocide in the Age of the Nation-State: The meaning of genocide, Volume 1, (London: I.B. Tauris, 2005). 12 For stages of how genocidal processes could develop, see Gregory Stanton. 1996. The 8 stages of genocide. In Totten and Bartrop, eds., The Genocide Studies Reader, (Routledge, 2009). Also available at Genocide Watch at
Genocide Trials from 1959-1994 Stages of 1994 genocide against Tutsi Inside the 1994 genocide against Tutsi: Personal testimony Types of weapons used to kill Tutsi Short and Long term impact of genocide against Tutsi ( national and international level) How a country destroyed by an unprecedented genocide was rebuilt and healed
Cambodian genocide, and more recently the Rwandan genocide. He elaborated that the Holocaust was a genocide in which approximately six million Jews were killed by the Nazi . genocide which was all applied in Rwanda Genocide. The stages are classification, symbolization, dehumanization, o
Genocide in Rwanda. Genocide Studies and Prevention 2(3): 235-248. November 20 Psychological, Sociological and Anthropological perspectives -Jones Ch 10-11 -Haagensen, Lisa and Marinix Croes. (2012). Thy Brother’s Keeper?: The Relationship Between Social Distance and Intensity of Dehumanization During Genocide. Genocide Studies and Prevention .
resources to teach the history of the Cambodian genocide . Moreover, teachers who are capable of conveying the history are few in number, and they lack the training to teach effectively about genocide . the absence of genocide education is a sign that the specter of genocide continues to haunt Cambodia . Giving a full picture of what
THE UKRAINIAN GENOCIDE/HOLODOMOR, 1932-1933 A CURRICULUM and RESOURCE GUIDE for EDUCATORS* *Prepared by Professor Myron B. Kuropas, Ph.D., public member, . with the Cambodian Genocide of 1975 and the Rwandan Genocide of 1994. Few Americans, however, have heard of the Holodomor/Genocide which took place in Soviet Ukraine in 1932-1933. .
8 International IDEA Abbreviations and acronyms AERG Association of Student Survivors of the Genocide (Association des Étudiants et Élèves Rescapés du Genocide) ANA Afghan National Army ANP Afghan National Police ANSF Afghan National Security Forces AOG Armed opposition group ARMM Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao AVEGA Association of Genocide Widows (Association des Veuves du Genocide)
2.1 Anatomi Telinga 2.1.1 Telinga Luar Telinga luar terdiri dari daun telinga dan kanalis auditorius eksternus. Daun telinga tersusun dari kulit dan tulang rawan elastin. Kanalis auditorius externus berbentuk huruf s, dengan tulang rawan pada sepertiga bagian luar dan tulang pada dua pertiga bagian dalam. Pada sepertiga bagian luar kanalis auditorius terdapat folikel rambut, kelenjar sebasea .
