The Voynich Manuscript Astronomical Folio 68v1
The Voynich Manuscript Astronomical Folio 68v1Abstract: The Voynich Manuscript folio 68v1 states that the Sun is a star. It is the third of three folios,f.68v1, f.68v2, and f.68v3, that discuss the heliocentric solar system. They are all noteworthy as theyproposed the heliocentric solar system 100 years before Galileo.“All our knowledge has its origins in our percep5ons.” — Leonardo da Vinci (i)IntroductionIn the Middle Ages, about the Gme the VM was wriHen, the Roman Catholic Church advocated ageocentric universe, the Earth was at its center and the Sun, Moon, and planets revolved around it.Anyone opposing their teachings was in serious trouble and could be put to death. The starGng point fordecoding the hieroglyphs from the two circles and the spokes in this folio is indicated in Plate 1. Theencoded text proposes that the Sun is a blazing star that provides the round circular Earth with light.Plate 1: The Voynich Manuscript Folio 68v1 - asterisks mark where encoding starts
Outer circle: A round circle about a star light it is the Sun it is by the Earth. Well light if it is now alas andit is about where there such a thing as light, if it is to place light for there is the Earth for then as fromthe Earth it is with the Sun and then as with or else as the Earth as by a circle around a star there iswhere the Earth is there for what there is well a round circle about a star in that place well it is for a jestwell it is about the Earth it is by the Sun and the Earth it is a round circle about the star moreover as it isthere where it is.Inner circle: The Sun as it is or else what the Sun hold from such like the Earth light it is a round circleabout a star or else with the Sun as it is now I know it is now what it is about, then as with the Earth forthere it is to favor the Earth, then as the world and it is to turn, more over it is for the Earth and well asthe Earth it had a round circle about a star as thou knowest for it is true as the Sun is or it is more overthere. The Earth as it is there as well. About then as well for it is.Spoke 1: He knoweth if now as a certain blazing starSpoke 2: the sun as it is a certain blazing star forSpoke 3: the Earth well as it was a round circle about a starSpoke 4: as there or if there is there round circle about a star asSpoke 5: it is for the Earth light and it is light the Sun isSpoke 6: in Greek secret mysteries if it is for the Earth and it is to asSpoke 7: or else it is as well whether if a round circle about a starSpoke 8: as it had there as for what.The combined spokes: He knoweth if now as a certain blazing star the sun as it is a certain blazing starfor the Earth well as it was a round circle about a star as there or if there is there round circle about astar as it is for the Earth light and it is light the Sun is in Greek secret mysteries if it is for the Earth and itis to as or else it is as well whether if a round circle about a star as it had there as for what.DiscussionAristarchus of Samos (c. 310 - c. 230 BCE) an ancient Greek mathemaGcian and astronomer (ii) “was, asfar as we know, the first one to suggest that the Sun is a star. His ideas were met with disapproval and hewas finally imprisoned for impiety because his ideas did not fit the prejudices of the Gme (iii). In 1600,Giordano Bruno suggested that the Sun is a star like the other stars. He was condemned by both theRoman Catholic and Reformed Churches for this as well as other things and was burnt alive forheresy’ (iv). The Italian astronomer and scienGst Galileo,(v) in 1610, using a telescope was the first topropose the heliocentric solar system, that the Sun is a star and the Earth and planets revolve around it.The VM has been carbon dated to 1430 /- 30 years (vi ), about 150 years before Giordano Bruno
suggested that the Sun is a star. The author of the VM should be given the credit for being the first sinceAristarchus to suggest the Sun is a star.ConclusionIn an earlier arGcle I provide evidence that the VM was wriHen by Leonardo da Vinci (vii). Considering hisintellect and interest in the world around him, it is not surprising that he recorded in the VM that theSun is a star. Leonardo, who lived about 150 years before Giordano Bruno, was wise to recordastronomical ideas in code that unGl now no one has been able to read. He should be credited for beingthe first astronomer since the early Greek astronomers to predict a heliocentric solar system that thedecoding of this folio and folios 68v2 and 68v3 reveals.AppendixThe Hieroglyphs were transposed using my AVA alphabet (viii), decoded using anagrams and translatedinto English using Florio’s 1611 Italian English dicGonary (ix).Outer circle1TeeeiaAiete2OleesSole *E3AeebEeAb
9AtluatleeeaVeLaTalAete10TeesEtSeo
eteloA15CheobaO **Cheab16CesotleeoleobaSoleETelooce
eloCeAr21Ba baAb
aColaBe26eeeaEEeA27Bai*Bai28BaeedBeEAd
eaEtAE33EeluaEueLa“A round circle about a star light it is the Sun it is by the Earth. Well light if it is now alas and it is aboutwhere there such a thing as light, if it is to place light for there is the Earth for then as from the Earth it iswith the Sun and then as with or else as the Earth as by a circle around a star there is where the Earth i sthere for what there is well a round circle about a star in that place well it is for a jest well it is about theEarth it is by the Sun and the Earth it is a round circle about the star moreover as it is there where it is”
Inner obaAbOTelo5EteoEteO **6AleoiEloai
choaeedOCheEDaO13CoiCoI
14AtleeaEte rbeEeeea*18EeutlceaAuecEtle
ASai23OlealeaAElealo24OleeesSoleEe
30BaeeechaChebeaea“The Sun as it is or else what the Sun hold from such like the Earth light it is a round circle about a .tar orelse with the Sun as it is now I know it is now what it is about, then as with the Earth for there it is tofavor the Earth, then as the world and it is to turn, more over it is for the Earth and well as the Earth ithad a round circle about a star as thou knowest for it is true as the Sun is or it is more over there. TheEarth as it is there as well. About then as well for it is.”
Spoke 11SaesSaSe2AroosorOrORosa“He knoweth if now as a certain blazing star”Spoke 21OleeosOSoleE2ArosaRosaA“The sun as it is a certain blazing star for”Spoke 31OtleeebaraiTeloBeAerai“The Earth well as it was a round circle about a star”
Spoke 41OlioOLiO2Cees ?SeCe3OlaiaLaAiO“As there or if there is there round circle about a star as”Spoke 51otleeaEATelo2eeeetlLeetee
3oeeetleasEteSoleee“It is for the Earth light and it is light the Sun is”Spoke 61BasSab2ASeCeesEEeA3EeotleaTeloEEaEe4OO“In Greek secret mysteries if it is for the Earth and it is to as”
Spoke 71OleobaedOlEABeDo2SaeiSeAi“Or else it is as well whether if a round circle about a star”Spoke 81BaerpeeelabaiaAEbbeLaperi2OO“As it had there as for what”
AcknowledgementsI would like to thank Rene Zandbergen for all the help and informaGon he has provided. I am indebted toThe Beinecke Library for making the Voynich Manuscript available on the internet, to my son Kevin anddaughter Erica for posGng this ArGcle, and my daughter Karen for the ideas and informaGon sheprovided about the Sun and stars, and for ediGng this arGcle.Referencesi hHps://www.leonardodavinci.net/quotes.jspii hHps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristarchus of Samosiii hHps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristarchus of Samosiv lv hHps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galileo Galileivi hHp://www.radiocarbon.org/.vii i t-anagrams/index.phpix hHp://www.pbm.com/ lindahl/florio/
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