RTD, Precision Resistance Temperature Detector, General .
PRECISION INSTRUMENTS FOR TEST AND MEASUREMENT RTD SeriesPrecision ResistanceTemperature Detector (RTD)SimulatorUser and Service ManualCopyright 2014 IET Labs, Inc.Visit www.ietlabs.com for manual revision updatesRTD Series-im November 2014IET LABS, INC.www.ietlabs.comEmail: info@ietlabs.comTEL: (516) 334-5959 FAX: (516) 334-5988
PRECISION INSTRUMENTS FOR TEST AND MEASUREMENT IET LABS, INC.www.ietlabs.comEmail: info@ietlabs.comTEL: (516) 334-5959 FAX: (516) 334-5988
WARRANTYWe warrant that this product is free from defects in material and workmanship and, when properly used,will perform in accordance with applicable IET specifications. If within one year after original shipment,it is found not to meet this standard, it will be repaired or, at the option of IET, replaced at no charge whenreturned to IET. Changes in this product not approved by IET or application of voltages or currents greaterthan those allowed by the specifications shall void this warranty. IET shall not be liable for any indirect,special, or consequential damages, even if notice has been given to the possibility of such damages.THIS WARRANTY IS IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED,INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO, ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY ORFITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE.i
WARNINGOBSERVE ALL SAFETY RULESWHEN WORKING WITH HIGH VOLTAGES OR LINE VOLTAGES.Dangerous voltages may be present inside this instrument. Do not open the caseRefer servicing to qualified personnelHIGH VOLTAGES MAY BE PRESENT AT THE TERMINALS OF THIS INSTRUMENTWHENEVER HAZARDOUS VOLTAGES ( 45 V) ARE USED, TAKE ALL MEASURES TOAVOID ACCIDENTAL CONTACT WITH ANY LIVE COMPONENTS.USE MAXIMUM INSULATION AND MINIMIZE THE USE OF BARECONDUCTORS WHEN USING THIS INSTRUMENT.Use extreme caution when working with bare conductors or bus bars.WHEN WORKING WITH HIGH VOLTAGES, POST WARNING SIGNS ANDKEEP UNREQUIRED PERSONNEL SAFELY AWAY.CAUTIONDO NOT APPLY ANY VOLTAGES OR CURRENTS TO THE TERMINALS OF THISINSTRUMENT IN EXCESS OF THE MAXIMUM LIMITS INDICATED ONTHE FRONT PANEL OR THE OPERATING GUIDE LABEL.ii
ContentsChapter 1 Introduction .11.1Introduction . 1Chapter 2 Specifications .2Specifications . 2Chapter 3 Installation .63.1Initial Inspection . 63.2Installation. 63.3Repackaging for Shipment . 63.4Storage . 6Chapter 4 Operation .74.1Initial Inspection and Setup . 74.2Connection . 74.2.14.3General Considerations . 7Electrical Considerations . 74.3.1 Thermal emf Considerations. 74.4Dial Setting . 84.5Power Considerations . 84.6Environmental Conditions . 84.7Switch Conditioning . 84.8Meter Shunt Applications . 94.9Kelvin Bridge Applications. 9Chapter 5 Maintenance.115.1Maintainability and Reliability . 115.2Preventive Maintenance . 115.3Calibration. 115.3.1Calibration Interval . 115.3.2General Considerations . 125.3.3Required Equipment . 125.3.4Calibration Procedure . 125.4 Adjustments. 135.4.1 Adjustment Considerations . 135.4.2 Adjustment/Trimming Procedure . 145.5Replaceable Parts List . 15iii
Figures and TablesFigure 1-1: RTD Series Resistance Substituter .1Figure 2-1: Typical Operating Guide Affixed to Unit.4Figure 4-1: Kelvin Bridge Connections .9Table 5-1: Trimming Potentiometers .16Figure 5-1: Typical Trimmer Board .16Table 5-2: Replaceable Parts List .17Figure 5-2: RTD Series Replaceable Parts .17iv
RTD SeriesChapter 1INTRODUCTION1.1IntroductionThe RTD Series Precision RTD (ResistanceTemperature Detector) Simulator provides a verybroad-range of absolute resistance values that replaceRTD’s,thermocouples. Thermocouples present a resistance that depends on the temperature. The RTDsimulator effectively replaces an RTD to test, analyze,and calibrate RTD measuring systems.The RTD Series simulator is a precision resistancesource with excellent characteristics of accuracy,stability, temperature coefficient, and power coefficient. All these features serve to make it a laboratoryresistance standard, exceeded in performance only bystand-alone standard resistors. The special design ofthe RTD Series provides absolute accuracy, and requires no zero resistance subtraction from any setting.within the instrument, as well as the solder employed,contain no metals or junctions that contribute to thermal emf problems.The RTD Series is designed to allow very convenientmaintenance of calibration over time. The decadesfor the 0.001 Ω through 0.1 Ω steps are adjusted withconvenient potentiometers. Trimming of the higherdecades is also possible.With a resolution as low as 1 mΩ and a maximumavailable resistance of over 1111.11 Ω, the RTDSeries may be employed for exacting precision measurement applications requiring high accuracy andstability. They can be used as components of dc andlow frequency ac bridges, for calibration, and as wellas RTD simulators.Wirewound resistors are used for 1 Ω steps and over.The wirewound resistors exhibit stability of betterthan 10 ppm/year, improving as they age. The lowresistance resistors are constructed with resistancewire. There is a minimum of copper resistance inseries to limit temperature coefficient effects.The RTD Series employs completely enclosed dusttight very low contact resistance switches. Theyfeature solid silver alloy contacts and quadruple-leafsilver alloy wipers which keep switch contact resistance to under 1 mΩ per decade, and more importantly, keep switch contact resistance reproducible,insuring repeatable instrument performance.Figure 1-1: RTD Series Precision RTDSimulatorHigh-quality, low resistance, heavy duty gold-platedtellurium-copper binding posts minimize the thermalemf effects which would artificially reflect a changein dc resistance measurements. All other conductorsIntroduction1
RTD SeriesChapter 2SPECIFICATIONSFor convenience to the user, the pertinent specifications are given in a typical OPERATING GUIDE, like theone shown in Figure 2.1, affixed to the case of the .001RTD-Z-6-.01RTD-X-6-.01Minimum resistance (Ω)10.00010.00010.0010.00Maximum resistance (Ω)1,111.1101,111.11011,111.1011,111.10Resolution (mΩ)111010Number of decades6666Absolute accuracy (ppm)5010050100Tempco max. (ppm/ C)5555Tempco typical (ppm/ C)3333Stability (ppm/24hrs)2222Stability (ppm/year)10101010W cm (in)43.9(17.3)43.9(17.3)43.9(17.3)43.9(17.3)H cm (in)8.9(3.5)8.9(3.5)8.9(3.5)8.9(3.5)D cm (in)10.2(4)10.2(4)10.2(4)10.2(4)Dimensions*At 23 C “true ohm” measurement, 30-70% RH, absolute reading, SI traceable; no zero subtraction requiredSwitch Setting:The 10 Ω switch has two stops at positions 1 and10. Absolute accuracy, without zero subtraction,is accomplished by having a minimum settableresistance, which includes all contact and wiringresistances. Absolute accuracy applies for everysetting. See table above for the minimum settableresistance for any model. Minimum settableresistance is implemented by a mechanical stop inone of the decades.Maximum Power for rated accuracy:100 mW or 100 mA for 10.000 to 10.999 Ω;100 mW per step for the highest decade in use for11 Ω and over.Maximum Current: 200 mA.Breakdown Voltage: 1000 V.2Connection to Terminals:2 terminal devices: use H and L CURRENT terminals3 terminal devices: use H CURRENT - L CURRENTand G terminals;4 terminal devices: use all CURRENT and SENSEterminals. (Note: Ground Strap is the only connectionbetween CURRENT and SENSE terminals.)Environmental conditions:Operating temperature: 0ºC to 55ºC.Storage temperature: -40ºC to 70ºC.Humidity: 80% RH.Switch type:Multiple solid silver contacts; dust-tightdiallyl-phthalate body.To allow continuous rotation, a blank position is added onall decades except the 10 Ω decade.Specifications
RTD SeriesSPECIFICATIONS CONTINUEDResistor type:Wirewound, hermetically sealed, low-inductanceTerminals:Four, 5-way, gold-plated, tellutium-copper bindingposts with low thermal emf and low resistance, forfour-terminal Kelvin measurements, plus one bindingpost connected to case for shielding.Options:-RH Rear output is available as an option.Specifications3
4SN: G2-1444653WARNING Long Island, NY Email: info@ietlabs.com Tel: (516) 334-5959 Fax: (516) 334-5988www.ietlabs.comFigure 2-2: Typical Operating Guide Affixed to Unit (See label on your specific unit for actual specifications)CAGE CODE: 62015IET LABS, INC.Observe all safety rules when working with high voltages or line voltages. Connect the (G) terminal to earth ground in order to maintain the case at a safe voltage. Whenever hazardous voltages ( 45 V)are used, take all measures to avoid accidental contact with any live components: a) Use maximum insulation and minimize the use of bare conductors. b) Remove power when adjusting switches. c) Postwarning signs and keep personnel safely away.MODEL: RTD-Z-6-0.001RTD lbls/RTD-Z-6-.001/p1/cat09/04-13;55%Switch Setting: The 10 Ω switch has two stops at positions 1 and 10. Use caution so as notto damage the switch.To set values requiring a 0 in the 10 Ω position, follow this example: for a 205 Ω setting,set the dials to 1-10-5-0-0-0.Connection to Terminals:2 terminal devices: use H and L CURRENT terminals;3 terminal devices: use H CURRENT - L CURRENT and G terminals;4 terminal devices: use all CURRENT and SENSE terminals.Switch Break-in: Whenever the unit has been idle, turn each switch 7-10 times both waysbefore using. This switch "break-in" procedure is standard metrology procedure requiredfor best accuracy to remove any silver oxide film on the contact surfaces, typically 1 mΩ.RTD-Z SERIES RESISTANCE TEMPERATURE DETECTOR (RTD) SIMULATORResistor Type: Wirewound, hermetically sealed, low inductance.Accuracy: 50 ppm absolute accuracy without "zero" setting subtraction; true-ohm measurement at CURRENT terminals at 23 C; NIST traceable.Resistance Range: 10.000 Ω to 1,111.110 Ω., with 1 mΩ resolution.Minimum Setting: 10 Ω.Temperature Coefficient: 5 ppm/ C, 3 ppm/ C typical.Stability: 10 ppm/year.Maximum Power for rated accuracy:100 mW or 100 mA for 10.000 to 10.999 Ω;100 mW per step for the highest decade in use for 11 Ω and over.Maximum Current: 200 mA.Breakdown Voltage: 1000 V.RTD SeriesSpecifications
RTD SeriesChapter 3Installation3.1Initial Inspection3.3Repackaging for ShipmentIET instruments receive a careful mechanical andelectrical inspection before shipment. Upon receipt,verify that the contents are intact and as ordered.The instrument should then be given a visual andoperational inspection.If the instrument is to be returned to IET Labs, contactthe Service Department at the number or address,shown on the front cover of this manual, to obtain a“Returned Material Authorization” (RMA) numberand any special shipping instructions or assistance.Proceed as follows:If any shipping damage is found, contact the carrierand IET Labs. If any operational problems are encountered, contact IET Labs and refer to the warrantyat the beginning of this manual.1. Attach a tag to the instrument identifying theowner and indicate the service or repair to beaccomplished. Include the model number,the full serial number of the instrument, theRMA number, and shipping address.2. Wrap the instrument in heavy paper orplastic.3. Protect the front panel and any other protrusions with cardboard or foam padding.4. Place instrument in original container orequally substantial heavy carton.5. Use packing material around all sides ofinstrument.6. Seal with strong tape or bands.7. Mark shipping container “DELICATEINSTRUMENT,” “FRAGILE,” etc.Save all original packing material for conveniencein case shipping of the instrument should becomenecessary.3.2InstallationFor a rack mounted model, installation in a 19 inchrack may be made using the slots in the rack mounting ears. A mounting location that does not exposethe unit to excessive heat is recommended. For benchmodels there is no required installation.Since this is a high accuracy instrument, it is recommended that a space be provided that would notexpose it to mechanical abuse and keep it maintainedat laboratory standard temperatures near 23ºC.Installation3.4StorageIf this instrument is to be stored for any lengthy periodof time, it should be sealed in plastic and stored in adry location. It should not be subjected to temperatureextremes beyond the specifications. Extended exposure to such temperatures can result in an irreversiblechange in resistance, and require recalibration.5
RTD SeriesChapter 4OPERATION4.1Initial Inspection and SetupThis instrument was carefully inspected before shipment. It should be in proper electrical and mechanicalorder upon receipt.An OPERATING GUIDE is attached to the caseof the instrument to provide ready reference tospecifications.4.2ConnectionFour high performance, low resistance, heavy dutygold-plated tellurium-copper binding posts minimizethe thermal emf effects which would artificiallyreflect a change in dc resistance measurements. Allother conductors within the instrument, as well as thesolder employed, contain no metals or junctions thatcontribute to thermal emf problems.4.2.1The highest quality low emf components are used inthe RTD Series series. In particular, the terminals aremade of gold plated tellurium copper, which exhibitslow emf and low resistance. There nevertheless maybe some minute thermal emf generated at the user’stest leads where they contact the RTD Series binding posts. This will depend on the test lead material.Whenever this is critical, brass and iron materialsshould be avoided.This emf will be virtually eliminated if a meter withso called “True Ohm” capability is used. Otherwise itmay appear as a false component of the dc resistancemeasurement, and can be the order of milliohms.4.3These terminals are labeled CURRENT H,CURRENT L, SENSE H, and SENSE L provide twocurrent and two potential terminals, respectively. Inaccordance with industry standards, the two SENSEterminals are internally connected to the RTD circuit,and the external shorting links must be connected for4-terminal measurement, as this is the only connection between CURRENT and SENSE terminals. Afifth metal binding post labeled GND (Ground) isconnected to the case and may be used as a guard orshield terminal.When 4-terminal measurements are used, it is best touse banana plugs rather than lugs, because the centerconductor of a banana plug is closer to the center ofthe banana jack. Lugs may result is small differencesfrom the calibrated values - of the order of 5 ppm.6Thermal emf ConsiderationsDial SettingThe l0 Ω decade does not go below the “1” positionin order to maintain a precise and constant minimumresistance of 10 Ω, so that no subtraction of zero resistance is required. Excise caution so as not force 10 Ωdecade dial below 1 position. To set values requiringa 0 in the 10 Ω position, follow this example: for a205 Ω setting, set the dials to 1-10-5-0-0-0.Whenever the dials are used in positions 0-9, theresulting resistance is read directly. Both the decimalpoint and the steps are clearly marked on the panel.For additional flexibility and range, each decadeprovides a “10” position setting. This “10” positionon any one decade equals the “1” position on the nexthigher decade. It adds about 11% to the nominal totaldecade resistance.Operation
RTD SeriesTo determine the resistance obtained when one ormore “10” settings are used, simply add “1” to thenext higher decade. For example, and a setting of10-10-l0-10.10-10 Ω becomes:101 0 0 0 0.0101 0 0 0.0101 0 0.0101 0.0.101.0.010.1TOTPower ConsiderationsTo maintain the maximum possible accuracy andprecision, power applied to the RTD Series shouldbe kept as low as possible, preferably below 0.1 W.For best protection of the instrument, it is advisableto limit the input power to 0.5 W. This may be implemented with a series resistor or fuse.4.5Switch ConditioningThe switch wipers employed in this unit are selfcleaning. They have solid silver alloy contacts.After being left idle, the wipers and contacts mustbe conditioned or “broken in” again to remove thefilm of silver oxide that develops over time. This isstandard metrology practice when high accuracy isrequired. This effect is of the order of less than 1 mΩ,So it may be ignored whenever measurements of thatmagnitude are not important.1 1 1 1 1.1Use caution so as not to damage the switch.To set values requiring a 0 in the 10 Ω position,follow this example: for a 205 Ω setting, set thedials to 1-10-5-0-0-0.4.44.6To perform this “breaking in,” simply rotate eachswitch seven to ten times in each direction with theexception of the 10 Ω decade switch which shouldnot be rotated beyond the stops.4.7PT 100 Temperature ChartsOne of the primary applications of the RTD Seriesis as calibration of temperature equipment that usesPT-100 Thermocouples. Temperature conversioncharts are show on the next two pages.Environmental ConditionsFor optimal accuracy, the decade box should be usedin an environment of 23ºC. It should be allowed tostabilize at that temperature for at least four hoursafter any significant temperature variation.Humidity should be maintained at laboratory conditions of 80% RH.Operation7
RTD Series8Operation
RTD SeriesOperation9
RTD Series5.5Replaceable Parts ListModel Ref1234Not ShownNot ShownNot ShownNot ShownNot ShownNot ShownNot ShownIET Pt NoDescriptionBP-1000-RDBinding Post, RedBP-1000-BKBinding Post, BlackBP-1000-GNBinding Post, GreenRTD Series-4300-KNBKnob AssemblyRTD Series-3100RTD-4000-.001RTD-4000-0.01Foot1 mΩ/step Decade Switch Assembly10 mΩ/step Decade Switch AssemblyRTD-4000-LX-0.1100 mΩ/step Decade Switch AssemblyRTD-4000-11 Ω/step Decade Switch AssemblyRTD-4000-1010 Ω/step Decade Switch AssemblyRTD-4000-100100 Ω/step Decade Switch AssemblyTable 5-2: Replaceable Parts List142314Figure 5-2: RTD Series Replaceable PartsMaintenance
The RTD Series Precision RTD (Resistance Temperature Detector) Simulator provides a very broad-range of absolute resistance values that replace RTD’s,thermocouples. Thermocouples present a re-sistance that depends on the temperature. The RTD simulator effectively replaces an RTD to test, analy
The previous equations define the RTD resistance as a function of its temperature, R. RTD (t). However, to implement an RTD sensor interfacing circuit, the RTD temperature must be deter-mined, instead, as a function of its resistance, T. RTD (r). This may be less straightforward, given the
Table 2 lists the coefficients used in this equation for each of the TCR values that the [c]FP-RTD-124 supports. If you have a nonstandard RTD that does not match one of these linearization curves, measure the resistance with the [c]FP-RTD-124 and convert the resistance to temperature in the manner suggested by t
TX92 RTD Transmitter. The TX92 Two-Wire RTD Transmitter will produce a standard 4-20 mA output signal proportional to that produced by its RTD input temperature sensor. Transmission of the proportional current output may be accomplished by using copper wires. The TX92 RTD Transmitter accepts 100 Ohm, Plat
the Resistance Temperature Detector (RTD), its construction, and how it operates. We saw that choosing one RTD type over another gave consideration to its physical construction, sensitivity, material and insulation, and temperature range. We also looked at the RTD Temperature Coefficient of Resistance (TCR)
So at 0 C the resistance is 100 ohms, at 100 C resistance 138.5 ohms. JIS standard platinum has a temperature coefficient, or (α) value, of 0.003916 ohms/ohms/ C. So a 100 ohm platinum RTD will increase in resistance by 0.3916 ohms for every 1 C of temperature in-crease. So at 0 C the resistance is 100 ohms, at 100 C resistance 139. .
About the Excel RTD app The Excel RTD app lets you do two things: Put real-time data into Excel using only Excel's RTD() function. No macros; no . MT4/5: the app will report all the symbols which are included in the MT4/5 market watch . 2.2 Excel formula Once the RTD app is running, you can use the following formula in Excel to insert a .
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