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Learn Selenium in 1 DayBy Krishna RungtaCopyright 2018 - All Rights Reserved – Krishna RungtaALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmittedin any form whatsoever, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying,recording, or by any informational storage or retrieval system without expresswritten, dated and signed permission from the author.
Table Of ContentChapter 1: Introduction to SeleniumChapter 2: Install Selenium IDE and FireBugChapter 3: Introduction to Selenium IDEChapter 4: Creating your First Selenium IDE scriptChapter 5: How to use Locators in Selenium IDEChapter 6: How to enhance a script using Selenium IDEChapter 7: Store Variables, Echo, Alert, PopUp handling in Selenium IDEChapter 8: Introduction to WebDriver & Comparison with Selenium RCChapter 9: Guide to install Selenium WebDriverChapter 10: Creating your First Script in WebdriverChapter 11: Accessing Forms in WebdriverChapter 12: How to Select Option from DropDown using Selenium WebdriverChapter 13: Accessing Links & Tables using Selenium WebdriverChapter 14: Keyboard & Mouse Event using Action Class in Selenium WebdriverChapter 15: How to Upload & Download a File using Selenium WebdriverChapter 16: XPath in Selenium: Complete GuideChapter 17: How TestNG makes Selenium tests easierChapter 18: Handling Date Time Picker using SeleniumChapter 19: Alert & Popup handling in SeleniumChapter 20: Handling Dynamic Web Tables Using Selenium WebDriver
Chapter 21: Using Contains, Sibling, Ancestor to Find Element in SeleniumChapter 22: Implicit & Explicit Waits in SeleniumChapter 23: Parameterization using XML and DataProviders: SeleniumChapter 24: All About Excel in Selenium: POI & JXLChapter 25: Page Object Model (POM) & Page Factory in Selenium: Ultimate GuideChapter 26: Introduction to Selenium GridChapter 27: Maven & Jenkins with Selenium: Complete TutorialChapter 28: Creating Keyword & Hybrid Frameworks with SeleniumChapter 29: Database Testing using Selenium: Step by Step GuideChapter 30: Handling Iframes in SeleniumChapter 31: Cross Browser Testing using SeleniumChapter 32: PDF , Emails and Screenshot of Test Reports in SeleniumChapter 33: How to Take Screenshot in Selenium WebDriverChapter 34: Sessions, Parallel run and Dependency in SeleniumChapter 35: Tutorial on Log4j and LogExpert with SeleniumChapter 36: Selenium with HTMLUnit Driver & PhantomJSChapter 37: Using Robot API with SeleniumChapter 38: How to use AutoIT with SeleniumChapter 39: Desired Capabilities in SeleniumChapter 40: SSL Certificate Error Handling in SeleniumChapter 41: Handling Ajax call in Selenium Webdriver
Chapter 42: Listeners and their use in Selenium WebDriverChapter 43: Execute JavaScript based code using Selenium WebdriverChapter 44: Using Selenium with PythonChapter 45: How to use intelliJ & Selenium WebdriverChapter 46: Test Case Priority in TestNGChapter 47: TestNG: Execute multiple test suitesChapter 48: Introduction to TestNG GroupsChapter 49: Verify Tooltip Using Selenium WebDriverChapter 50: Flash Testing with SeleniumChapter 51: How to Find Broken links using Selenium WebdriverChapter 52: Selenium Core ExtensionsChapter 53: Using Apache Ant with SeleniumChapter 54: Using Selenium with GithubChapter 55: Handling Cookies in Selenium WebDriverChapter 56: Using SoapUI with SeleniumChapter 57: XSLT Report in SeleniumChapter 58: Firefox Profile - Selenium WebDriverChapter 59: Breakpoints and Startpoints in SeleniumChapter 60: Top 100 Selenium Interview Questions & AnswersChapter 61: Using Cucumber with SeleniumChapter 62: Drag and Drop action in Selenium
Chapter 63: Selenium C# Webdriver Tutorial for BeginnersChapter 64: Creating Object Repository in Selenium WebDriverChapter 65: Scroll UP or Down a page in Selenium WebdriverChapter 66: File Upload using Sikuli in Selenium WebdriverChapter 67: Gecko (Marionette) Driver Selenium: Download, Install, Use withFirefoxChapter 68: Find Element and Find Elements in Selenium
Chapter 1: Introduction to SeleniumWhat is Selenium?Selenium is a free (open source) automated testing suite for web applications acrossdifferent browsers and platforms. It is quite similar to HP Quick Test Pro (QTP nowUFT) only that Selenium focuses on automating web-based applications. Testingdone using Selenium tool is usually referred as Selenium Testing.Selenium is not just a single tool but a suite of software's, each catering to differenttesting needs of an organization. It has four components. Selenium Integrated Development Environment (IDE)Selenium Remote Control (RC)WebDriverSelenium GridAt the moment, Selenium RC and WebDriver are merged into a single framework toform Selenium 2. Selenium 1, by the way, refers to Selenium RC.Who developed Selenium?Since Selenium is a collection of different tools, it had different developers as well.Below are the key persons who made notable contributions to the Selenium Project
Primarily, Selenium was created by Jason Huggins in 2004. An engineer atThoughtWorks, he was working on a web application that required frequent testing.Having realized that the repetitious Manual Testing of their application wasbecoming more and more inefficient, he created a JavaScript program that wouldautomatically control the browser's actions. He named this program as the"JavaScriptTestRunner."Seeing potential in this idea to help automate other web applications, he madeJavaScriptRunner open-source which was later re-named as Selenium Core.The Same Origin Policy IssueSame Origin policy prohibits JavaScript code from accessing elements from adomain that is different from where it was launched. Example, the HTML code inwww.google.com uses a JavaScript program "randomScript.js". The same originpolicy will only allow randomScript.js to access pages within google.com such asgoogle.com/mail, google.com/login, or google.com/signup. However, it cannotaccess pages from different sites such as yahoo.com/search or guru99.com becausethey belong to different domains.
This is the reason why prior to Selenium RC, testers needed to install local copies ofboth Selenium Core (a JavaScript program) and the web server containing the webapplication being tested so they would belong to the same domainBirth of Selenium Remote Control (Selenium RC)Unfortunately; testers using Selenium Core had to install the whole application undertest and the web server on their own local computers because of the restrictionsimposed by the same origin policy. So another ThoughtWork's engineer, PaulHammant, decided to create a server that will act as an HTTP proxy to "trick" thebrowser into believing that Selenium Core and the web application being testedcome from the same domain. This system became known as the Selenium RemoteControl or Selenium 1.Birth of Selenium GridSelenium Grid was developed by Patrick Lightbody to address the need ofminimizing test execution times as much as possible. He initially called the system"Hosted QA." It was capable of capturing browser screenshots during significantstages, and also of sending out Selenium commands to different machinessimultaneously.Birth of Selenium IDEShinya Kasatani of Japan created Selenium IDE, a Firefox extension that canautomate the browser through a record-and-playback feature. He came up with this
idea to further increase the speed in creating test cases. He donated Selenium IDE tothe Selenium Project in 2006.Birth of WebDriverSimon Stewart created WebDriver circa 2006 when browsers and web applicationswere becoming more powerful and more restrictive with JavaScript programs likeSelenium Core. It was the first cross-platform testing framework that could controlthe browser from the OS level.Birth of Selenium 2In 2008, the whole Selenium Team decided to merge WebDriver and Selenium RC toform a more powerful tool called Selenium 2, with WebDriver being the core.Currently, Selenium RC is still being developed but only in maintenance mode. Mostof the Selenium Project's efforts are now focused on Selenium 2.So, Why the Name Selenium?It came from a joke which Jason cracked one time to his team. Another automatedtesting framework was popular during Selenium's development, and it was by thecompany called Mercury Interactive (yes, the company who originally made QTPbefore it was acquired by HP). Since Selenium is a well-known antidote for Mercurypoisoning, Jason suggested that name. His teammates took it, and so that is how wegot to call this framework up to the present.
Brief Introduction Selenium IDESelenium Integrated Development Environment (IDE) is the simplest framework inthe Selenium suite and is the easiest one to learn. It is a Firefox plugin that you caninstall as easily as you can with other plugins. However, because of its simplicity,Selenium IDE should only be used as a prototyping tool. If you want to create moreadvanced test cases, you will need to use either Selenium RC or WebDriver.
Brief Introduction Selenium Remote Control (Selenium RC)Selenium RC was the flagship testing framework of the whole Selenium project for along time. This is the first automated web testing tool that allowed users to use aprogramming language they prefer. As of version 2.25.0, RC can support thefollowing programming languages: JavaC#PHPPythonPerlRubyBrief Introduction WebDriverThe WebDriver proves itself to be better than both Selenium IDE and Selenium RC inmany aspects. It implements a more modern and stable approach in automating the
browser's actions. WebDriver, unlike Selenium RC, does not rely on JavaScript forAutomation. It controls the browser by directly communicating with it.The supported languages are the same as those in Selenium RC. JavaC#PHPPythonPerlRubySelenium GridSelenium Grid is a tool used together with Selenium RC to run parallel tests acrossdifferent machines and different browsers all at the same time. Parallel executionmeans running multiple tests at once.Features: Enables simultaneous running of tests in multiple browsers andenvironments.Saves time enormously.Utilizes the hub-and-nodes concept. The hub acts as a central source ofSelenium commands to each node connected to it.
Note on Browser and Environment SupportBecause of their architectural differences, Selenium IDE, Selenium RC, andWebDriver support different sets of browsers and operating environments.Selenium IDE WebDriverBrowser Support Mozilla Firefox Internet Explorer versions 6 to 11, both 32 and 64bitMicrosoft Edge version 12.10240 & above ( partialsupport some functionalities under development)Firefox 3.0 and aboveGoogle Chrome 12.0. and aboveOpera 11.5 and aboveAndroid - 2.3 and above for phones and tablets(devices & emulators)iOS 3 for phones (devices & emulators) and 3.2 for tablets (devices & emulators)OperatingSystemHtmlUnit 2.9 and aboveWindows, Mac All operating systems where the browsers aboveOS X, Linuxcan run.Note: Selenium WebDriver is termed as the successor of Selenium RC which hasbeen deprecated & officially announced by SeleniumHQ.How to Choose the Right Selenium Tool for Your NeedToolWhy Choose? SeleniumIDE To learn about concepts on automated testing and Selenium,including:Selenese commands such as type, open, clickAndWait, assert,verify, etc.Locators such as id, name, xpath, css selector, etc.Executing customized JavaScript code using runScriptExporting test cases in various formats.To create tests with little or no prior knowledge in programming.To create simple test cases and test suites that you can exportlater to RC or WebDriver.To test a web application against Firefox only.
ToolWhy Choose? Selenium RC WebDriver SeleniumGrid To design a test using a more expressive language than SeleneseTo run your test against different browsers (except HtmlUnit) ondifferent operating systems.To deploy your tests across multiple environments usingSelenium Grid.To test your application against a new browser that supportsJavaScript.To test web applications with complex AJAX-based scenarios.To use a certain programming language in designing your testcase.To test applications that are rich in AJAX-based functionalities.To execute tests on the HtmlUnit browser.To create customized test results.To run your Selenium RC scripts in multiple browsers andoperating systems simultaneously.To run a huge test suite, that needs to complete in the soonesttime possible.A Comparison between Selenium and QTP(now UFT)Quick Test Professional(QTP) is a proprietary automated testing tool previouslyowned by the company Mercury Interactive before it was acquired by HewlettPackard in 2006. The Selenium Tool Suite has many advantages over QTP as detailedbelow Advantages of Selenium over QTPSeleniumOpen source, free to use, and free ofcharge.Highly extensibleCan run tests across different browsersSupports various operating systemsQTPCommercial.Limited add-onsCan only run tests in Firefox, InternetExplorer and ChromeCan only be used in Windows
Supports mobile devicesCan execute tests while the browser isminimizedCan execute tests in parallel.QTP Supports Mobile app test automation(iOS & Android) using HP solution called HP Mobile CenterNeeds to have the application under testto be visible on the desktopCan only execute in parallel but usingQuality Center which is again a paidproduct.Advantages of QTP over SeleniumQTPCan test both web and desktopapplicationsComes with a built-in object repositorySeleniumCan only test web applicationsHas no built-in object repositoryAutomates at a slower rate because itAutomates faster than Selenium becausedoes not have a native IDE and only thirdit is a fully featured IDE.party IDE can be used for developmentData-driven testing is easier to performbecause it has built-in global and localdata tables.Data-driven testing is more cumbersomesince you have to rely on the programminglanguage's capabilities for setting valuesfor your test dataCan access controls within thebrowser(such as the Favorites bar,Address bar, Back and Forward buttons,etc.)Cannot access elements outside of theweb application under testProvides professional customer supportNo official user support is being offered.Has native capability to export testdata into external formatsHas no native capability to export runtimedata onto external formats
Parameterization Support is builtParameterization can be done viaprogramming but is difficult to implement.Test Reports are generated automatically No native support to generate test /bugreports.Though clearly, QTP has more advanced capabilities, Selenium outweighs QTP inthree main areas: Cost(because Selenium is completely free)Flexibility(because of a number of programming languages, browsers,and platforms it can support)Parallel testing(something that QTP is capable of but only with use ofQuality Center)Summary The entire Selenium Tool Suite is comprised of four components: Selenium IDE, a Firefox add-on that you can only use in creatingrelatively simple test cases and test suites. Selenium Remote Control, also known as Selenium 1, which is thefirst Selenium tool that allowed users to use programminglanguages in creating complex tests. WebDriver, the newer breakthrough that allows your test scripts tocommunicate directly to the browser, thereby controlling it fromthe OS level. Selenium Grid is also a tool that is used with Selenium RC toexecute parallel tests across different browsers and operatingsystems.Selenium RC and WebDriver was merged to form Selenium 2.Selenium is more advantageous than QTP in terms of costs and flexibility.It also allows you to run tests in parallel, unlike in QTP where you are onlyallowed to run tests sequentially.
"Hosted QA." It was capable of capturing browser screenshots during significant stages, and also of sending out Selenium commands to different machines simultaneously. Birth of Selenium IDE Shinya Kasatani of Japan created Selenium IDE, a Firefox extension that can automate the browser th
Using the selenium.start() command initializes and starts the Selenium RC service. The Selenium RC client module (import selenium in Python) provides methods to operate the Selenium DSL commands (click, type, etc.) in the Browserbot running in the browser. For example, selenium.click("open") tells the
donated Selenium IDE to the Selenium project in the year 2006 Patrick Lightbody creates Selenium Grid to support parallel testing Birth of Selenium RC by Paul Hammant to counter same orginin policy (Selenium 1) Simon Stewart created Selenium WebDriver circa 2006 In 2008, RC and WebDriver are merged in
Selenium webdriver supports multiple web browsers and also support for Ajax applications. The main goal of the selenium webdriver is to improve support for modern web application testing problems. Selenium webdriver supports multiple languages to write the test scripts. Selenium webdriver's API is simpler than the selenium RC's [5].
Selenium Grid Selenium Grid is a tool used to run parallel tests across different machines and different browsers simultaneously which results in minimized execution time. Advantages of Selenium QTP and Selenium are the most used tools in the market for software automation testing. Hence it makes sense to compare the pros of Selenium over QTP.
What is Selenium ? Selenium is an open source test automation framework that support cross browser test automation Selenium 2 also known as WebDriver Selenium supports perl, php, python, objective-c, java, Microsoft.net, ruby, and more. It is not a tool with a UI –it uses a programming language to use it specifically
Differences between Selenium and QTP Selenium Components How to use validations Locatrors in Webdriver Selenium IDE Debugging the script Selenium RC Maintaining synchronization Points Selenium We
Selenium is a portable software-testing framework for web applications Selenium IDE is a complete integrated development environment Implemented as a Firefox extension Selenium IDE includes the entire Selenium Core, can allow recording Editing and debugging tests You can choose to use its recording capability,
than seven years. His primary interest is towards manual testing and he equally enjoys using Selenium for automated testing of web applications. He has been using Selenium from the days of Selenium Remote Control. He has co-authored the official Selenium doc available at SeleniumHQ. He is working as a Test Engineer at Pontiflex.
