Ferro Fountain Of The Righteous Biographies
FerroFountain ofThe RighteousBiographiesUpdated 10.04.16
BELARUSMatriona AdamovichMatriona Adamovich was the nursemaid to the Finkelshtein's two daughters, Ania and Zoya. After the Germaninvasion, the Riva and Naum Finkelshtein joined the Red Army leaving their daughters with Matriona. She andthe two girls were sheltered by the Vasilchonok family, who protected and cared for them. Ania decided to jointhe partisan movement, but was killed only a few months later. Zoya remained with the Matriona and theVasilchonoks until liberation in 1944. Zoya was reunited with her mother after the war and returned to Minsk.Matriona went on to become the nurse to Zoya's daughter in the 1960s. 1Novitzkaya Family ( Tatyana and Galina)Tatyana Novitzkaya and her daughter, Galina, from the village of Guzolovka, Belarus, took in a Jewish mother and her four-yearold daughter and hid them throughout the war. In 1941, an acquaintance of Tayana asked her to hide Irina Rukhovets and herfour-year-old daughter, Inessa, in her home. The Novitzkayas knew the family was Jewish, but cared for them despite the dangerof being caught by their neighbors and the Nazis. In 1943, all adult women and men were sent to work outside the village asforced laborers. Galina, only eleven years old, protected and cared for Inessa while the mothers went to work. Before the end ofthe war, the Novitskayas and Rukhovets went into hiding in the forest until they were liberated by the Red Army. The two familiesremained close friends for years after the liberation. For Tatyana and Galina’s heroic actions, Yad Vashem recognized them asRighteous Among the Nations on November 12, 1998. 2Yelena PechenezhskayaYelena Pechenezhskaya lived in Minsk with her Jewish husband, Levin Pechenezhskaya, when Germanyinvaded the Soviet Union. Yelena's husband was able to escape, but her sister in law, Fanya Stolov andFanya’s thirteen-year-old son, Matus, were interned in the ghetto. From 1941-1942, Yelena sheltered Fanyaand Matus, who managed to escape from the ghetto. Yelena was also active in the communist undergroundand was able to help Fanya and Matus reach the partisans in 1942. Later, Yelena took in Esfir Idelchik in1943 and helped him reach the partisans as well. Fanya, Matus, and Esfir all survived the war and remainedin close contact with Yelena until the mid-1960s. 3Yuzefa PutanLeonid Putan was a student in mathematics and physics at the University in Minsk. In August 1941, he joined the undergroundand personally assisted his Jewish friends to safety. Putan was able to obtain false identity papers by acquiring the university'sofficial stamp and university diplomas. He gave out forged diplomas to eight of his Jewish friends and took those in immediatedanger to distant villages. Putan and his mother, Yuzefa, also sheltered many Jews in their home. The Putans risked their livesto safely hid Irina Rukhovets and her four-year-old daughter, Inessa. After the war, Putan maintained friendships with the Jewshe rescued, namely Lyubov Brish, Valentina Svoyatysky, her sister Sofya, and the Rukhovets. 4Updated 10.04.16
BELGIUMJeanne Duchet and Adele PensisThe Westheimer Family left their home in Berlin, Germany, to try to escape from the Nazis. They only got as far as Brussels. Inthe summer of 1942, 9-year-old Beatrice, along with her cousin Henri, were taken to Ottignies, a town in the countryside byBeatrice’s father and left with two sisters, Jeanne Duchet and Adele Pensis, for safekeeping. Mr. Westheimer told Beatrice itwould just be for the summer, a great place for the children to enjoy country. He returned in the fall with more clothes forBeatrice and Henri, but that was the last time. Both Westheimers were killed. Beatrice and Henri remained with the sisters.They not only learned to pass as Catholic, but were baptized. They attended school and remained safe for the balance of thewar. During much of this time, unbeknownst to Beatrice, her uncle in the U.S. was searching for them. Ultimately, he made theiremigration to America possible.Andree Geulen-HerscoviciAndree Geulen-Herscovici was a part of the Belgian Resistance movement during the war. In 1943, RazelLederman approached Andree to help her two daughters, Marguerite and Annette. Andree took in the youngchildren and delivered them to safety at the home of a Catholic family. For more then two years, Andreecollected Jewish children from their families and moved them to monasteries and Christian households. Andreecared for Marguerite and Annette until 1946. Andree and the Committee for the Defense of the Jews saved morethan 1,000 Jewish children during Nazi occupation of Belgium. 5Jean & Josine OpdebeeckIn 1942, Joseph and Ruchia Thoraschreiber asked their housekeeper to help them hide their two-year-old daughter, Liliane.Liliane was brought to Jean and Josine Opdebeek's house in Anderlecht, Brussels. Jean Opdebeeck headed the undergroundorganization and towards the end of the war he helped hide English pilots in his furniture workshop. They took care of Liliane asif she was their own daughter. The Opdebeek also took in Marguerite Rotenberg after her hiding place was too dangerous. Afterthe war, Liliane still remained in contact with Josine and still regarded her as her second mother. 6BOSNIAMustafa & Zejneba HardagaIn April 1941, The Kavilio's home was destroyed when the Germans began bombing Sarajevo during theinvasion of Yugoslavia. When they fled to the hills they came across their Muslim friend, Mustafa Hardaga. Heimmediately offered them to stay at his house. The Kavilios became a part of the Hardaga family, declaring,"our home is your home." The Kavilio family stayed with the Hardagas until he was arrested and imprisoned bythe Croatian Ustasha. He was taken to clear the roads from snow when Zejneba found him and began to bringthe prisoners food. Josef Kavilio managed to escape imprisonment and went back to stay with the Hardagas.The Kavilio family eventually fled to the mountains and joined the partisans. After the war, they stayed with theHardagas until they immigrated to Israel. In 1984, Yad Vashem recognized the Hardaga family as RighteousAmong the Nations. 7BULGARIAKonstantin Markov (Metropolitan Kiril)Metropolitan Kiril, born Konstantin Markov, was the Head of the Church in Plovdiv, Bulgaria. He openly condemnedantisemitism and the leaders of the Bulgarian government who supported Hitler’s racial policies against Jews. InMarch 1943, Kiril was able to halt the deportation of 1,500 Jews living in Plovdiv. He sent a telegram to the Kingpleading to release the Jewish prisoners and threatened to start a campaign of civil obedience by personally lyingUpdated 10.04.16
down in front of the railroad tracks to stop the deportations. Kiril was successful in his mission to save the Jews of Plovdiv. OnNovember 11, 2001, Kiril was honored by Yad Vashem as Righteous Among the Nations for his brave acts to save the Jews ofBulgaria. 8Stoyan Popgueorguiev (Sofia Metropolitan Stefan)Metropolitan Stefan, born Stoyan Popueorguiev, was the Head of the Sofian Church in Bulgaria as well as thehighest ranking Bulgarian Church official during the Holocaust. Stefan actively opposed the anti-Jewish policiesunder the Fascist Bulgarian regime. He was outspoken against the Bulgarian alliance with the Third Reich andwrote articles criticizing Hitler and the Nazis. Stefan intervened many times to halt the deportations of the Jewsliving in Sophia. He pressured the Bulgarian King by threatening to instruct all churches to shelter Jews. Becauseof Stefan’s demands, he was able to postpone the deportation of 800 Jews living in Sophia. As the head of theChurch, Stefan was able to persuade the Bulgarian Church not accept the anti-Jewish laws and protect all Jews who convertedto Christianity. For Stefan’s courageous efforts to save Bulgarians Jews, He was recognized by Yad Vashem as RighteousAmong the Nations on November 11, 2001. 9CHINAFeng Shan HoAfter Austria's annexation to Nazi Germany, many Jews were under intense pressure to obtain entry visas toleave the country. Feng Shan Ho was Chinese Consul General in Vienna and began issuing visas for Jews toemigrate to Shanghai. Many made use of their visas and traveled by boat from Italy or through the Soviet Union,either to Shanghai or to other destinations. Ho ignored the instructions of the Chinese Ambassador in Berlin andissued visas on a large scale. He received a "demerit" in 1939, for his insubordination for providing entry visas toso many Jewish refugees but continued to issue them. Ho retired in 1973, and died in 1997. On August 7, 2000,Yad Vashem awarded him the title of Righteous Among the Nations for his courageous acts of kindness. 10CZECH REPUBLICHanna Malkova & FamilyHanna Malkova was a widow living with her daughter Eva at the time of the war. Her husbands friend Cizkova was a member ofan anti-fascist organization, along with Dr. Viktor Kaufmann. Victor's sister, Heda Kaufmann, escaped deportation toTheresienstadt and went into hiding. Cizkova was able to help Heda and Viktor's wife, Irma, to refuge at Hanna Malkova's house.She sheltered the two women until the end of the war. Heda remained in close contact with Hanna after the war. In her memoir,she spoke of about Hanna's courageous act of rescue. 11DEMARKHenry Christen and Ellen Margrethe ThomsenHenry Christen Thomsen and wife, Ellen, were innkeepers in the village of Snekkersten. The Thomsenswere active members in the resistance and their inn became a clandestine route to Sweden. It became themeeting point for fisherman who transferred Jews in their boats. When the number of Jewish refugeesincreased, Henry got a boat and made runs to Sweden himself. Thomsen was also assisted by manymembers of the village. Dr. Jorgen Gersfelt acted as a chauffeur, driving many Jews to shelters and to theboats. Thomsen was interrogated by the Gestapo and eventually arrested in 1944. He was sent to theUpdated 10.04.16
Neuengamme concentration camp in Germany, where he died at the age of thirty-eight. 12The People of DenmarkWhen the Danish Jews were being persecuted and the Nazis threatened for theremoval of 7,800 Jews from Denmark, the Danes responded by organizing the mostspectacular act of rescue during the Holocaust. Led by King Christian X, the entireJewish population was ferried to Sweden in 1943. Only 500 Jews were captured andunable to make it across the channel. The Danish Jews returned to Denmark after thewar and found their homes, businesses, and schools intact. 13Updated 10.04.16
FRANCELe Chambon-sur-LignonFrom December 1940 to September 1944, the inhabitants of the French village of Le Chambonsur-Lignon, led by Pastor Andre Trocme of the Reformed Church of France, his wife Magda, andhis assistant Pastor Edward Theis, and the villages on the surrounding plateau provided refugefor an estimated 5,000 people. This number included an estimated 3,000-3,500 Jews who werefleeing from the Vichy authorities and the Nazis. The residents of these villages offered shelter inprivate homes, in hotels, on farms, and in schools. They forged identification and ration cards forthe refugees, and in some cases guided them across the border to neutral Switzerland. These actions of rescue were unusualduring the period of the Holocaust insofar as they involved the majority of the population of an entire region. 14Kate LipnerIn September 1942, seventeen-year-old Kate Lipner, agreed to shelter two children from the Spruch family. Moses,age ten, and his little sister hid in Lipner’s apartment attic for over two years until they were able to reunited withtheir mother in Spain. Kate displayed constant heroism demonstrating that young individuals can make a difference.Kate immigrated to Chicago shortly after the war. 15Andre & Magda TrocmePastor André Trocmé was the spiritual leader of the Protestant congregation in the village of Le Chambonsur Lignon in the département of Haute-Loire in Southeastern France. When deportations of Jews began inFrance in 1942, Trocme urged his congregation to shelter all Jews. The village became flooded with Jewsseeking a safe place to hide until they crossed into the Swiss border. Despite the danger, many residents ofChambon sur Lignon took in Jewish refugees and housed them in local farms, public institutions andorphanages. Magda actively located families willing to accommodate Jewish refugees and prepared thetown’s many schools for increased enrollment. Trocme was threatened many times by the Vichy governmentto comply with the anti-Jewish policies. However, the Gendarmes never took action to arrest any residents ofthe town. Around 5,000 Jews passed through Le Chambon and surrounding villages until liberation in 1945.On January 5, 1971, Yad Vashem recognized the Reverend André Trocmé and his wife, Magda, as Righteous among theNations as well as 32 other residents of Le Chambon sur Lignon. 16Father Raymond VancourtFather Raymond Vancourt was a highly respected professor at the University of Lille when he hid Irene Kahn,her aunt, uncle and cousins, as well as many young Jewish refugees in his home. It was not until the end of thewar that Irene Kahn learned of his involvement in the underground Resistance. Yad Vashem recognizedVancourt, his cousin, and housekeeper, Raymonde Lombard, as Righteous Among the Nations. 17Updated 10.04.16
GERMANYJohannes "Hans" FittkoIn October 1940, Emergency Rescue Committee recruited Johannes “Hans” Fittko, an accepted journalist and activist againstthe Hitler regime, and his wife, Lisa. Between 1940-1941, The couple helped organize a safe route to help political refugeescross safely from occupied France into Spain. This included noted people in arts, literature, science, as well as Jewish refugees.The safe route went from Banyuls sur Mer, France, across the Pyrenees Mountains to port Bou, Spain. The Fittkos saw morethan a hundred people to safety across the mountains. 18Liesel & Luise GanszIn 1942, when the Nazis closed Jewish schools and forbad Jewish children to receive an education, Charlotte Herzfeld, a schoolteacher, defied the Nazi order and continued to tutor children of Jewish forced laborers. Tragically, Herzeld's parents committedsuicide after being told they were to be deported. When the SS came to her home, she escaped and fled to her non-Jewishfriend, Liesel Ganz. Liesel and her mother, Luise, took Herzeld in and arranged shelter for her at a friends home. They providedfood and cared for her until the end of the war. Herzfeld and Liesel remained close friends until Liesel passed away in 1971.Herzfeld and Liesel's graves stand side by side. 19Paula HuellePaula Huelle was a widow and owner of a tobacco store in Berlin when she began bribing a Gestapoofficial to save Jewish children from deportation. She learned when registration of the Jews was to takeplace and would shelter the children in her home. Fearing for the lives of the children, she purchasedproperty in the countryside and took the children to the farm. She sold all her jewelry and used hersavings to provide the children food. After the war, Huelle immigrated to Arlington Heights, Illinois. Shepassed away in 1992. 20Elsa Ledetsch and Gisela ReissenbergDuring the last major transport of the remaining Jews in Berlin, Rachele Schipper was given a noteby an unknown woman with an address of an acquaintance, Elsa Ledetsch. On February 28, 1943,Elsa was approached by Schipper and her daughter, Jenny, at her home and asked Elsa for help.Elsa decided to take Rachela into her home and Elsa's daughter, Gisela, took in Jenny. A fewweeks later, Gisela took in another Jewish couple, Gustav and Irma Compart. Gisela hardly hadroom for three extra people in her tiny apartment, but they made due by sleeping together in thesame bed and extra chairs. The Schippers and the Comparts were unable to leave the homes of Gisela and Elsa. Despite thedanger of being suspected by their neighbors, Gisela and Elsa fed and took care of the Jewish refugees until they found a newhideout in a farmer's home outside of Berlin. On October 19, 1987, Yad Vashem awared Elsa Ledetsch and Gisela Reissenberg,as Righteous of the Nations for their honorable acts during the war. 21Oskar SchindlerOskar Schindler, a German business man, took control of a Jewish-owned business in Krakow, Poland in 1939.He employed Jewish workers from the ghetto as cheap labor for the factory. In 1942, when the SS began toliquidate the ghetto, Schindler told his employees to stay in the factory until it was over. He bribed the Nazis toset up a “slave labor camp” in order to shelter his Jewish employees. He provided them with extra food andhousing. As the Soviet troops began advancing into Poland, the Nazis stepped up the deportations of the Jews.Schindler set up a new armaments factory in Czechoslovakia and arranged for nearly 1,100 Jews to be transferred in order tosave them from deportation. The Jews remained safely in Czechoslovakia until the Soviet troops liberated them in 1945. In 1974,at the age of 66, Oskar Schindler passed away and was buried in Jerusalem. 22Updated 10.04.16
Kurt SeligmannKurt Seligmann lived in Berlin, Germany and was considered by the Nazis a mixed race because hisfather was of Jewish origin. Because Seligmann married a non-Jewish Christian woman and raised hischildren as Christians, he was protected from Nazi persecution in Berlin. After the rise of Nazism,Seligmann tried to help his Jewish business associate, Hermann Schipper, until he was deported toAuschwitz in February 1943. During the war, Seligmann helped Schipper’s wife, Rachela and herdaughter, Jenni by providing them with food, money, and places to hide. Seligmann risked his life tosave the Schipper family and even returned the jewelry Rachela gave him for food after the war.Because of Seligmann’s courageousness and moral choices throughout the Holocaust, he wasrecognized by Yad Vashem as Righteous Among the Nations on June 8, 2006. 23GREECEArchbishop Damaskinos of Athens and All GreeceIn March 1943, Archbishop Damaskinos of Athens met with a delegation from the Jewish community asking, him to intervene inthe deportations of Jews from Thessaloniki. The Archbishop sent a letter of protest to the Prime Minister of Greece and to theGerman Ambassador of the Reich Plenipotentiary for Greece, requesting the German government to cancel the deportations.When proved unsuccessful, Damaskinos called for all priests and convents to extend aid and provide safe havens for Jews. Withthe help of the Chief of Police in Athens, Damaskinos issued thousands of identity cards with Greek names to help Jews escapeor hide. 24Dimitris SpiliakosDimitris Spiliakos was a Greek attorney with ties to the Jewish community in Thessaloniki, Greece. In 1943, Spiliakos offered toassist his former client, Isaac Covo, to escape the ghetto. He helped the Covo's son, Albert, to escape as well as escorted thefamily to stay with a friend of his. Spiliakos took care of all the details for hiding and taking care of the Covos. He covered all theirexpenses for three and a half years. He helped the Covos and nine members of the Nissim family relocate to a safe place inAthens. After the war, Spiliakos assisted the Covos return to normal life. 25ITALYFather Francesco BrondelloFather Francesco Brondello was a young Italian priest who not only provided Jews with food and clothing, butalso photographed Jews to forge identity papers. He was arrested and imprisoned twice, but even undertorture, Don Francesco did not disclose information about his contacts. Among those who owe their lives to himare local Holocaust survivors and sisters, Chaya Roth and Gitta Fajerstein-Walchirk. 26Updated 10.04.16
Giocondo & Annina MarconiGiocondo and Annina Marconi, a woodworker and stay-at-home wife, hid Adina Sella, her parents,and older brother from the Nazis in Anghiari, Italy. From 1943-1945, the Marconi’s housed Sella’sfamily under the roof of their three-st
Zoya was reunited with her mother after the war and returned to Minsk. . Matus, and Esfir all survived the war and remained in close contact with Yelena until the mid-1960s. 3. Yuzefa Putan Leonid Putan was a student in mathematics and physics at the University in Minsk. In August 1941, he joined the underground . emigration to America .
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