COMMON MAINTENANCE TOOLS AND THEIR USES
CHAPTER 1COMMON MAINTENANCE TOOLS AND THEIR USESTools are designed to make a job easier and enableyou to work more efficiently. If they are not properlyused and cared for, their advantages are lost to you.toolbox is not actually at the work site, it should belocked and stored in a designated area.Regardless of the type of work to be done, you musthave, choose, and use the correct tools in order to doyour work quickly, accurately, and safely. Without theproper tools and the knowledge of how to use them, youwaste time, reduce your efficiency, and may even injureyourself.NOTEAn inventory list is kept in every toolbox tobe checked before and after each job ormaintenance action, to ensure that all tools areavailable to do your work, and to ensure thatthey are accounted for after you havecompleted your work.This chapter explains the specific purposes, correctuse, and proper care of the more common tools you willencounter as an ABE. Also discussed briefly are otheraids to maintenance, such as blueprints and schematics.USE EACH TOOL ONLY FOR THE JOB IT WASDESIGNED TO DO. Each particular type of tool has aspecific purpose. If you use the wrong tool whenperforming maintenance or repairs, you may causedamage to the equipment you're working on or damagethe tool itself. Remember, improper use of tools resultsin improper maintenance. Improper maintenanceresults in damage to equipment and possible injury ordeath to you or others.TOOL WORK HABITSLEARNING OBJECTIVES: Describe theTool Control Program. List several good toolwork habits."A place for everything and everything in its place"is just good common sense. You can't do an efficientrepair job if you have to stop and look around for eachtool you need. The following rules will make your jobeasier and safer.SAFE MAINTENANCE PRACTICES. Alwaysavoid placing tools on or above machinery or anelectrical apparatus. Never leave tools unattendedwhere machinery or aircraft engines are running.NEVER USE DAMAGED TOOLS. A batteredscrewdriver may slip and spoil the screw slot, damageother parts, or cause painful injury. A gauge strainedout of shape will result in inaccurate measurements.KEEP EACH TOOL IN ITS PROPER STOWAGEPLACE. All V-2 divisions have incorporated a ToolControl Program as directed by the Aircraft Launchand Recovery Equipment Maintenance Program(ALREMP).Remember, the efficiency of craftsmen and thetools they use are determined to a great extent by theway they keep their tools. Likewise, they are frequentlyjudged by the manner in which they handle and care forthem. Anyone watching skilled craftsmen at worknotices the care and precision with which they use thetools of their trade.The Tool Control Program is based on the conceptof a family of specialized toolboxes and pouchesconfigured for instant inventory before and after eachmaintenance action. The content and configuration ofeach container is tailored to the task, work center, andequipment maintained. Work center containers areassigned to and maintained within a work center. Otherboxes and specialized tools are checked out from thetool control center (tool room).The care of hand tools should follow the samepattern as for personal articles; that is, always keephand tools clean and free from dirt, grease, and foreignmatter. After use, return tools promptly to their properplace in the toolbox. Improve your own efficiency byorganizing your tools so that those used mostfrequently can be reached easily without diggingthrough the entire contents of the box. Avoidaccumulating unnecessary junk.KEEP YOUR TOOLS IN GOOD CONDITION.Protect them from rust, nicks, burrs, and breakage.KEEP YOUR TOOL ALLOWANCE COMPLETE. When you are issued a toolbox, each toolshould be placed in it when not in use. When the1-1
Other safety shoes are designed for use wheredanger from sparking could cause an explosion. Suchdanger is minimized by elimination of all metallic nailsand eyelets and by the use of soles that do not causestatic electricity.REVIEW QUESTIONSQ1.Describe the Tool Control Program.Q2.List several good tool work habits.Q3.What are inspection mirrors used for?GOGGLESCARE OF HAND TOOLSProper eye protection is of the utmost importancefor all personnel. Eye protection is necessary becauseof hazards posed by infrared and ultraviolet radiation,or by flying objects such as sparks, globules of moltenmetal, or chipped concrete and wood. These hazardsare ever-present during welding, cutting, soldering,chipping, grinding, and a variety of other operations. Itis IMPERATIVE for you to use eye protection devices,such as helmets, face shields, and goggles (fig. 1-1),during eye-hazard operations.LEARNING OBJECTIVES: List severalprinciples that apply to the care of hand tools.Tools are expensive; tools are vital equipment.When the need for their use arises, common sense plusa little preventive maintenance prolongs theirusefulness. The following precautions for the care oftools should be observed: Clean tools after each use. Oily, dirty, and greasytools are slippery and dangerous to use. NEVER leave tools scattered about. When theyare not in use, stow them neatly on racks or intoolboxes.Appropriate use of goggles will limit eye hazards.Some goggles have plastic lenses that resist shatteringupon impact. Others are designed to limit harmfulinfrared and ultraviolet radiation from arcs or flames byuse of appropriate filter lenses. Apply a light film of oil after cleaning to preventrust on tools.Remember, eye damage can be excruciatinglypainful. PROTECT YOUR EYES. INVENTORY tools after use to prevent loss.GLOVES NEVER hammer with a wrench.Use gloves whenever you are required to handlerough, scaly, or splintery objects. Special flameproofgloves are designed for gas and electric-arc welding tolimit danger and damage from sparks and other hotflying objects (fig. 1-2). Personnel in the electricalfields are usually required to wear insulating rubbergloves.REVIEW QUESTIONQ4.List several principles that apply to the careof hand tools.PERSONAL SAFETY EQUIPMENTLEARNING OBJECTIVES: Identify thetypes of personal safety equipment.Be sure to follow all regulations prescribed for theuse of gloves. Gloves must not be worn around rotatingmachinery unless sharp or rough material is beinghandled. If such is the case, EXTREME CARESHOULD BE EXERCISED to prevent the gloves frombeing caught in the machinery.To protect you from danger, protective equipmentsuch as safety shoes, goggles, hard hats, and gloves areissued. The use of this equipment is mandatory oncertain jobs. Their use is a MUST, and there is noquestion about that. Be sure to USE THEM on any jobWHERE they are REQUIRED. They can protect youfrom a lot of harm.SAFETY BELTS AND STRAPSThe safety strap and body belt shown in figure 1-3are what might be called your extra hands when youwork aloft. The body belt, strapped around your waist,contains various pockets for small tools. The safetystrap is a leather or neoprene-impregnated nylon beltwith a tongue-type buckle at each end. While you areclimbing you will have the safety strap hanging by bothends from the left ring (called a D-ring because of itsSAFETY SHOESSome safety shoes are designed to limit damage toyour toes from falling objects. A steel plate is placed inthe toe area of such shoes so that your toes are notcrushed if an object impacts there.1-2
Figure 1-1.—Eye-protection devices.be placed around any part of a structure that is beingremoved.shape) on the body belt. When you are at workingposition, you unsnap one end of the safety strap, pass itaround the supporting structure so there is no danger ofits slipping (at least 18 inches from the top of the part onwhich it is fastened), and hook it to the right D-ring onthe body belt.Before placing your weight on the strap, determineVISUALLY that the snap and D-ring are properlyengaged. Do not rely on the click of the snap-tongue asan indication that the fastening is secure.The safety strap must be placed around a part of thestructure that is of sufficient strength to sustain an ABsweight and his or her equipment, and must rest flatagainst the surface without twists or turns. It must notThe body belt and safety strap require inspectionbefore use. Look for loose or broken rivets; cracks,cuts, nicks, tears or wear in leather; broken or otherwisedefective buckles, such as enlarged tongue-holes,defects in safety-belt snap hooks and body belt D-rings.If you discover any of these or other defects, turn inyour equipment and replace it.Perform maintenance periodically according toapplicable procedures. Remember that leather andnylon belts are treated in different manners.Figure 1-2.—Gas and electric-arc welding gloves.Figure 1-3.—Safety equipment.1-3
The title block also includes the name and addressof the Government agency or organization preparingthe drawing, the scale, drafting record, authentication,and the date (fig. 1-4).REVIEW QUESTIONQ5.Identify the different types of personal safetyequipment.A space within the title block with a diagonal orslant line drawn across it indicates that the informationusually placed in it is not required or is given elsewhereon the drawing.MAINTENANCE AIDSLEARNING OBJECTIVES: Read andinterpret blueprints, drawings, diagrams, andother maintenance aids.Revision BlockAs an ABE you will be required to read blueprintsand drawings during the performance of manymaintenance actions required to maintain theoperational readiness of the catapults and the arrestinggear engines. As you advance in rating you may also berequired to make sketches and drawings, which willassist you in the training of less-experiencedmaintenance personnel by making it possible for themto visualize the system or object you are explaining.The revision block (not shown) is usually located inthe upper right corner of the blueprint and is used forthe recording of changes (revisions) to the print. Allrevisions are noted in this block and are dated andidentified by a letter and a brief description of therevision. A revised drawing is shown by the addition ofa letter to the original number in the title block, asshown in figure 1-4, view A. If the print shown in figure1-4, view A, was again revised, the letter in the revisionblock of the title block would be replaced by theletter B.BLUEPRINTS AND DRAWINGSBlueprints are exact copies of mechanical or othertypes of drawings and employ a language of their own.It is a form of sign language or shorthand that useslines, graphic symbols, dimensions, and notations toaccurately describe the form size, kind of material,finish, and construction of an object. It can be said thatblueprint reading is largely a matter of translating theselines and symbols into terms of procedure, materials,and other details needed to repair, maintain, or fabricatethe object described on the print.Drawing NumberAll blueprints are identified by a drawing number(NAVSHIP Systems Command No. in view A of fig.1-4, and FEC Drawing No. in view B), which appears ina block in the lower right corner of the title block. Itmay be shown in other places also; for example, nearthe top border line in an upper corner, or on the reverseside at both ends so that it will be visible when adrawing is rolled up. If a blueprint has more than onesheet, this information is included in the blockindicating the sheet number and the number of sheets inthe series. For example, note that in the title blocksshown in figure 1-4 the blueprint is sheet 1 of 1.Usually you can look at a blueprint and recognizethe object if you are familiar with the actual part. Butwhen you are required to make or check on a certainpart, the applicable blueprint must be referred to inorder to get dimensions and other pertinentinformation. The important thing is to know what thedifferent symbols stand for and where to look for theimportant information on a blueprint. Some of theimportant facts listed on all blueprints are discussed inthe following paragraphs.Reference NumbersReference numbers that appear in the title blockrefer to numbers of other blueprints. When more thanone detail is shown on a drawing, a dash and a numberare frequently used. For example, if two parts areshown in one detail drawing, both prints would have thesame drawing number, plus a dash and an individualnumber, such as 8117041-1 and 8117041-2.Title BlockThe title block is located in the lower right corner ofall blueprints and drawings prepared according tomilitary standards. The block contains the drawingnumber, the name of the part or assembly that theblueprint represents, and all information required toidentify the part or assembly.In addition to appearing in the title block, the dashand number may appear on the face of the drawings,near the parts they identify. Some commercial printsshow the drawing and dash number, and point with aleader line to the part; others use a circle, 3/8 inch in1-4
Figure 1-4.—Blueprint title blocks. (A) Naval Ship's Systems Command; (B) Naval Facilities Engineering Command.Drawing Linesdiameter, around the dash number, and carry a leaderline to the part.The lines used in working drawings are more than ameans of showing a picture of an object for the purposeof building or repairing. The way a line is drawn has adefinite meaning.A dash and number are used to identify modified orimproved parts, and also to identify right-hand andleft-hand parts. Many aircraft parts on the left-hand sideof an aircraft are exactly like the corresponding parts onthe right-hand side but in reverse. The left-hand partsare usually shown in the drawing.Thick lines are used for the visible outline of theobject being drawn. Medium lines are used for thedotted lines representing hidden features and rnate-position lines. Center lines, dimension lines,long-break lines, ditto lines, extension lines, andsection lines are represented by thin lines.Above the title block on some prints you may see anotation such as "159674 LH shown; 159674-1 RHopposite." Both parts carry the same number. But thepart called for is distinguished by a dash and number.(LH means left-hand, and RH means right-hand.) Somecompanies use odd numbers for right-hand parts andeven numbers for left-hand parts.To understand blueprint reading, you must knowthe different types of lines used in general drawingpractice and the information conveyed by each. Someof the lines of major importance are illustrated in1-5
of blueprint shows the position, location, and use of thevarious parts of the ship; for example, to find thebattlestations sickbay, barbershop, or other parts of theship. In addition to plan views, other blueprints, calledassembly prints, unit or subassembly prints, and detailprints, show various kinds of machinery andmechanical equipment.figures 1-5-A and 1-5-B. The correct uses areillustrated in figure 1-6.Blueprints make it possible to understand, in acomparatively small space, what is to be made orrepaired. Of the many types of blueprints you will useaboard ship, the simplest one is the plan view. This typeFigure 1-5-A.—Standard lines.1-6
Figure 1-5-B.—Standard lines—continued.with its dimensions and all the information needed tomake a new part as a replacement. Assembly andsubassembly prints may be used to learn operation andmaintenance of machines, systems, and equipment.Assembly prints show the various parts of themechanism, how the parts fit together, and their relationto each other. Subassembly prints show the location,shape, size, and relationships of the parts of thesubassembly or unit. Detail prints show a single part1-7
PHANTOM LINECENTER LINEEXTENSION LINEDIMENSION LINELEADER LINEASECTIONING LINEBREAK LINEOUTLINEASECTION - AAHIDDEN LINECUTTING PLANE LINEABEf0175Figure 1-6.—Use of standard lines.MICROFILM/APERTURE CARDSElectricalMany prints and drawings are procured in the formof 16- and 35-mm microfilm. Microfilm prints anddrawings are available mounted on aperture (viewer)cards, as well as in roll form. A reader or some type ofprojector is required to enlarge the microfilm forreading. Activities are provided with a microfilmreader-printer, which as its name implies, enlarges themicrofilm for reading and also has the capability ofprinting a working copy in a matter of a few seconds.Schematic diagrams are also used to depictelectrical systems. They are basically the same as theCOOLING PANEL98710PMicrofilm greatly reduces the size of otherwisebulky files, which is very important aboard ship.PM.C.653SCHEMATIC DIAGRAMSSchematic diagrams show by means of single linesand symbols how the parts of a system are connectedfor the operation of the g diagrams are normally used to trace pipingsystems and their functions without actually describingthe shape, size, or location of the components or parts.Each component is represented by a symbol; and oncethese symbols are learned, the piping schematicdiagram is easy to read.1FIREMAIN1.2.3.4.5.Figure 1-7 is a good example of a piping diagram.As may be seen from this example, diagrams do notindicate the location of individual components withinthe station, but do locate the components with respectto each other within the system.6.Cutout valve.7.Reducing valveThrottling valve. 8.9.Relief valve.10.Test gauge.ABEf0176Hytrol valve.Pilot valve.Inlet lines.Discharge lines.Pressure gage.11. Orifice.12. Scuppervalve.13. Hosevalves.Figure 1-7.—Typical piping schematic for saltwater cooling.1-8
piping diagrams except they use electrical symbolsinstead of piping symbols. Figure 1-8 is an example ofan electrical system schematic.Schematic diagrams are especially helpful whenyou are learning a hydraulic system or pinpointing amalfunction in an electrical system. For moreinformation on diagrams, drawings, and blueprints, andtheir interpretation, study Blueprint Reading andSketching, NAVEDTRA 12014.BL15GGRRTSRSW#3HIGHTSRB125B124LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Identify thedifferent types of metal-cutting tools. Describethe uses of different types of cutting tools.Many types of metal-cutting tools are used byskilled mechanics of all ratings. As you become betteracquainted with the ABE rating, you will probablydiscover many tools that you use for cutting metal thatare not described in this text. In this text, only the basichand metal-cutting tools will be considered.MSW#1 SW#2HIGH LOWB120TSRMETAL-CUTTING TOOLSB131B122B126S3HIGH LOWHIGHB126B129BB TSRBAL8 BAL4B121BL2B127TSRB108B107LS2TSRB111B106BAL11 BAL10B113B110B109PS1ROne of the handiest tools for cutting light (up to1/16-inch thick) sheet metal is the hand snip (tip snips).The STRAIGHT HAND SNIPS, shown in figure R1LS3B101S1115 VOLTS, 60 L5WBAL1TSRBAL7GSnips and shears are used for cutting sheet metaland steel of various thickness and shapes. Normally, theheavier or thicker materials are cut by shears.B112GBAL3SNIPS AND SHEARSB114RWhere is the title block located on allblueprints and drawings prepared to militarystandards?B123SW#4LOWB130S4LOWQ6.BAL12 BAL14 BAL13 BAL15BAL15BL21BL1ABEf0177BL2BL26TSRCR2P1BL25REVIEW QUESTIONFigure 1-8.—Electrical system schematic.Figure 1-9.—Metal snips.1-9
have blades that are straight and cutting edges that aresharpened to an 85-degree angle. Snips like this can beobtained in different sizes, ranging from the small,6-inch, to the large, 14-inch, snip. Tin snips will alsowork on slightly heavier gauges of soft metals, such asaluminum alloys.Snips will not remove any metal when a cut ismade. There is danger, though, of causing minute metalfractures along the edges of the metal during theshearing process. For this reason, it is better to cut justoutside the layout line. This procedure will allow you todress the cutting edge while keeping the material withinrequired dimensions.Figure 1-10.—Cutting an inside hole with snips.Cutting extremely heavy gauge metal alwayspresents the possibility of springing
CHAPTER 1 COMMON MAINTENANCE TOOLS AND THEIR USES Tools are designed to make a job easier and enable you to work more efficiently. If they are not properly
Pro Tools 9.0 provides a single, unified installer for Pro Tools and Pro Tools HD. Pro Tools 9.0 is supported on the following types of systems: Pro Tools HD These systems include Pro Tools HD software with Pro Tools HD or Pro Tools HD Native hard-ware. Pro Tools These systems include Pro Tools software with 003 or Digi 002 family audio .
1. Describe common turf maintenance equipment and its use. 2. Explain common landscape installation and maintenance tools and equipment. 3. Discuss the proper maintenance of power tools and equipment. New Mexico Horticulture Lesson Plan Library Unit C. Problem Area 6. Lesson 2. Page 1.
and might include day-to -day maintenance work, and the purchase of maintenance stock. "Scheduled Maintenance Services" includes all routine maintenance functions per timelines as agreed upon and documented in the SOP. "Unscheduled Maintenance and Repair Services" includes minor maintenance and repair services which are not pre-identified.
Access to Owner’s Manuals and Maintenance Guides View Your Vehicle’s Service History Explore How-to videos and more MAINTENANCE INFORMATION INTRODUCTION The Importance of Scheduled Maintenance 36 Maintaining Your Warranty 37 MAINTENANCE LOG Using the Maintenance Log Charts 38 Maintenance Log 40 Explanation of Maintenance Items 56
MAINTENANCE MIRACLE AN AUTONOMOUS MAINTENANCE KAIZEN EVENT. Stop Equipment Deterioration AM. and Improve Uptime in 3 steps! PROGRAM DESCRIPTION. Autonomous Maintenance is the foundational pillar of a Total Productive Maintenance program and arguably one of the most important efforts in . the transition from reactive to proactive maintenance.
Automation test script is repeatable Proficiency is required to write the automation test scripts. A. Automation Tools Categories Software testing automation tools can be divided into different categories as follows: Unit Testing Tools, Functional Testing Tools, Code Coverage Tools, Test Management Tools, and Performance Testing Tools.
to how maintenance can be performed to ensure equipment reaches or exceeds its design life have been developed in the United States. In addition to waiting for a piece of equipment to fail (reactive maintenance), we can utilize preventive maintenance, predictive maintenance, or reliability centered . maintenance. 5.2 Reactive Maintenance
Andreas Werner The Mermin-Wagner Theorem. How symmetry breaking occurs in principle Actors Proof of the Mermin-Wagner Theorem Discussion The Bogoliubov inequality The Mermin-Wagner Theorem 2 The linearity follows directly from the linearity of the matrix element 3 It is also obvious that (A;A) 0 4 From A 0 it naturally follows that (A;A) 0. The converse is not necessarily true In .
