Today’s Topics On Creativity - MIT OpenCourseWare
Today’s Topics on Creativity Introduction Creativity– Nature– Design Rules and Combinatorics– Work of Vance and de Bono TRIZ theory– TRIZ, Value Engineering and the SemanticWeb tool Radiant Thinking, Mind Mapping tool Appendix: Technological change: from itscreation to economic growth and societalwelfare Thomas H. Speller, Jr. 2007, Engineering Systems Division (ESD), Massachusetts Institute of Technology1
Mind Map Philosophy:“The chisel was unleashing thebeauty and image/figure within themarble bursting to be revealed.”Michael Angelo– Let your creative energy radiate from both sides ofyour brain, from the kernel of your Mind Map– Applied Radiant Thinking Thomas H. Speller, Jr. 2007, Engineering Systems Division (ESD), Massachusetts Institute of Technology2
What is a Mind Map (1 of 2)? A Mind Map is a powerful graphic techniquewhich harnesses the full range of corticalskills in a single, powerful ,rhythm,colorspatial awarenessMind MapBrings it alltogether!It gives you the freedom to roam the expanses of your brain.The Mind Map can be applied to every aspect of life whereimproved learning and clearer thinking enhances humanperformance. Thomas H. Speller, Jr. 2007, Engineering Systems Division (ESD), Massachusetts Institute of Technology3
What is a Mind Map (2 of 2)? Originated in the late 1960s by Tony Buzan Similarly to a road map, a Mind Map:– Provides an overview of a large subject/area.– Enables you to plan routes/make choices and lets youknow where you are going and where you have been.– Allows you to Gather and Represent large amounts ofdata.– Encourages problem solving by showing you newpathways.– Is Attractive, easy to read, muse over and remember.Bottom Line:– Let you see the whole picture and the details at thesame time.– It is a tool, not a solution! Thomas H. Speller, Jr. 2007, Engineering Systems Division (ESD), Massachusetts Institute of Technology4
Creative Thinking and MindMapsA Mind Map Enables One: To clear the mind of paradigms, thus providingspace for new creative thought To capture and develop “flashes” of insight whenthey occur To explore all the creative possibilities of a givensubject To encourage more consistent creative thinking To create new conceptual frameworks withinwhich previous ideas can be reorganized To plan creatively Thomas H. Speller, Jr. 2007, Engineering Systems Division (ESD), Massachusetts Institute of Technology5
Why Mind Map? Disadvantages of traditional linear notes: Energy and time wasted writing downsuperfluous words. Other information may be missed whilenoting down one idea. Take longer to read and review. Associations and connections between keywords and ideas not readily apparent.– Attention wanders easily.– Lack of color and other visual qualities handicapmemory. Thomas H. Speller, Jr. 2007, Engineering Systems Division (ESD), Massachusetts Institute of Technology6
Mind Map - Basics Mind maps work the way the brain works– Not in nice neat lines. Memory is naturally associative, not linear.– Any idea probably has thousands of links in your mind.Mind maps allow associations and links to be recordedand reinforced. The mind remembers key words and images,not sentences– Try recalling just one sentence from memory! Mindmaps use just key words and key images, allowing moreinformation to be put on a page. Mind maps are more visual and depictassociations between key words, they aremuch easier to recall than linear notes. Thomas H. Speller, Jr. 2007, Engineering Systems Division (ESD), Massachusetts Institute of Technology7
How To Do it Starting from the center of the page (rather thantop-left corner) your thoughts radiate “out” from acentral theme in all directions. “Main Points” flow out from central theme– Restrict words to few, key phrases– Each new idea should have a unique color or symbol Subordinate ideas “branch out” from mainbranches– Change of fonts to key brain– Same color as main branch Use images wherever practical– Mental triggers Link and associate ideas– Draw arrow, comments, etc to show linkages Thomas H. Speller, Jr. 2007, Engineering Systems Division (ESD), Massachusetts Institute of Technology8
How To Do it Image removed due to copyright restrictions.Diagram of the mind mapping process. Thomas H. Speller, Jr. 2007, Engineering Systems Division (ESD), Massachusetts Institute of Technology9
The Mind Map Creative Thinking Mechanism Associate new and unique ideas with pre-existing onesUse different colors in creative thinkingUse different shapes in creative thinkingCombine unusual elementsMagnify and use dimensionAdjust conceptual positionRearrange and link pre-existing conceptsRespond to an aesthetically pleasing objectRespond to and emotionally pleasing objectRespond to an object which appeals to the senses ofsight, touch, hearing, smell and taste Uses interchangeable shapes and codes1The Mind Map Book, T. Buzan, Penguin, 1996. Thomas H. Speller, Jr. 2007, Engineering Systems Division (ESD), Massachusetts Institute of Technology10
Examples of Mind Mapping
Counter Littoral Threat WeaponFunctional DecompositionDestroying ThreatPropulsing GuidingDeactivatingThreatSystem Energizing DetonatingControlling Thomas H. Speller, Jr. 2007, Engineering Systems Division (ESD), Massachusetts Institute of Technology12
Counter Littoral Threat WeaponFunctional DecompositionDestroying ThreatPropulsingGuidingPropulsion Generator ControllingEnergizing ExplosiveFuelDetonatingHardware SoftwareActive target Depth Weapon steering Controlfeedback system sensorsystem Thomas H. Speller, Jr. 2007, Engineering Systems Division (ESD), Massachusetts Institute of Technology13
NeedDefinedSystem Architecting of aCounter Littoral ThreatWeaponProblemDefinedIntentSpecification Thomas H. Speller, Jr. 2007, Engineering Systems Division (ESD), Massachusetts Institute of Technology14
Schematic of torpedo, highlighting different subsystems,removed due to copyright restrictions. Thomas H. Speller, Jr. 2007, Engineering Systems Division (ESD), Massachusetts Institute of Technology15
From System Architecting to Torpedo ProductSchematic of torpedo, highlighting differentsubsystems, removed due to copyrightrestrictions. Thomas H. Speller, Jr. 2007, Engineering Systems Division (ESD), Massachusetts Institute of Technology16
Progression of Principles Developmentas Applied Radiant Thinking1. Collect data2. Make observation(s) from the data basedon analysis3. Empirically verify observations4. Describe observation(s)5. Develop Descriptive principle6. Develop Prescriptive principle7. Develop Normative principle8. If universally true, then make a Law Thomas H. Speller, Jr. 2007, Engineering Systems Division (ESD), Massachusetts Institute of Technology17
Synthesized Principles fromSnippets of Observations Thomas H. Speller, Jr. 2007, Engineering Systems Division (ESD), Massachusetts Institute of Technology18
Thomas H. Speller, Jr. 2007, Engineering Systems Division (ESD), Massachusetts Institute of Technology19
Literature Search MapStiny, Emdanat, Vakalo; Generative systems in designThomas H. SpellerSeptember 20, 2004SheaShape grammarLanguages and semanticsof grammatical discretestructures, 1999Performance-based structural synthesisAdjustable Tensegrity StructuresA Study of Two Stochastic Search Methodsfor structural controlBentleyeifformCaganTransformations in Design, 1994Terry KnightProgrammable Self constructingglobal shape using biologically-inspired local interactions and origami mathematics, NagpalWhitneytextbookModeling and controlling variationpropagation in mechanical assembliesusing state transition modelsWhitneyMantripragadaDecomposition assemblysynthesis for in-processdimensional adjustability, 2002Structural EfficiencyAssembly TheoryHajela & Kim, Energy min for CAbased analysis in elasticity, 2001SaitouLeeGenetic algorithms in search,optimization, and machine learning, 1989.David GoldbergComplexity and robustness,Carlson & Doyle, 2002Optimal Truss-Structure Designusing Real-Coded Genetic Algorithms,Deb, Gulati, Chakrabarti, 1999Universal spaces: a basis for studiesin adaptation Automata Theory 1966.John HollandDesign AutomationHighly Optimized Tolerance,Carlson & Doyle, 1999TrussesGAOptimizationUses GA for creating the CA rule,Cantilever & plate experiments, 1999Studies of the spontaneous emergenceof self-replicating systems usingcellular automata and formal grammarsAutomata, Languages, Development, 1976.Deb, Gulani; Optimal Truss-structure designusing real-coded genetic algorithmsCreative evolutionary systemsExploring component-based representationsBentleyBridgeFunes-PollackThree ways to grow designs: .Hornby, Generative representations forevolutionary designThe Mathematical Theoryof Communication, 1963Claude ShannonUllman, The MechanicalDesign Process, 2003Pahl & Beitz, Engineering designLee AltenbergModularity in Technology and Organizations, 2000LangoisNetworks, Dynamics, and Modularity, 2004LipsonArtificial LifeRoboticsAttended ALife IX Conference, 9-12 to 15-04Richard Feynman andMarvin Minskycellular vacuum, pp. 122-129.Numerical ControlNumerical Controlfor Machine Tools, Barron, 1971Information TheoryLiteratureTreeJohn von NeumannTheory of self-reproducing automata, 1948Stanislaw UlamAlan Turing, On computable numbers,with an application to the Entscheidungsproblem, 1936A Collection of Mathematical Problems, 1950Statistical mechanics of Cellular Automata,Rev. Mod. Phy. 55,1983, pp. 601-644.Cellular automata and complexity:collected papersAlan TuringSelf-generativeThe chemical basis of Morphogenesis, 1952John ConwayThe game of lifeNew Constructionsin Cellular Automata, Santa Fe Institute, 2003Hajela, Energy min for CAbased analysis in elasticityKita and Toyota, Structural Designusing CACAMorphogenic Evolutionary Design:Cellular Automata Representations inTopological Structural DesignKicinger,Arciszewski, K. De JongEngineeringApplicationsCharles DarwinErnst MayrStephan WolframHajela and Kim, GA based learning in CAfor structural designKita and Toyota, Structural Optimization using Local RulesStructural Design using CA for eigenvalue problemsMurawski, Arciszewski and K. De Jong, Evolutionarycomputation in Structural designEvolution TheoryJakiela, Continuum structural topology design with genetic algorithmsEvolutionary Computation in Structural DesignPhysicsApplicationsMathematica@ Speller 2004An interdisciplinary subjectlying in the intermediate areabetween logic, communicationtheory and physiology," P. 204,Papers of JvN on computing andcomputer theory, 1986The New Kind of Science, 2002Artificial IntelligenceCellular AutomatonDefinitions and etymologyEvolution and theDiversity of Life, 1976The Evolutionary Synthesis, 1980What Evolution Is, 2001Hornby dissertation, Generative representationsfor evolutionary design automationThe father of self-reproducingcellular automataEngineering DesignModularity in Evolution, 2004Origin of Species, 1859Hornby, Lipson, Pollack; Generative Representationsfor the automated design of modular physical robotsCompact unstructured representations for evolutionary design, Hamda (Topological optimum design)Acceleration of CA algorithmsusing genetic algorithms, KarafyllidisBiologicalApplicationsRothman & ZaleskiToffoli & MargolusLattice-Gas Cellular Automata, 1997Cellular Automata Machines, 1988Andrew Adamatzky, Computingin nonlinear media and automata collectives,2001Andrew IlachinskiCellular Automata,a discrete universe, 2001von BertalanffyZuse, 1969CA for design of two-dimensional continuum structures, Tatting, GurdalD'Arcy ThompsonRichard FeynmanNorbert WienerStructural design using CA,Slotta, Tatting, GurdalOn Growth and Form, 1917Feynman and Computation, 1999Kirkoff LawsChirlian, Basic Network TheoryControl theoryCyberneticsThe Mathematical Formulation of the Problem of Conduction ofImpulses in a Network of Connected Excitable Elements, Specifically in Cardiac Muscle, 1946 Thomas H. Speller, Jr. 2007, Engineering Systems Division (ESD), MassachusettsInstituteModularityof Technology& specializationRobustnessHighly optimized toleranceLipson, Pollack, Suh; Origin of modular variation20
Application #1 – Reading Notes Recording Short Statements while readingan article or book is relatively Quick, andprovides a platform for memory retention, aswell as future output. Example:– Product Design and Development – CustomerNeeds Identification Use Mindmap to summarize key points of chapter. Use Mindmap to display key points in DocumentOutline Form (conversion to Word) Thomas H. Speller, Jr. 2007, Engineering Systems Division (ESD), Massachusetts Institute of Technology21
Examples/ Points Thomas H. Speller, Jr. 2007, Engineering Systems Division (ESD), Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyApplication #1 – Book NotesProduct Design and Development, Chapter 4Chapter Sections22
The Mind Map is very Concise:If we convert the map to MSWord,PowerPoint or MS Project Format,we automatically get a “pretty good”outline of our thought process . Thomas H. Speller, Jr. 2007, Engineering Systems Division (ESD), Massachusetts Institute of Technology23
Slides and Notes are Automatic Thomas H. Speller, Jr. 2007, Engineering Systems Division (ESD), Massachusetts Institute of Technology24
Example 2 – Summarize ConceptsImage removed due to copyright restrictions. Thomas H. Speller, Jr. 2007, Engineering Systems Division (ESD), Massachusetts Institute of Technology25
Taking “Live” Notes Mind Map is both quicker, and more efficientthan hand notes for most lectures Mind Map is NOT necessarily good forTechnical Lectures? Thomas H. Speller, Jr. 2007, Engineering Systems Division (ESD), Massachusetts Institute of Technology26
Mind Map References index.php/Main Page Freeware– BooksThe Mind Map Book, T. Buzan, Penguin, 1996. Thomas H. Speller, Jr. 2007, Engineering Systems Division (ESD), Massachusetts Institute of Technology27
Mind maps work the way the brain works – Not in nice neat lines. Memory is naturally associative, not linear. – Any idea probably has thousands of links in your mind. Mind maps allow associations and links to be recorded and reinforced. The mind remembers key words and images, not sentences – Try recalling just one sentence from memory! Mind
Opera performance', 'creativity in Chinese Arts', 'creativity in Cantonese Opera scripts', 'creativity in Cantonese Opera music', and 'creativity in transmission of Cantonese Opera'. Local and oversea scholars and representatives of Cantonese Opera performers, together with several other enthusiasts, all shared their precious .
Independent Personal Pronouns Personal Pronouns in Hebrew Person, Gender, Number Singular Person, Gender, Number Plural 3ms (he, it) א ִוה 3mp (they) Sֵה ,הַָּ֫ ֵה 3fs (she, it) א O ה 3fp (they) Uֵה , הַָּ֫ ֵה 2ms (you) הָּ תַא2mp (you all) Sֶּ תַא 2fs (you) ְ תַא 2fp (you
Social Psychology of Creativity: A Consensual Assessment Technique Teresa M. Amabile Brandeis University Although personality research has made much progress in developing an indi-vidual-difference psychology of creativity, the nature of this phenomenon can only be fully illuminated if a social psychology of creativity is developed as well.
Creativity, voice, and knowledge sharing wedescribeempirical evidence regarding the role of employee voice and knowledge shar-in fostering creativity and innovation. 2.1. Creativity and innovation Creativity is the generation of novel and useful ideas or solutions to problems (Amabile, 1983; Sternberg, 1988; Weisberg, 1988). On the other hand,
early childhood setting in relation to creativity (see 9, 13, 15–18). Both creativity and play require imagination, insight, problem solving, divergent thinking, the ability to experience emotion and to make choices (19). This does not mean that all play involves creativity. Prentice (18) suggests that active
Journal of Creative Behavior and the Creativity Research Journal – several handbooks (e.g., Sternberg, 1999), and even a two-volume Handbook of Creativity (Runco & Pritzker, 1999). Although some psychologists might argue that the creativity still deserves more research than it currently
75 Quotes about Creativity and Innovation 1. “There is no doubt that creativity is the most important human resource of all. Without creativity, there would be no progre
Oct 27, 2014 · Knowledge@Wharton The Boston Consulting Group 1 Radical Innovation, Part I: Unleashing Creativity You can’t legislate creativity or innovation. “But you sure as heck can take whatever creativity exists in an organization and kill it very quickly,” says Kimberly A. Wagner, a partner and a managing
