Tin- And Chromium-Coated Steel Sheet From Japan, USITC .
Tin- and Chromium-Coated Steel Sheetfrom JapanInvestigation No. 731-TA-860 (Second Review)Publication 4325May 2012U.S. International Trade CommissionWashington, DC 20436
U.S. International Trade CommissionCOMMISSIONERSDeanna Tanner Okun, ChairmanIrving A. Williamson, Vice ChairmanDaniel R. PearsonShara L. AranoffDean A. PinkertDavid S. JohansonRobert B. KoopmanDirector of OperationsStaff assignedKaren Taylor, InvestigatorKaren Taylor, Industry AnalystAmelia Preece, EconomitCharles Yost, AccountantPatrick Gallagher, AttorneyDouglas Corkran, Supervisory InvestigatorSteven K. Hudgens, Senior StatisticianSpecial assistance fromMara Alexander, StatisticianLita David-Harris, StatisticianCarolyn Holmes, Statistical AssistantDarren Sheets, International EconomistDarlene Smith, Statistical AssistantAddress all communications toSecretary to the CommissionUnited States International Trade CommissionWashington, DC 20436
U.S. International Trade CommissionWashington, DC 20436www.usitc.govTin- and Chromium-Coated Steel Sheetfrom JapanInvestigation No. 731-TA-860 (Second Review)Publication 4325May 2012
CONTENTSPageDetermination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1Views of the Commission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Part I: Introduction and overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .I-1Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .I-1The original investigation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I-3Subsequent proceedings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I-3First five-year review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I-5Summary data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I-5Related investigation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I-9Statutory criteria and organization of the report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I-10Statutory criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I-10Organization of the report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I-11Commerce’s reviews . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I-12Administrative reviews . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I-12Changed circumstances reviews . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I-12Five-year reviews . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I-13The subject merchandise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I-14Commerce’s scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I-14Tariff treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I-14The product . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I-14Description and applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I-14Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I-15Manufacturing processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I-16Domestic like product issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I-18U.S. market participants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I-19U.S. producers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I-19U.S. importers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I-21U.S. purchasers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I-22Apparent U.S. consumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I-23U.S. market shares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I-25i
CONTENTSPagePart II: Conditions of competition in the U.S. market . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .U.S. market characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Channels of distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Geographic distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Supply and demand considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .U.S. supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .U.S. demand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Substitutability issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Knowledge of country sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Factors affecting purchasing decisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Comparisons of domestic products, subject imports, and nonsubject imports . . . . . . . . . . . .Elasticity estimates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .U.S. supply elasticity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .U.S. demand elasticity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Substitution elasticity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I-19II-19II-19II-19Part III: Condition of the U.S. industry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . III-1Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . III-1General steel capacity issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . III-2U.S. capacity, production, and capacity utilization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . III-4U.S. producers’ shipments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . III-4U.S. producers’ inventories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . III-5U.S. producers’ imports and purchases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . III-6U.S. employment, wages, and productivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . III-6Financial experience of U.S. producers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . III-7Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . III-7Operations on TCCSS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . III-7Variance analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . III-12Assets and return on investment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . III-13Capital expenditures and research and development expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . III-14ii
CONTENTSPagePart IV: U.S. imports and the foreign industry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IV-1U.S. imports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IV-1Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IV-1Imports from subject and nonsubject countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IV-1U.S. importers’ imports subsequent to December 31, 2011 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IV-5U.S. importers’ inventories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IV-5The industry in Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IV-6Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IV-6General steel capacity issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IV-7TCCSS operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IV-8Japan’s global exports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IV-11Global market . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IV-12Production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IV-12Consumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IV-13Imports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IV-14Prices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IV-17Part V: Pricing and related information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Factors affecting prices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Raw material costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .U.S. inland transportation costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Transportation costs to the United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Exchange rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Pricing practices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Pricing methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Contract details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Sales terms and discounts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Price leadership . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Price data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Price trends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Price comparisons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xesA.B.C.D.E.Federal Register notices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Hearing witnesses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Summary table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Excluded forms of tin mill products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Responses of U.S. producers, U.S. importers, U.S. purchasers, and foreign producersconcerning the significance of the antidumping duty order and the likely effects ofrevocation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-1B-1C-1D-1E-1Note.–Information that would reveal confidential operations of individual concerns may not be publishedand therefore has been deleted from this report. Such deletions are indicated by asterisks.iii
UNITED STATES INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSIONInvestigation No. 731-TA-860 (Second Review)TIN- AND CHROMIUM-COATED STEEL SHEET FROM JAPANDETERMINATIONOn the basis of the record1 developed in the subject five-year review, the United StatesInternational Trade Commission (Commission) determines, pursuant to section 751(c) of the Tariff Act of1930 (19 U.S.C. ' 1675(c)), that revocation of the antidumping duty order on tin- and chromium-coatedsteel sheet from Japan would be likely to lead to continuation or recurrence of material injury to an industryin the United States within a reasonably foreseeable time.BACKGROUNDThe Commission instituted this review on June 1, 2011 (76 F.R. 31633) and determined onSeptember 6, 2012, that it would conduct a full review (76 F.R. 58536, September 21, 2011). Notice of thescheduling of the Commission s review and of a public hearing to be held in connection therewith wasgiven by posting copies of the notice in the Office of the Secretary, U.S. International Trade Commission,Washington, DC, and by publishing the notice in the Federal Register on December 9, 2011 (76 F.R.77013). The hearing was held in Washington, DC, on April 11, 2012, and all persons who requested theopportunity were permitted to appear in person or by counsel.1The record is defined in sec. 207.2(f) of the Commission s Rules of Practice and Procedure (19 CFR ' 207.2(f)).
VIEWS OF THE COMMISSIONBased on the record in this five-year review, we determine under section 751(c) of the Tariff Actof 1930, as amended (“the Act”), that revocation of the antidumping duty order on tin- and chromiumcoated steel sheet (“TCCSS”) from Japan would be likely to lead to continuation or recurrence of materialinjury to an industry in the United States within a reasonably foreseeable time.I.BACKGROUNDIn August 2000, the Commission completed its original investigation of tin- and chromiumcoated steel sheet from Japan and determined that an industry in the United States was materially injuredby reason of less than fair value (“LTFV”) subject imports.1 The U.S. Department of Commerce(“Commerce”) issued an antidumping duty order on the subject merchandise on August 28, 2000.2On July 1, 2005, the Commission instituted a five-year review to determine whether revocation ofthe antidumping duty order on TCCSS from Japan would likely lead to continuation or recurrence ofmaterial injury to an industry in the United states in a reasonably foreseeable time.3 The Commissionreceived five substantive responses to its notice of institution. On October 4, 2005, the Commission1Tin- and Chromium-Coated Steel Sheet from Japan, Inv. No. 731-TA-860 (Final), USITC Pub. 3337 (August2000) (“Original Determination”). Chairman Koplan and Commissioner Askey dissented.265 Fed. Reg. 52067 (August 28, 2000). In subsequent remand proceedings ordered by the U.S. Court ofInternational Trade (“CIT”) and the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit (“Federal Circuit”), theCommission ultimately reached an affirmative determination. Respondents Nippon Steel Corp., NKK Corp.,Kawasaki Steel Corp. and Toyo Kohan Co., Ltd., Japanese producers of the subject merchandise, appealed theCommission’s affirmative determination to the CIT. On December 31, 2001, the CIT remanded the case to theCommission. Nippon Steel Corp. v. United States, 182 F. Supp. 2d 1330 (Ct. Int’l Trade 2001) (“Nippon I”). In thefirst remand, the Commission made an affirmative determination. Tin- and Chromium-Coated Steel Sheet fromJapan, Inv. No. 731-TA-860 (Remand), USITC Pub. 3493 (March 2002). On August 9, 2002, the CIT remanded thecase to the Commission for a second time and expressly ordered the Commission to enter a negative determination.Nippon Steel Corp. v. United States, 223 F. Supp.2d 1349, 1372 (Ct. Int’l Trade 2002) (“Nippon II”). TheCommission appealed the CIT’s judgment. On October 3, 2002, the Federal Circuit vacated the CIT’s decision inNippon II and ordered a remand to the Commission. Nippon Steel Corp. v. International Trade Comm’n, 345 F.3d1379 (Fed. Cir. 2003) (“Nippon III”). In its second remand determination, the Commission again made anaffirmative injury determination. Tin- and Chromium-Coated Steel Sheet from Japan (Views on Remand), Inv. No.731-TA-860 (Final) (Second Remand), USITC Pub. 3674 (February 2004). On October 14, 2004, the CIT affirmedsome aspects of the Commission’s decision, but rejected others, and issued a remand with instructions to issue anegative material injury determination. Nippon Steel Corp. v. United States, 350 F. Supp. 2d 1186 (Ct. Int’l Trade2004) (“Nippon IV”). On December 13, 2004, the Commission issued its third remand determination, makingnegative injury and threat determinations, and noting that it would not have made such determinations in the absenceof the CIT’s order. Tin- and Chromium-Coated Steel Sheet from Japan (Views on Remand), Inv. No. 731-TA-860(Final) (Third Remand), USITC Pub. 3751 (December 2004). On March 25, 2005, the CIT affirmed the negativedeterminations. Nippon Steel Corp. v. United States, Court No. 09-00479, Slip Op. 2005-038 (Ct. Int’l Trade 2005)(“Nippon V”). The Commission again appealed the CIT’s judgment to the Federal Circuit. On August 10, 2006, theFederal Circuit reversed the CIT’s decision, instructed the CIT to vacate the Commission’s negative injury and threatdeterminations, and dire
Nippon Steel Corp. v. United States, 458 F. 3d 1345 (Fed. Cir. 2006) (“Nippon VI”). On November 16, 2006, in accordance with the Federal Circuit’s mandate, the CIT ordered the Commission’s second remand determination sustained and its affirmative material injury determination reinstated. Order in Nippon Steel Corp. v. United States,
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CRC Chromium - All/Total (includes Chromium (VI) categories, metal and others) Y Y 0.1 CRC-Other Chromium Unlisted Compounds - Specify Compound (Component of CRC) 0.1 10049055 Chromium chloride (II) (Component of CRC) Y Y 0.1 12018018 Chromium dioxide (IV) (Component of CRC) Y Y Y 0.01 1308141 Chromium h
DIV, OID, PATR, and MISC). Interactive TIN Matching - can match up to 25 payee TIN and name combinations. Bulk TIN Matching - to match up to 100,000 TIN and name combinations. Benefits of TIN Matching. 49 Using the Central Contractor Registry (CCR) for TIN Matching:
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How Tin Cans Helped Win the War The lowly tin can, or more properly the steel can with a tin lining has never invoked much respect. But during World War II, it was considered a valuable raw material for the war effort. (Recycle Coach) The tin can was created out of another wartime necessity 150 years prior to 1945. France was fighting
Recovery and Grade of Tin Ore: Case Study in Toboali Washing Plant PT Timah Tbk Bangka 174 3. Discussion From the results of the study of testing and experimentation to increase the recovery of tin ore from the washing residue, it is obtained as follows: 3.1 Tin Ore Characterization Analysis The physical characteristics of tin ore as a result of
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kadar asam folat di bawah normal, yaitu folat serum 3 ng/ml dan folat eritrosit 130 ng/mL (Mayes, 2007). Defisiensi folat ini dapat terjadi karena akibat langsung dari kurangnya konsumsi .
