Solar Energy Systems - Seattle
GREENTipsdciSeattle Department of Constructionand Inspections420Seattle Permits— part of a multi-departmental City of Seattle series on getting a permitSolar Energy Systemsgrid, spinning your utility meter backwards. This processis called "net metering."Updated October 8, 2018Solar Hot Water Systems use the sun's heat to preheatwater before it enters your conventional water heater.With a solar water heater, you pay less for the electricityor natural gas that you normally use to heat your water.This Tip was developed jointly by the Seattle Departmentof Construction and Inspections (SDCI) and Seattle CityLight (SCL), to ensure that solar electric and hot watersystems , are installed safely and provide their maximumbenefit to the owner.Benefits of solar energy systems include: Lower energy bills and energy conservation. Clean energy production that helps meet Seattle'sgreenhouse gas reduction targets and climateaction goals New economic opportunities and green jobs Power from secure, local energyIn addition to this Tip, you can find more detailed information on solar access, sizing to fit your project’s needs,and performance in SCL’s Guide to Installing a SolarElectric System available at: gy/customer-solar/.Types of Solar Energy SystemsYou can use solar energy to produce electricity or toheat waterSolar Electric Systems (also called Photovoltaic or "PV"systems) convert sunlight directly into electricity youcan use in your home or business. With a solar electricsystem, you pay less for electricity fromSeattle City Light. If your system produces more electricity than you need at any given time, it will supply theBuilding a Better SeattleThe green series is just one of many resources designed to help youbuild green and create value for your project from initial conceptplanning to permitting, construction and operation. To learn more,please visit seattle.gov/sdci.PERMIT REQUIREMENTSYou need to obtain the required permits to install yoursolar system. For specific information, you shouldcontact SDCI’s Applicant Service Center (ASC) at (206)684-8850.Building PermitYou may not need a building permit for solar electricsystems when all the following are met and confirmedby the installer: The solar electric (photovoltaic) system isdesigned and proposed for a rooftop of a singlefamily house. The mounting system is engineered and designedfor solar electric systems. The rooftop is made from lightweight material suchas shingle. Panels aren't mounted higher than 18” above thesurface of the roof where they will be attached.None of the system may exceed the highest point ofa pitched roof. The total (dead load) weight of the panels, supports,mountings, raceways, and all other accessories isn'tmore than 5 pounds per square foot. The supports for the solar panels are installed tospread the weight across as many roof framing sections as needed to ensure that at no point are loads inexcess of 50 pounds exerted on a single section. The attachment to the roof is specified by the mounting system manufacturer.www.seattle.gov/sdci700 5th Avenue, Suite 2000P.O. Box 34019Seattle, WA 98124-4019(206) 684-8600Printed on totally chlorine free paper made with 100% post-consumer fiber
SDCI Tip #420—Solar Energy Systems The method and type of weatherproofing roof penetrations, such as grommets or flashing, are provided. The structure meets land use regulations, such assetbacks and height.n Fire code requirements are met.You may need a building permit for solar energy systemswhen: Residential rooftop solar electric systems do notmeet all of the above. The solar electric system is for a commercial orindustrial application. The solar electric systems are not on a rooftop andrequire standalone support structures on the ground. The solar electric system is part of building alterationsor additions, valued over 6,000 (not including thevalue of the solar equipment).page 2Electrical PermitYou need to get an electrical permit for all solar electricsystems as listed in the chart below.For more information, visit: ue-(a-z)/electricalpermit. Call our Electrical Technical Support at (206)684-5383 if you have questions.SCL requires an Interconnection Application and Agreement, which is conditional on the final approval of yourelectrical permit (see Interconnection and Net MeteringRequirements on page 5).Plumbing PermitYou need a plumbing permit when installing a solarhot water system. Plumbing permits are approved andissued by the Seattle/King County Public Health Department: l.Even if you are exempt from the permit requirements,you must follow all relevant codes, laws, or ordinances.Renewable EnergyRating SystemIs OnlinePermittingAvailable?Is a Plan Required?What is thePermit Fee?0-7.7 KWYesYes. You must have your plans and manufacturer installationinstructions available onsite for the electrical inspector beforecalling for your first cover inspection. The preferred plan size is11 x 17 inches. 7.7 - 26 KWYesYes. You must email your plans to 254 (1 xdpd renewable energy@seattle.gov (underscore betweenbase 64words) after the online permit is issued. Your emailed plan,admin feeincluding manufacturer installation instructions, should be namedas PermitNumber Address.pdf (6441142 1111 2nd Ave SW.pdf).The preferred plan size 11 x 17 inches. 26 KWNo*Submit two plan sets and specifications including system layoutand all system components at time of application. 206.50(3/4 base 64 adminfee)Based onvalue ofsystem*Electronic plan review is available via SDCI's electronic plan review portal with permission from the Electrical Program Manager.LEGAL DISCLAIMER: This Tip should not be used as a substitute for codes and regulations. The applicant is responsible for compliancewith all code and rule requirements, whether or not described in this Tip.
SDCI Tip #420—Solar Energy SystemsFIRE CODE REQUIREMENTSSolar Photovalic (PV) systems present unique electricshock hazards for firefighters.During firefighting activities, firefighters will disconnectthe electricity to the building. The electric output of thesolar system inverter instantly shuts down when utility power is interrupted. However, although the directcurrent (DC) isn’t flowing, the PV system DC voltageremains and can be an electrical hazard to firefighters.Locations of Direct Current ConductorsThe following are installation requirements for the SeattleFire Code: Conduit, wiring systems, and raceways for photovoltaic circuits are located as close as possible tothe ridge or hip or valley and from the hip or valley asdirectly as possible to an outside wall. Conduit runs between sub arrays and to DC combiner boxes are installed in a manner that minimizesthe total amount of conduit on the roof by taking theshortest path from the array to the DC combiner box. DC combiner boxes are located such that conduitruns are minimized in the access pathwaysbetween arrays. DC wiring is installed in metallic conduit or racewayswhen located within enclosed spaces in a building.Additional Signage and Marking RequirementsIn addition to the provisions of the Seattle ElectricalCode, the Seattle Fire Code requires marking oninterior and exterior DC conduit, enclosures, raceways,cable assemblies, junction boxes, combiner boxes anddisconnects as follows: The materials used for marking must be reflective,weather resistant and suitable for the environment. Marking must have all letters capitalized with a minimum height of 3/8-inch white on red background, andread “PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER SOURCE.” Marking must be placed on interior and exterior DCconduit, raceways, enclosures and cable assembliesevery 10 feet, within 1 foot of turns or bends andwithin 1 foot above and below penetrations of roofsor ceilings, walls, or barriers. Provide an identification plate adjacent to the mainservice disconnect that is clearly visible from thepage 3location where the disconnect is operated to provideemergency responders with appropriate warningregarding the solar electric system.Rapid Shutdown of PV Systems on BuildingsYou may be able to get the Seattle Fire Code provisionsfor locations of DC conductors and additional signageand marking waived. To be eligible, your solar electricsystems must comply with Seattle Electrical Code Section 690.12, Rapid Shutdown of PV Systems on Buildings, as approved by SDCI's Electrical Division.Access and Pathways to Residential PV Systems for One- and Two-Family DwellingsYou are not required to comply with the Seattle FireCode Section 605.11.3 provisions for roof access andpathways for one- and two- family dwellings that meetone of the following: The structure has an approved automatic fire sprinkler system installed The roofs have slopes of two units vertical in twelveunits horizontal (2:12) or less The total combined area of the solar array does notexceed thirty-three percent (as measured in the planview) of the total roof area of the structure, the solararray will measure 1,000 square feet or less in area,and where a minimum 18-inch wide unobstructedpathway is maintained along each side of any horizontal ridge The structure is a detached, noninhabitable Group Uoccupancy, such as a storage shedFor one- and two- family dwellings having PV systemsthat do not meet the above criteria: Roof access points must be located at strong pointsof building construction, in areas that do not requirethe placement of ground ladders over openings suchas windows or doors, and in locations where theaccess point does not conflict with overhead obstructions such as tree limbs, wires, or signs. Roof access points must be located at strong pointsof building construction, in areas that do not requirethe placement of ground ladders over openings suchas windows or doors, and in locations where theaccess point does not conflict with overhead obstructions such as tree limbs, wires, or signs. Each PV system array must be not be greater than150 feet by 150 feet.LEGAL DISCLAIMER: This Tip should not be used as a substitute for codes and regulations. The applicant is responsible for compliancewith all code and rule requirements, whether or not described in this Tip.
SDCI Tip #420—Solar Energy Systems Panels/modules must be located at least 18 inchesbelow the ridge to allow the fire department to ventilate smoke Common Residential Roof Types.Single Ridge. Panels/modules installed on one- and twofamily dwellings with a single ridge must be located so thatthere are two, 3-feet-wide unobstructed access pathwaysfrom the eave to the ridge on each roof slope where thepanels/modules are located.Hip Roof Layouts. Panels/modules installed on oneand two- family dwellings with hip roof layouts must belocated so that there is a 3-foot-wide clear access pathway from the eave to the ridge on each roof slope wherethe panels/modules are located. The access pathwaymust be located at a structurally strong location on thebuilding capable of supporting the fire fighters accessingthe roof.Roof Hips and Valleys. Panels/modules installed onone- and two- family dwellings with roof hips and valleysmust be located no closer than 18 inches to a hip or avalley where the panels/modules are to be placed on bothsides of a hip or valley. Where panels are to be located ononly one side of a hip or valley, the panels are permittedto be placed directly adjacent to the hip or valley.Please refer to Appendix 1 for graphic examplesof depicting pathways for residential one-and two-familydwellings.For further information for multifamily and commercialsystems please reference the 2015 Seattle Fire Codeat: (a-z)/fire-code.LAND USE REQUIREMENTSThe following information is excerpted from the SeattleMunicipal Code (SMC), but does not substitute for reading the full code.In general, your alterations and additions to existingbuildings must be permitted and conform to the lotcoverage and height and setback (yard) requirementsdescribed in the Land Use Code. Solar energy systemsreferred to in the Land Use Code as solar collectors arepermitted outright as an accessory use. Solar collectorsare defined as “any device used to collect direct sunlightfor use in the heating or cooling of a structure, domestic hot water, or swimming pool, or the generation ofelectricity” (SMC 23.44.046). This means the collectorsare incidental to and support the principal use of the lot,such as a home or business.Figure 3 (at the end of the Tip), summarizes how solarpage 4systems fit in with land use and zoning requirements.DESIGN AND INSTALLATIONCONSIDERATIONSRooftop InstallationsIf you install elevated PV panels on a flat roof, coveredusable space may be created that could be classified asan additional story.Solar Access and PerformanceFor optimal solar performance your solar energy system should be in a location that has clear unobstructedaccess to the sun (free of shading from roofs, treesand other landscape features) for most of the day andthroughout the year. During a site evaluation, a solarcontractor should evaluate potential collector locationsusing a tool like a Solar Pathfinder that illustrates annualshade impacts.Tree RemovalIf you are considering pruning or removing trees toimprove solar access, it is important to review applicableregulations and permit requirements while planning yoursolar array. Permits for solar energy systems do notconsider adjacent trees or give property owners specialpermission to remove trees that could interfere with theirsystem. Tip 242, Tree Protection Regulations in Seattle,summarizes tree regulations for private property. Regulations for street trees (trees located in the public right-of-way) are available d-services/permits/street-tree-permits.Rooftop StructuralIf you are unsure about the structural integrity of your roof,or if it needs repair, have it professionally inspected toverify its condition and suitability. You may need to makeroofing improvements prior to mounting solar panels.If you are installing your solar energy system on yourroof, be sure to provide a stable and durable connectionto the roof structure for the size and weight of the components used. Take extra care to ensure a leak-proofinstallation. Consult an experienced building contractoror structural engineer for unusual, complicated, or heavyinstallations. We may require engineering documents inLEGAL DISCLAIMER: This Tip should not be used as a substitute for codes and regulations. The applicant is responsible for compliancewith all code and rule requirements, whether or not described in this Tip.
SDCI Tip #420—Solar Energy Systemssome circumstances.ElectricalConnecting solar equipment safely to an existing electrical service requires careful consideration and planning.You may need to make modifications to branch circuitwiring or the panel board. You must have a solar electric system breaker connected to the breaker furthestfrom the main breaker. You must include informationabout all changes to the electrical system n your electricpermit application. Be sure to follow all manufacturerinstallation instructions.All components of your solar electric system, such asphotovoltaic modules and inverters, must be listed by anationally recognized testing laboratory. See Article 690of the National Electrical Code for requirements specificto solar photovoltaic systems, and SCL’s InterconnectionStandards for more detail about electrical requirements.INTERCONNECTION AND NET METERINGREQUIREMENTS FOR SOLAR ELECTRICSYSTEMSNet Metering Benefits and OptionsThe advantage of interconnection and net metering,compared to solar electric systems operated independently of a utility grid, is that customers on the gridare assured of electricity needs being met year roundregardless of solar availability and the size of systeminstalled. With net metering any excess electricity generated by the customer during a billing period is credited back to the customer. In addition, a battery-less,interconnected system avoids inefficiencies and maintenance costs associated with battery storage.Customer-owned, grid-connected generating systems(solar, wind, biomass, hydro, and fuel cell systems) of100 kW or less qualify for SCL’s Net Metering programand are subject to inspection.Net Metering Required FormsYou are required to fill out an Interconnection Applicationand Agreement in order to connect to SCL’s grid. Theagreement holds you accountable for meeting specificinterconnection standards and safety requirements. Youare responsible for the proper installation and operation ofyour solar electric systems. Your system installation andoperation must conform with all applicable codes, regulations, and manufacturer’s safety and operating manuals.page 5CHOOSING A CONTRACTORIf you have the required construction and electricalexperience, you may install your own solar electric systems. However, we highly recommend using a licensedcontractor. Considerations for selecting qualified contractors are: Do they have a business license? Are they licensed for the work you want them to do(mechanical, electrical, structural, etc.)? How long have they been in business? How many solar energy systems have they installed? Will they provide references? Have they attended manufacturer, trade association,or other training on solar electric installations?Please check the Washington Labor and Industries website at www.lni.wa.gov/TradesLicensing/Contractors/HireCon to learn more about the listed contractor,licensing status, violations, etc.The North American Board of Certified Energy Practitioners (NABCEP) runs a quality credentialing and certification program for renewable energy professionals. Inorder to be NABCEP certified, a practitioner must meetinstallation experience requirements, sign a code of ethics, and pass a four-hour exam. Look for the NABCEPseal on contractors’ websites. More information aboutNABCEP and a list of certified installers can be found attheir website at www.nabcep.org.A complete bid to install your system will include the total cost of getting it up and running, including all equipment, wiring, installation, grid connection, permits, salestax, and warranty.FINANCIAL INCENTIVESFederal Tax CreditIndividuals and businesses that install solar energysystems are eligible for a federal tax credit of 30 percent of the system cost (the total of the installation andmaterials). Individuals need to fill out Residential EnergyCredits IRS Form 5695 and businesses need to use theInvestment Credit IRS Form 3468. Updated forms canbe found on the IRS website at www.irs.gov. For questions on the tax credits please consult your tax advisor.State Sales Tax ExemptionSolar electric systems are eligible for a partial reduc-LEGAL DISCLAIMER: This Tip should not be used as a substitute for codes and regulations. The applicant is responsible for compliancewith all code and rule requirements, whether or not described in this Tip.
SDCI Tip #420—Solar Energy Systemstion or exemption from state sales taxes, depending onthe system’s size and year of installation. Consult yourcontractor for details on this tax exemption.Washington Renewable EnergyProduction IncentiveWashington State provides financial incentives for electricity generated from renewable energy resources. Eligibleelectricity producing renewable energy sources includesolar, wind and anaerobic digesters. The incentive isbased on the type of generation system and where itwas manufactured, and on the total kilowatt-hours ofelectricity generated between July 1 and June 30 ofeach fiscal year.If you want to receive the incentive, you must install aSCL production meter.If your eligible generation systems are certified by theWashington State Department of Revenue, you willqualify for annual incentive payments.The program is capped annually per customer and expires in 2020. Further information and application formsare available atwww.seattle.gov/light/solarenergy.FURTHER ASSISTANCEVisit SDCI’s Applicant Services Center, before you beginyour project, to talk with a permit specialist or land useplanner about specific code requirements and installation considerations for your project. Call SLC’s EnergyAdvisory Line at (206) 684-3800 if you have general solarrelated questions.SDCI Applicant Services Center andPublic Resource CenterYou can find information about permit applications andissuance, plan review, and permit history at SDCI’s Applicant Services Center pplicant-services-center)and Public Resource Center ublic-resource-center). You will also be able to get copies of publications,such as Tips and Directors' Rules, and use our self-helpcomputer terminals.Seattle Municipal Tower, 20th floor700 Fifth Avenue(206) 684-8850SDCI Publicationspage 6 Tip 417, Sun Chart: Determination of Solar Exposure Director’s Rule 13-2002, Solar Collectors: EligibilityCriteria and System Efficiency RequirementsSCL Conservation Resources DivisionSCL's solar homepage, www.seattle.gov/light/solarenergy, provides the necessary applications forinterconnection and net metering, production metering, and Washington State Department of Revenuesystem certification.For information and assistance on City Light renewableenergy and energy efficiency programs for home orbusiness, contact an energy advisor at(206) v/light/conserveResources for City Light CustomersThe City Light website includes several resources forcustomers who are considering a rooftop solar array. Itdescribes the steps that customers will take to apply fora renewable energy production credit for residential solarPV systems, including interconnection and net metering,production metering, and Washington State Departmentof Revenue system certification.For information and assistance on City Light renewableenergy and energy efficiency programs for home orbusiness, contact a City Light Energy Advisor at (206)684-3800For assistance with energy strategy development,daylighting design guidance/simulation, and wholebuilding energy modeling for commercial, education,and healthcare facilities contact the City Light designpartners at the UW Center for Integrated Design at(206) 616-6566.SCL Service CentersProviding interconnection, net metering, and productionmetering assistance:SCL North Service Center(for projects north of Denny Way)1300 N. 97th Street(206) 615-0600SCL South Service Center(for projects south of Denny Way)3613 Fifth Avenue SouthLEGAL DISCLAIMER: This Tip should not be used as a substitute for codes and regulations. The applicant is responsible for compliancewith all code and rule requirements, whether or not described in this Tip.
SDCI Tip #420—Solar Energy Systemspage 7(206) 386-4200Solar WashingtonThe local chapter of the American Solar EnergySociety promotes the development of solar and renewable energy through education and training. Events,articles, newsletter, and links are posted on their websiteat www.solarwashington.org.US Department of EnergyEnergy Efficiency and Renewable EnergyThis division of the Department of Energy has a focus onenhancing renewable and sustainable energy production. You can find information about types of energy,state information, funding, and a consumer guide ontheir website at www.eere.energy.gov.Energy StarEnergy Star is a joint program of the U.S. Department ofEnergy and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,providing consumer information on energy-efficientproducts and practices. Visit their website for moreinformation at www.energystar.gov.Northwest Solar CommunitiesNorthwest Solar Communities is a coalition of jurisdictions, utilities, industry partners and citizen groups,working together to make rooftop solar electricity morecost-effective for all. The coalition grew out of the Evergreen State Solar Partnership, led by the WashingtonDepartment of Commerce and Northwest SEED. Formore information, visit their website at www.nwsolarcommunities.org.Access to InformationLinks to electronic versions of SDCI Tips, codes andforms are available on the "Codes & Resources"pages of our website at www.seattle.gov/sdci.Paper copies of these documents are available fromour Public Resource Center, located on the 20thfloor of Seattle Municipal Tower at 700 Fifth Ave. indowntown Seattle, (206) 684-8467.LEGAL DISCLAIMER: This Tip should not be used as a substitute for codes and regulations. The applicant is responsible for compliancewith all code and rule requirements, whether or not described in this Tip.
4 feet above theheight limit, or4 feet above theridge of a pitchedroof.Max. HeightProtection of SolarAccessSMC 23.44.046HeightTotal height fromexisting gradeto the top of thesolar collectors nomore than 9 feetabove height limitSingle Family/Residential SmallLotRequirements4 feet aboveheight limits(additionalheight forpitched roofsmay not becounted inthis measurement)23.45.545LowriseMultifamily10 feet abovethe maximumheight limit or10 feet abovethe heightof elevatorpenthouse(s)23.45.545Midrise andHighriseResidential7 feet aboveheight limit,with unlimitedrooftop coverage or15 feet abovethe applicableheight limit,as long as thecombined totalcoverage doesnot exceed 20percent of theroof area or 25percent of theroof area if thetotal includesstair or elevator penthousesor screenedmechanicalequipment.15 feet abovethe applicableheight limit,as long as thecombined totalcoverage doesnot exceed 20percent of theroof area or 25percent of theroof area if thetotal includesstair or elevator penthousesor screenedmechanicalequipment.23.50.020Industrial7 feet aboveheight limit,with unlimitedrooftop coverage or23.47A.012CommercialNeighborhoodCommercialwith 65 foot ormore heightLocate at least 10 feet from thenorth edge of the roof unless ashadow diagram is provided thatdemonstrates that locating such features within 10 feet of the north edgeof the roof would not shade propertyto the north on January 21st at noonmore than would a structure built tomaximum permitted height and FAR15 feet above theapplicable heightlimit, as long asthe combined totalcoverage does notexceed 20 percentof the roof areaor 25 percent ofthe roof area if thetotal includes stairor elevator penthouses or screenedmechanical equipment.4 feet aboveheight limit, withunlimited rooftopcoverage or23.47A.012CommercialNeighborhoodCommercial with30 and 40 footheightLocate at least 10 feetfrom the north edgeof the roof, or provideshadow diagrams todemonstrate that theproposed location of suchrooftop features wouldshade property to thenorth on January 21st atnoon no more than woulda structure built to maximum permitted bulk15 feet above the applicable height limit, aslong as the combinedtotal coverage does notexceed 20 percent of theroof area or 25 percent ofthe roof area if the totalincludes stair or elevatorpenthouses or screenedmechanical equipment.7 feet above height limit,with unlimited rooftopcoverage or23.48.010Seattle Mixed15 feet above theapplicable heightlimit whencombined coverage of all rooftopfeatures, does notexceed 35 percentof the roof areaor 55 percent ofthe roof area forstructures that aresubject to maximum floor arealimits per story.7 feet above theheight limit withunlimited rooftopcoverage or23.49.008DowntownFigure 3: Land Use Requirements for Solar Collectors. The following is excerpted from the Seattle Municipal Code (SMC), but does not substitute orcomplete information.
No closer than 5feet to any otherprincipal or accessory structure.Not countedApplicant’s should contact the SDCIs Applicant Service Center (ASC) at (206) 684-8850 rvicescenter/OtherLot CoverageNon-ConformingStructuresNANo closerthan 5 feetto any otherprincipal oraccessorystructure.No closerthan 5 feetto any otherprincipal oraccessorystructure.NANo closer than5 feet to anyother principalor accessorystructure.No closer than5 feet to anyother principalor accessorystructure.NAThree (3) feet toany lot line thatabuts a residentially zoned lot.Three (3) feet toany lot line thatabuts a residentially zoned lot.NAthree (3) feet toany lot line thatabuts a residentially zoned lotThree (3) feet toany lot line thatabuts a residentially zoned lot.Three (3) feet toany lot line thatabuts a residentially zoned lot.15Three (3) feet toany lot line thatabuts a residentially zoned lot.Rear3Three (3) feet toany lot line thatabuts a residentially zoned lot.23.47A.0143Three (3) feet toany lot line thatabuts a residentially zoned lot.23.47A.014CommercialNeighborhoodCommercialwith 65 foot ormore height323.45.545CommercialNeighborhoodCommercial with30 and 40 footheightSide23.45.545Midrise andHighriseResidentialSame as prin- Same as principal structure cipal Setback/yards Front Same as principalstructureSingle Family/Residential NANASeattle MixedNANANANANANADowntown
SDCI Tip #420—Solar Energy Systemspage 10Appendix 1:Examples of Pathways for Residential PV Systems for One- and Two-Family DwellingsSingle Ridge Full GableSingle Ridge Full Hip RoofLEGAL DISCLAIMER: This Tip should not be used as a substitute for codes and regulations. The applicant is responsible for compliancewith all code and rule requirements, whether or not described in this Tip.
SDCI Tip #420—Solar Energy Systemspage 11Cross Gables with One ValleyCross Gables with Two ValleysLEGAL DISCLAIMER: This Tip should not be used as a substitute for codes and regulations. The applicant is responsible for compliancewith all code and rule requirements, whether or not described in this Tip.
Oct 08, 2018 · build green and create value for your project from initial concept . Solar Energy Systems Updated October 8, 2018 This Tip was developed jointly by the Seattle Department of Construction and Inspections (SDCI) and Seattle City Light (SCL), to ensure that solar electric and hot water systems
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SIDE SEWERS DPD Director's Rule 2-2006 SPU Director's Rule 01-06 6 ¶ City of Seattle Side Sewer Code (Seattle Municipal Code Chapter 21.16). ¶ City of Seattle Stormwater, Grading and Drainage Control Code (Seattle Municipal Code Chapter 22.800 -808). ¶ City of Seattle Environmentally Critical Areas Ordinanc e (Seattle Municipal Code Chapter 25.09).
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4. Solar panel energy rating (i.e. wattage, voltage and amperage). DESIGN OF SYSTEM COMPONENTS Solar Panels 1. Solar Insolation Solar panels receive solar radiation. Solar insolation is the measure of the amount of solar radiation received and is recorded in units of kilowatt-hours per square meter per day (kWh/m2/day). Solar insolation varies .
responding to the solar direction. The solar tracker can be used for several application such as solar cells, solar day-lighting system and solar thermal arrays. The solar tracker is very useful for device that needs more sunlight for higher efficiency such as solar cell. Many of the solar panels had been
There are three types of solar cookers, solar box cookers or oven solar cookers, indirect solar cookers, and Concentrating solar cookers [2-10]. Figure 1 shows different types of solar cookers namely. A common solar box cooker consists of an insulated box with a transparent glass or plastic cover that allows solar radiation to pass through.
The Solar Energy System Disclosure Document and Solar Contract: What You Need to Know Solar Energy System Disclosure Document The Solar Energy System Disclosure Document is a standardized document created by the Contractors State License Board (CSLB). By law, a solar provider must give you a Solar Energy System Disclosure
Agile software development with Scrum is first introduced with its elements. Next, we use three development process lenses (communication, coordination, and control) to study how Scrum supports each of development processes, how they are related each other, and how they affect the performance of Scrum. In the following section, we analyze Scrum practices from social factor theories (social .
