UNITED NATIONS-NIPPON FOUNDATION FELLOWSHIP
UNITED NATIONS-NIPPON FOUNDATION FELLOWSHIP PROGRAMME 2012-2013
UNITED NATIONS-NIPPON FOUNDATION FELLOWSHIP PROGRAMME 2012-2013
MARITIME PIRACY AND ARMEDROBBERY AGAINST SHIPS:EXPLORING THE LEGAL ANDOPERATIONAL SOLUTIONS.THE CASE OF MADAGASCARByMr. Jean Edmond RandrianantenainaUNITED NATIONS-NIPPON FOUNDATION FELLOWSHIP PROGRAMME 2012-2013
OUTLINE1. INTRODUCTION2. LEGAL ASPECT OF COMBATING MARITIMEPIRACY AND ARMED ROBBERY AGAINSTSHIPS3. OPERATIONAL ASPECT OF COMBATINGMARITIME PIRACY AND ARMED ROBBERYAGAINST SHIPS4. FURTHER RECOMMENDATION &CONCLUSION5. DISCUSSIONUNITED NATIONS-NIPPON FOUNDATION FELLOWSHIP PROGRAMME 2012-2013
1. INTRODUCTIONTHE DIMENSION OF THETHREATUNITED NATIONS-NIPPON FOUNDATION FELLOWSHIP PROGRAMME 2012-2013
Terminology Maritime piracy Piracy acts asdefined by UNCLOS perpetratedon the high seas or the EEZ Armed Robbery against ships:Acts that are similar to maritimepiracy but are prepetrated in theterritorial sea, the archipelagicwaters, or the internal watersUNITED NATIONS-NIPPON FOUNDATION FELLOWSHIP PROGRAMME 2012-2013
The dimension of the threatfor MadagascarThe type of threats:1. Somali piracy2. Local maritime piracy and armedrobbery against shipsUNITED NATIONS-NIPPON FOUNDATION FELLOWSHIP PROGRAMME 2012-2013
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Madagascar’s neighboringcountriesUNITED NATIONS-NIPPON FOUNDATION FELLOWSHIP PROGRAMME 2012-2013
The dimension of the threatfor Madagascar (Cont.)Source: EUNAVFORUNITED NATIONS-NIPPON FOUNDATION FELLOWSHIP PROGRAMME 2012-2013
The dimension of the threat forMadagascar (Cont.)Mother ship systemUNITED NATIONS-NIPPON FOUNDATION FELLOWSHIP PROGRAMME 2012-2013
The dimension of the threat forMadagascar (Cont.)HighRiskAreaInternationalPortsUNITED NATIONS-NIPPON FOUNDATION FELLOWSHIP PROGRAMME 2012-2013
The dimension of the threat forMadagascar (Cont.)(Sources: IMO GISIS & IMB Report)Other unreported cases existUNITED NATIONS-NIPPON FOUNDATION FELLOWSHIP PROGRAMME 2012-2013
The dimension of the threat forMadagascar (End)DomainSecurityAffected subject/FieldPossible consequencesHuman(Seafarer, fishermen,passengers, etc.)Injury or loss of lifeProperty(Ships)Partial or totaldestructionLoss of propertySovereigntyLoss of law and order inthe maritime spaceMaritime tradeMaritime tourismEconomyFisheriesEnergyOffshore activitiesEnvironmentMarine life andecosystemDisruption of activitiesand supplyIncrease in costLoss of profitLoss of incomePollutionUNITED NATIONS-NIPPON FOUNDATION FELLOWSHIP PROGRAMME 2012-2013
2. THE LEGAL ASPECT OFCOMBATING MARITIMEPIRACY AND ARMEDROBBERY AGAINST SHIPSUNITED NATIONS-NIPPON FOUNDATION FELLOWSHIP PROGRAMME 2012-2013
Approach and Methodology1) Examination of :a) International treaties and instrumentsb) National legislation models of countries in the EastAfrica and Western Indian Ocean regionc) Current Madagascar national legislationConsidered parameters : Definition, Criminalization,Jurisdiction, Judicial process, human rightsissues, and international cooperation2) Proposition of the legislation improvement3) Proposition regarding the judicial capacityUNITED NATIONS-NIPPON FOUNDATION FELLOWSHIP PROGRAMME 2012-2013
Maritime piracy and armed robberyagainst ships under International law Convention on the High Seas (Art. 14 to 23) UNCLOS (Art. 100 to 107, 110 and 111) SUA Convention Organized Crime Convention (OCC) Hostage Convention (HC) Human rights instruments : Universal Declaration of HumanRights (UDHR), International Convenant on Civil and PoliticalRights (ICCPR), Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC),Convention Relating to the Status of the Refugee (CRSR) UN General Assembly & Security Council Resolutions IMO General Assembly ResolutionsUNITED NATIONS-NIPPON FOUNDATION FELLOWSHIP PROGRAMME 2012-2013
Key findings regardinginternational law on the issue International law provides a workable legalframework (Zonal approach vs Generalizedapproach) Key legal elements and standards areprovided for the development of a nationallegislation (Definition, Criminalization,jurisdiction, enforcement measures, judicialprocess and human rights issues,International cooperation) Deficiencies exist but they can be correctedduring the implementation phase in nationallegislationUNITED NATIONS-NIPPON FOUNDATION FELLOWSHIP PROGRAMME 2012-2013
National legislation models inthe region The French legislation The Mauritian legislation The Seychellois legislation The Tanzanian legislation The Kenyan legislationUNITED NATIONS-NIPPON FOUNDATION FELLOWSHIP PROGRAMME 2012-2013
Key findings regarding nationallegislation models Use of UNCLOS, IMO Res. A.1025 (26) and SUA Convention asinternational legal references Adaptation of the definition to the practical context Criminalization of attempt, commission, incitement, participation andfacilitation of piracy and armed robbery at sea acts and a provision ofdeterrent penalty (For example 60 years of imprisonment) Extension of the jurisdiction regarding the competency of nationalcourts to the high seas, EEZ, and territorial sea Designation of the competent authority for the arrest and seizure andtheir rights and duties Adaptation of the judicial process to the context of piracy and armedrobbery at sea case taking into account human right issues and rules ofevidence matters Introduction of provision related to international cooperation especiallyin the area of transfer of suspected pirates and armed robbers at seaUNITED NATIONS-NIPPON FOUNDATION FELLOWSHIP PROGRAMME 2012-2013
Examination of the existing legislationon the issue in Madagascar Maritime Code (Provisions on maritimepiracy) Penal Code Criminal Procedure Code Presidential order concerning theprotection of the child Decrees related to the repression ofmoney launderingUNITED NATIONS-NIPPON FOUNDATION FELLOWSHIP PROGRAMME 2012-2013
Deficiencies in the current nationallegislation Restricted definition Criminalization do not cover the full aspect of piracy andarmed robbery against ships Jurisdiction of courts are no clarified Enforcement measures are not detailed (Right of visit,use of force, arrest, seizure, divertion to the nearestport) Issues regarding the arrest and duration of detention atsea arrangement Rules of evidence issues Inexistence of provisions on international cooperationUNITED NATIONS-NIPPON FOUNDATION FELLOWSHIP PROGRAMME 2012-2013
Proposed areas of amendment Definition: Maritime piracy, armed robbery against ships,maritime violence Criminalization: Attempt, commission, incitement,participation and facilitation of piracy and armed robbery atsea acts, involving minors and use of proceeds of crime Jurisdiction: extension of the court’s territorial competenceto the maritime zones and identification of the competentcourt Clarification of enforcement measures Arrest and detention at sea arrangement Amendment of the rules of evidence: Introduction of videolinked evidence Introduction of international cooperation provisionsUNITED NATIONS-NIPPON FOUNDATION FELLOWSHIP PROGRAMME 2012-2013
Additional measures Capacity development of the judiciarypersonnel: Investigators, prosecutors,judges Establishment of a pool of translators anddefense lawyers Technological infrastructure improvementin courts’room Improvement of prisons’ infrastructure tomeet human rights standardsUNITED NATIONS-NIPPON FOUNDATION FELLOWSHIP PROGRAMME 2012-2013
3. OPERATIONAL ASPECT OFCOMBATING MARITIMEPIRACY AND ARMEDROBBERY AGAINST SHIPSUNITED NATIONS-NIPPON FOUNDATION FELLOWSHIP PROGRAMME 2012-2013
Approach and methodology1. Examination of the internationaland regional operationalinitiatives in the East Africa andWestern Indian Ocean Region2. Assessment of Madagascaroperational response capacity3. Proposition of improvementUNITED NATIONS-NIPPON FOUNDATION FELLOWSHIP PROGRAMME 2012-2013
International and regionaloperational initiatives in the EastAfrica and Western Indian OceanRegionUNITED NATIONS-NIPPON FOUNDATION FELLOWSHIP PROGRAMME 2012-2013
Somali piracy modelSource: Spiegel onlineUNITED NATIONS-NIPPON FOUNDATION FELLOWSHIP PROGRAMME 2012-2013
UNITED NATIONS-NIPPON FOUNDATION FELLOWSHIP PROGRAMME 2012-2013
Anti-piracy and armed robbery againstships’ stakeholders in the region Shipping industry and its partners: Shipowners and operators, private maritimesecurity companies, marine insurancecompanies, seafarers’unions, etc. Multinational naval forces: EUNAVFOR, CTF151, NATO & other independant navalforces International and regional organization: UN,IMO, UNODC, INTERPOL, AU, SADC, IOC Coastal States in the regionUNITED NATIONS-NIPPON FOUNDATION FELLOWSHIP PROGRAMME 2012-2013
Action taken in the region1.-2.-Developing information sharing arrangement to have aMaritime Situational Awareness:Land-based information centres(MSC-HOA,UKMTO, NSC, MARLO,IMB PRC)Recognized Maritime Picture (RMP)MercuryTaking preventive measures:Application of ISPS Code measuresBest management practice or BMP (Preparation, planning, report &SPM)Use of Privately Contracted Armed Security Personnel (PCASP) orVessel Detachment Protection (VDP)International Recomended Transit Coridor (IRTC)Maritime patrol3.Responding to maritime piracy and armed robbery incidents4.Coordinating the action through SHADE and CGPCS5.Promoting regional cooperation & Capacity-building throughthe DCoC, UNODC CPP, INTERPOL counter piracy effortUNITED NATIONS-NIPPON FOUNDATION FELLOWSHIP PROGRAMME 2012-2013
Ship Protection Mesures (SPM)Source: Allianz-PiracyUNITED NATIONS-NIPPON FOUNDATION FELLOWSHIP PROGRAMME 2012-2013
IRTCYEMENWestbound045 E053 EEastboundSOMALIASource: EUNAVFORUNITED NATIONS-NIPPON FOUNDATION FELLOWSHIP PROGRAMME 2012-2013
Multinational naval forces &Private Maritime SecuritiesUNITED NATIONS-NIPPON FOUNDATION FELLOWSHIP PROGRAMME 2012-2013
The case of MadagascarHighRiskAreaInternationalPortsUNITED NATIONS-NIPPON FOUNDATION FELLOWSHIP PROGRAMME 2012-2013
Madagascar current responsecapacity AKNESSESAccess to the DCoCinformation sharing networkInsufficientcapabilities to ensure themonitoring, surveillanceand control of the maritimespace and limited fundingto support maritime patroloperationsLocation of Naval Base andStations in the vicinity ofpiracy and armed robbery atsea prone areaOPPORTUINITIESTHREATSInternational and regionalcounterpiracy and armedrobbery against shipsinitiatives in Eastern Africaand Western Indian OceanregionPolitical crisis inMadagascarExistence of neighboringcountries having acceptablenaval capabilitiesSuspension of thecooperation with and thesupport to Madagascar bythe internationalcommunityUNITED NATIONS-NIPPON FOUNDATION FELLOWSHIP PROGRAMME 2012-2013
Operational recommendations forMadagascar Development of information acquisition and sharing arrangementStrengthening the operational capabilities Coordination of stakeholders’ actions Taking preventative measures: Land-based shoreline patrol, rigourousimplementation of the ISPS Code in ports and onboard ships, facilitatingthe use of PSCAP & VDP, promote the compliance to BMP, maritime patrol Training of the personnel (legislation, operational tactics, hostagenegociation, treatment of suspected offenders, gathering and protection ofevidence) Developing operational procedures regarding counterpiracy and armedrobbery against ships operations (Rules of engagement, Standardoperating procedures for the arrest, seizure and transfer to the judicialauthority) Promoting joint patrol and shiprider arrangement with the naval forces ofthe neighboring countriesUNITED NATIONS-NIPPON FOUNDATION FELLOWSHIP PROGRAMME 2012-2013
4. FURTHERRECOMMENDATION &CONCLUSIONUNITED NATIONS-NIPPON FOUNDATION FELLOWSHIP PROGRAMME 2012-2013
POLITICAL WILL1.ON THE NATIONAL LEVEL:–Commitment to good governance, ocean governanceand rule of law–Commitment to invest in maritime security(Capabilities, capacity-building and funding)–Establishment of a national coordination platform2. ON THE REGIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL LEVEL:–Promotion of cooperation supporting the legal andoperation arrangement–Support of the regional and international communityUNITED NATIONS-NIPPON FOUNDATION FELLOWSHIP PROGRAMME 2012-2013
CONCLUSIONUNITED NATIONS-NIPPON FOUNDATION FELLOWSHIP PROGRAMME 2012-2013
National Response modelLEGISLATION REFORMJUDICIAL CAPACITYGOOD GOVERNANCE,OCEAN GOVERNANCE &RULE OF LAWINVESTMENT IN MARITIMESECURITYNATIONAL , REGIONAL &INTERNATIONALCOOPERATIONINFORMATION SHARING ARRANGMENTCAPABILITIES AND RESOURCESLAND-BASED AND SEA-BASEDPREVENTATIVE MEASURESINCIDENT RESPONSE MEASURESUNITED NATIONS-NIPPON FOUNDATION FELLOWSHIP PROGRAMME 2012-2013
« Pirates are not fish. Theydon’t live in the sea, they livein the cities.» Hirshi, A.THANK YOU FOR YOURATTENTIONUNITED NATIONS-NIPPON FOUNDATION FELLOWSHIP PROGRAMME 2012-2013
MARITIME PIRACY AND ARMEDROBBERY AGAINST SHIPS:EXPLORING THE LEGAL ANDOPERATIONAL SOLUTIONS.THE CASE OF MADAGASCARByMr. Jean Edmond RandrianantenainaUNITED NATIONS-NIPPON FOUNDATION FELLOWSHIP PROGRAMME 2012-2013
UNITED NATIONS-NIPPON FOUNDATION FELLOWSHIP PROGRAMME 2012-2013 Maritime piracy and armed robbery against ships under International law Convention on the High Seas (Art. 14 to 23) UNCLOS (Art. 100 to 107, 110 and 111) SUA Convention Organized Crime Convention (OCC) Hostage Convention (HC)
the growth of the segment, at Nippon India Mutual Fund, the ETF offerings were re-branded as "Nippon India ETFs"to create a distinct identity between passively managed listed products and actively managed offerings. Nippon India ETFs give choice to
Nippon Steel Chemical Co., Ltd. was established in 1956 as an independent subsidiary of Nippon Steel Corporation. In 1984, the company merged with another subsidiary, Nittetsu Chemical Industrial Co., Ltd., becoming the core chemical arm of the Nippon Steel group. This alliance with the world’s
UNFICYP United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus UNIDO United Nations Industrial Development Organization UNIFIL United Nations Interim Force in the Lebanon UNIKOM United Nations Iraq-Kuwait Observation Mission UNMOGIP United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan
UN DKPO United Nations Department of Peacekeeping Operations UNAMID African Union/United Nations Hybrid operation in Darfur UNAMSIL United Nations Mission in Sierra Leone . XIV UNEF 1 United Nations Emergency Force in Egypt UNHCR Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees UNISFA
UN United Nations UNCCD United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification UNCED United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (‘The Earth Summit’, 1992) UN DESD United Nations Decade of Education for Sustainable Development (2005 2014) UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNEP United Nations Environment Programme
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Nippon Steel Corp. v. United States, 458 F. 3d 1345 (Fed. Cir. 2006) (“Nippon VI”). On November 16, 2006, in accordance with the Federal Circuit’s mandate, the CIT ordered the Commission’s second remand determination sustained and its affirmative material injury determination reinstated. Order in Nippon Steel Corp. v. United States,
Nama Mata Kuliah : Akuntansi Keuangan Lanjutan Kode Mata Kuliah : AKM 145001 Semester : 5 (lima) Sks/jam perminggu : 3 SKS/ 6 jam Jurusan/ Program Studi : Jurusan Akuntansi/ DIV Akuntansi Manajemen Dosen Pengampu : 1. Novi Nugrahani, SE., M.Ak., Ak 2. Drs. Bambang Budi Prayitno, M.Si., Ak 3. Marlina Magdalena, S.Pd. MSA Capaian Pembelajaran Lulusan yang dibebankan pada mata kuliah :Setelah .
