THE STATUTES OF THE REPUBLIC OF SINGAPORE
THE STATUTES OF THE REPUBLIC OF SINGAPORECOMPETITION ACT(CHAPTER 50B)(Original Enactment: Act 46 of 2004)REVISED EDITION 2006(31st January 2006)Prepared and Published byTHE LAW REVISION COMMISSIONUNDER THE AUTHORITY OFTHE REVISED EDITION OF THE LAWS ACT (CHAPTER 275)Informal Consolidation – version in force from 16/5/2018
CHAPTER 50B2006 Ed.Competition ActARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONSPART IPRELIMINARYSection1.2.Short titleInterpretationPART IICOMPETITION AND CONSUMER COMMISSION OF SINGAPOREDivision 1 — Establishment, incorporation and constitution of Commission3.4.5.Establishment and incorporation of Competition and ConsumerCommission of SingaporeCommon sealConstitution of CommissionDivision 2 — Functions, duties and powers of Commission6.7.8.9.Functions and duties of CommissionPowers of CommissionDirections by MinisterAppointment of committees and delegation of powersDivision 3 — Provisions relating to staff10.Chief Executive, officers and employees, etc.Division 4 — Financial provisions11.12.13.14.15.16.17.18.19.Financial yearMinister’s approval of estimatesMoneys recovered or collected by CommissionGrants-in-aidPower to borrowIssue of shares, etc.Bank accountApplication of moneysInvestment1Informal Consolidation – version in force from 16/5/2018
Competition2006 Ed.Section20.21.22.23.CAP. 50B2[Repealed]Audit of accounts[Repealed][Repealed]Division 5 — Transfer of property, assets, liabilities and employees24.25.26.27.28.29.30.Transfer to Commission of property, assets and liabilitiesTransfer of employeesService rights, etc., of transferred employees to be preservedNo benefits in respect of abolition or reorganisation of officeExisting contractsContinuation and completion of disciplinary proceedings andother legal proceedingsMisconduct or neglect of duty by employee before transferDivision 6 — General31.32.[Repealed]Symbol or representation of CommissionPART IIICOMPETITIONDivision 1 — General33.Application of PartDivision 2 — Agreements, etc., preventing, restricting or distorting eements, etc., preventing, restricting or distortingcompetitionExcluded agreementsBlock exemptionsBlock exemption ordersOpposition to block exemptionsProcedure for block exemptionsVariation and revocation of block exemption ordersCriteria for block exemptionsRequests for Commission to examine agreementsNotification for guidanceNotification for decisionEffect of guidanceInformal Consolidation – version in force from 16/5/2018
3CompetitionCAP. 50BSection46.2006 Ed.Effect of decision that section 34 prohibition has not beeninfringedDivision 3 — Abuse of dominant position47.48.49.50.51.52.53.Abuse of dominant positionExcluded casesRequests for Commission to consider conductNotification for guidanceNotification for decisionEffect of guidanceEffect of decision that section 47 prohibition has not beeninfringedDivision 4 — d mergersConfidential advice by Commission on anticipated mergersRequests for Commission to consider anticipated mergers andmergersNotification of anticipated mergerNotification of mergerInterim measures in relation to notifications of anticipatedmergers and mergersEffect of decision that anticipated merger, if carried into effect,will not infringe section 54 prohibitionEffect of decision that merger has not infringed section 54prohibitionDivision 4A — Commitments60A.60B.CommitmentsEffect of commitmentsDivision 5 — Enforcement61.61A.62.63.64.65.66.67.Guidelines on enforcement of PartPower to require documents or informationPower to investigatePower when conducting investigationPower to enter premises without warrantPower to enter premises under warrantSelf-incrimination and savings for professional legal advisersInterim measuresInformal Consolidation – version in force from 16/5/2018
Competition2006 Ed.Section68.69.70.CAP. 50BDecision of Commission upon completion of investigationEnforcement of decision of CommissionNotificationPART IVAPPEALSDivision 1 — General71.Appealable decisionsDivision 2 — Competition Appeal Board72.73.74.Competition Appeal BoardPowers and decisions of BoardAppeals to High Court and Court of AppealPART VOFFENCES75.76.77.78.79.80.81.82.83.84.Refusal to provide information, etc.Destroying or falsifying documentsFalse or misleading informationObstruction of officer of Commission, etc.No costs or damages or other relief arising from seizure to berecoverable unless seizure without reasonable or probable causePowers of enforcementOffences by bodies corporate, etc.Jurisdiction of courtGeneral penaltyComposition of offencesPART VIMISCELLANEOUS85.86.87.88.89.Enforcement of directions of Commission and commitments inDistrict CourtRights of private actionCo-operation between Commission and other regulatoryauthorities on competition mattersCo-operation between Commission and foreign competitionbodiesPreservation of secrecyInformal Consolidation – version in force from 16/5/20184
5CAP. 50BSection90.91.91A.92.93.94.Competition2006 Ed.Protection from personal liabilityPublic servantsProceedings conducted by officers of CommissionAmendment of Third and Fourth SchedulesRegulationsTransitional provisionsPART VIITRANSFER OF UNDERTAKINGS TO COMMISSION95.96.97.98.99.100.Interpretation of this PartTransfer of undertakings to CommissionTransfer of employees to CommissionGeneral preservation of employment terms, etc.Transfer of recordsConfirmation of transfersFirst Schedule— Constitution and proceedings ofCommissionSecond Schedule — Powers of CommissionThird Schedule — Exclusions from section 34 prohibitionand section 47 prohibitionFourth Schedule — Exclusions from section 54 prohibitionAn Act to make provision about competition and the abuse of adominant position in the market; and to establish the Competitionand Consumer Commission of Singapore, to provide for itsfunctions and powers and for matters connected therewith.[Act 10 of 2018 wef 01/04/2018][1st January 2005: Parts I and II and First and SecondSchedules ; 1st September 2005: Part IV ;: Parts III (except Division 4)1, V and VI and ThirdSchedule ]1Division 4 of Part III and the Fourth Schedule were repealed by Act 23 of 2007 on 30th June 2007. New Divisions4 and 4A of Part III and the new Fourth Schedule were inserted by Act 23 of 2007 and were brought into operationon 1st January 20061st July 2007Informal Consolidation – version in force from 16/5/2018
Competition2006 Ed.CAP. 50B6PART IPRELIMINARYShort title1. This Act may be cited as the Competition Act.Interpretation2.—(1) In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires —“anticipated merger” means an arrangement that is in progress orcontemplation and that, if carried into effect, will result in theoccurrence of a merger referred to in section 54(2);[23/2007 wef 01/07/2007]“block exemption” has the meaning assigned to it insection 36(5);“block exemption order” has the meaning assigned to it insection 36(3);“Board” means the Competition Appeal Board established undersection 72;“Chairman” means the Chairman of the Commission andincludes any temporary Chairman of the Commission;“Chief Executive” means the Chief Executive of theCommission, and includes any individual acting in thatcapacity;[Act 5 of 2018 wef 01/04/2018]“Commission” means the Competition and ConsumerCommission of Singapore established by section 3;[Act 10 of 2018 wef 01/04/2018]“Deputy Chairman” means the Deputy Chairman of theCommission and includes any temporary Deputy Chairmanof the Commission;“document” includes information recorded in any form;“goods” includes —(a) buildings and other structures;Informal Consolidation – version in force from 16/5/2018
7CAP. 50BCompetition2006 Ed.(b) ships, aircraft and hovercraft;(c) gas and electricity; and(d) choses in action;“information” includes estimates and forecasts;“inspector” means an inspector appointed by the Commission toconduct any investigation under section 62;“investigating officer” has the meaning assigned to it insection 64(1);“member” means a member of the Commission;“party involved in a merger” means a person or an undertakingspecified in section 54(2) and includes the merged entity;[23/2007 wef 01/07/2007]“party to an anticipated merger” means a person or anundertaking which would be a person or an undertakingspecified in section 54(2) if the anticipated merger werecarried into effect;[23/2007 wef 01/07/2007]“person” includes any undertaking;“premises” does not include domestic premises unless —(a) they are used in connection with the affairs of anundertaking; or(b) documents relating to the affairs of an undertaking arekept there,but includes any vehicle;“public interest consideration” means national or public security,defence and such other considerations as the Minister may, byorder published in the Gazette, prescribe;“section 34 prohibition” means the prohibition referred to insection 34(1);“section 47 prohibition” means the prohibition referred to insection 47(1);Informal Consolidation – version in force from 16/5/2018
2006 Ed.CompetitionCAP. 50B8“section 54 prohibition” means the prohibition referred to insection 54(1);“service” means a service of any description whether industrial,trade, professional or otherwise;“undertaking” means any person, being an individual, a bodycorporate, an unincorporated body of persons or any otherentity, capable of carrying on commercial or economicactivities relating to goods or services.(2) The fact that to a limited extent the section 34 prohibition doesnot apply to an agreement, because of an exclusion provided by orunder this Act, does not require those provisions of the agreement towhich the exclusion relates to be disregarded when consideringwhether the agreement infringes the prohibition for other reasons.(3) For the purposes of this Act, the power to require information, inrelation to information recorded otherwise than in a legible form,includes the power to require a copy of it in a legible form.(4) Any power conferred on any person by this Act to requireinformation includes the power to require any document which hebelieves may contain that information.[Canada Competition, ss. 2 (1) and 91; UK Competition 1998, s. 59 (1), (2) to (4); UK Enterprise2002, s. 232 (2)]PART IICOMPETITION AND CONSUMER COMMISSION OFSINGAPORE[Act 10 of 2018 wef 01/04/2018]Division 1 — Establishment, incorporation and constitution ofCommissionEstablishment and incorporation of Competition andConsumer Commission of Singapore3. There is hereby established a body to be known as theCompetition and Consumer Commission of Singapore which shallInformal Consolidation – version in force from 16/5/2018
9CAP. 50BCompetition2006 Ed.be a body corporate with perpetual succession and shall, by that name,be capable of —(a) suing and being sued;(b) acquiring, owning, holding and developing or disposing ofproperty, both movable and immovable; and(c) doing and suffering such other acts or things as bodiescorporate may lawfully do and suffer.[Act 10 of 2018 wef 01/04/2018]Common seal4.—(1) The Commission shall have a common seal and such sealmay from time to time be broken, changed, altered or made anew asthe Commission thinks fit.(2) All deeds and other documents requiring the seal of theCommission shall be sealed with the common seal of theCommission.(3) All courts, judges and persons acting judicially shall take judicialnotice of the common seal of the Commission affixed to anydocument and shall presume that it was duly affixed.Constitution of Commission5.—(1) The Commission shall consist of the following members:(a) a Chairman; and(b) such other members, not being less than 2 or more than 16,as the Minister may from time to time determine.(2) The First Schedule shall have effect with respect to theCommission, its members and proceedings.Division 2 — Functions, duties and powers of CommissionFunctions and duties of Commission6.—(1) Subject to the provisions of this Act, the functions andduties of the Commission shall be —Informal Consolidation – version in force from 16/5/2018
2006 Ed.CompetitionCAP. 50B10(a) to maintain and enhance efficient market conduct tiveness of markets in Singapore;(b) to eliminate or control practices having adverse effect oncompetition in Singapore;(c) to promote and sustain competition in markets inSingapore;(d) to promote a strong competitive culture and environmentthroughout the economy in Singapore;(e) to act internationally as the national body representative ofSingapore in respect of competition matters and consumerprotection matters;[Act 10 of 2018 wef 01/04/2018](ea) to promote fair trading practices among suppliers andconsumers and enable consumers to make informedpurchasing decisions in Singapore;[Act 10 of 2018 wef 01/04/2018](eb) to prevent suppliers in Singapore from engaging in unfairpractices;[Act 10 of 2018 wef 01/04/2018](ec) to administer and enforce the Consumer Protection (FairTrading) Act (Cap. 52A);[Act 10 of 2018 wef 01/04/2018](f) to advise the Government, any public authority or anyconsumer protection organisation on national needs andpolicies in respect of competition matters and consumerprotection matters generally; and[Act 10 of 2018 wef 01/04/2018](g) to perform such other functions and discharge such otherduties as may be conferred on the Commission by or underany other written law.(2) In performing the functions and discharging the duties imposedon it by subsection (1), the Commission shall have regard to —(a) the differences in the nature of various markets inSingapore;Informal Consolidation – version in force from 16/5/2018
11CAP. 50BCompetition2006 Ed.(b) the economic, industrial and commercial needs ofSingapore; and(c) maintaining the efficient functioning of the markets inSingapore.(3) The Commission may undertake such other functions and dutiesas the Minister may assign to the Commission and in so doing, theCommission shall be deemed to be fulfilling the purposes of this Act,and the provisions of this Act shall apply to the Commission in respectof such functions and duties.(4) Nothing in this section shall be construed as imposing on theCommission, directly or indirectly, any form of duty or liabilityenforceable by proceedings before any court to which it would nototherwise be subject.Powers of Commission7.—(1) Subject to the provisions of this Act, the Commission maycarry on such activities as appear to the Commission to beadvantageous, necessary or convenient for it to carry on for or inconnection with the performance of its functions and the discharge ofits duties under this Act or any other written law and, in particular, theCommission may exercise any of the powers specified in theSecond Schedule.(2) This section shall not be construed as limiting any power of theCommission conferred by or under any other written law.(3) The Commission shall furnish the Minister information withrespect to its property and activities in such manner and at such timesas the Minister may require.Directions by Minister8. The Minister may give to the Commission any direction undersection 5 of the Public Sector (Governance) Act 2018.[Act 5 of 2018 wef 01/04/2018]Appointment of committees and delegation of powers9.—(1) The Commission may, in its discretion, appoint from amongits own members or persons who are not members such number ofInformal Consolidation – version in force from 16/5/2018
2006 Ed.CompetitionCAP. 50B12committees as it thinks fit consisting of members or other persons ormembers and other persons for purposes which, in the opinion of theCommission, would be better regulated and managed by means ofsuch committees.(2) The Commission may, subject to such conditions or restrictionsas it thinks fit, delegate to any such committee or the Chairman, all orany of the powers, functions and duties vested in the Commission bythis Act or any other written law, except the powers to prescribe orlevy dues and rates and borrow money.[Act 5 of 2018 wef 01/04/2018](3) The Commission may, subject to such conditions or restrictionsas it thinks fit, delegate to any employee of the Commission or anyperson all or any of the powers, functions and duties vested in theCommission by this Act or any other written law, except the powers toprescribe or levy dues and rates and borrow money; and any power,function or duty so delegated may be exercised, performed ordischarged by the employee or person in the name and on behalf of theCommission.[Act 5 of 2018 wef 01/04/2018](4) [Deleted by Act 5 of 2018 wef 01/04/2018]Division 3 — Provisions relating to staffChief Executive, officers and employees, etc.10.—(1) There must be a Chief Executive of the Commission,whose appointment, removal, discipline and promotion must be inaccordance with the Public Sector (Governance) Act 2018.(2) The Commission may, subject to the Public Sector (Governance)Act 2018, appoint an individual to act temporarily as the ChiefExecutive during any period, or during all periods, when the ChiefExecutive —(a) is absent from duty or Singapore; or(b) is, for any reason, unable to perform the duties of the office.(3) The Commission may, subject to the Public Sector (Governance)Act 2018, appoint and employ, on such terms and conditions as it mayInformal Consolidation – version in force from 16/5/2018
13CAP. 50BCompetition2006 Ed.determine, such other officers, employees, consultants and agents asmay be necessary for the effective performance of its functions.[Act 5 of 2018 wef 01/04/2018]Division 4 — Financial provisionsFinancial year11. The financial year of the Commission shall begin on 1st April ofeach year and end on 31st March of the succeeding year, except thatthe first financial year of the Commission shall begin on 1st January2005 and end on 31st March of the succeeding year.Minister’s approval of estimates12.—(1) A copy of all annual estimates of revenue and expenditureand supplementary estimates must, upon their adoption by theCommission, be sent without delay to the Minister.(2) The Minister may approve or disallow any item or portion of anyitem shown in the annual estimates or supplementary estimates.(3) The Minister must return the annual estimates or supplementaryestimates as amended under subsection (2) to the Commission, andthe Commission is bound by the Minister’s decision.(4) However, the Commission may transfer all or any part ofmoneys assigned to one item of expenditure to any item under thesame head of expenditure in any estimates approved by the Minister.[Act 5 of 2018 wef 01/04/2018]Moneys recovered or collected by Commission13.—(1) All moneys recovered or charges or composition sumscollected under this Act, other than financial penalties, shall be paidinto and form part of the moneys of the Commission.(2) All financial penalties collected under this Act shall be paid intothe Consolidated Fund.Grants-in-aid14. For the purpose of enabling the Commission to perform itsfunctions and discharge its duties under this Act, the Minister may,Informal Consolidation – version in force from 16/5/2018
Competition2006 Ed.CAP. 50B14from time to time, make grants-in-aid to the Commission of such sumsof money, as the Minister may determine, out of moneys to beprovided by Parliament.Power to borrow15.—(1) For the performance of its functions or discharge of itsduties under this Act or any other written law, the Commission may,from time to time, raise loans from the Government or, with theapproval of the Minister, raise loans within or outside Singapore fromsuch source as the Minister may direct by —(a) mortgage, overdraft or other means, with or withoutsecurity;(b) charge, whether legal or equitable, on any property vestedin the Commission or on any other revenue receivable bythe Commission under this Act or any other written law; or(c) the creation and issue of debentures, bonds or any otherinstrument as the Minister may approve.(2) For the purposes of this section, the power to raise loans shallinclude the power to make any financial agreement whereby creditfacilities are granted to the Commission for the purchase of goods,materials or things.Issue of shares, etc.16. As a consequence of the vesting of any property, rights orliabilities of the Government in the Commission under this Act, or ofany capital injection or other investment by the Government in theCommission in accordance with any written law, the Commissionshall issue such shares or other securities to the Minister for Finance asthat Minister may, from time to time, direct.Bank account17.—(1) The Commission shall open and maintain an account withsuch bank as the Commission thinks fit.(2) Every such account shall be operated by such person as may,from time to time, be authorised in that behalf by the Commission.Informal Consolidation – version in force from 16/5/2018
15CAP. 50BCompetition2006 Ed.Application of moneys18. The moneys of the Commission shall be applied only inpayment or discharge of the expenses, obligations and liabilities of theCommission and in making any payment that the Commission isauthorised or required to make.Investment19. The Commission may, subject to the general or special directionof the Minister —(a) invest its moneys in such manner as it thinks fit; and(b) engage in any financial activity or participate in anyfinancial arrangement for the purpose of managing orhedging against any financial risk that arises or is likely toarise from such investment.20. [Repealed by Act 5 of 2018 wef 01/04/2018]Audit of accounts21.—(1) [Deleted by Act 5 of 2018 wef 01/04/2018](2) [Deleted by Act 5 of 2018 wef 01/04/2018](3) [Deleted by Act 5 of 2018 wef 01/04/2018](4) [Deleted by Act 5 of 2018 wef 01/04/2018](5) [Deleted by Act 5 of 2018 wef 01/04/2018](6) The auditor shall submit such periodical and special reports tothe Minister and to the Commission as may appear to him to benecessary or as the Minister or the Commission may require.22. [Repealed by Act 5 of 2018 wef 01/04/2018]23. [Repealed by Act 5 of 2018 wef 01/04/2018]Division 5 — Transfer of property, assets, liabilities and employeesTransfer to Commission of property, assets and liabilities24.—(1) As from 1st January 2005, such movable and immovableproperty vested in the Government as may be determined by theInformal Consolidation – version in force from 16/5/2018
Competition2006 Ed.CAP. 50B16Minister for Finance and used or managed by the Market AnalysisDivision of the Ministry of Trade and Industry (referred to in thisDivision as the transferred Division) and all assets, interests, rights,privileges, liabilities and obligations of the Government relating to thetransferred Division shall be transferred to and shall vest in theCommission without further assurance, act or deed.(2) If any question arises as to whether any particular property, asset,interest, right, privilege, liability or obligation has been transferred toor vested in the Commission under subsection (1), a certificate underthe hand of the Minister for Finance shall be conclusive evidence thatthe property, asset, interest, right, privilege, liability or obligation wasor was not so transferred or vested.(3) Any immovable property to be transferred to and vested in theCommission under subsection (1) shall be held by the Commissionupon such tenure and subject to such terms and conditions as thePresident may determine.(4) Every agreement relating to any of the transferred properties towhich the Government was a party immediately before 1st January2005, whether or not of such nature that the rights and liabilitiesthereunder could be assigned, shall have effect as from that date asif —(a) the Commission had been a party to such an agreement; and(b) for any reference to the Government there was substitutedin respect of anything to be done on or after 1st January2005 a reference to the Commission.Transfer of employees25.—(1) As from 1st January 2005, such persons or categories ofpersons as the Minister may determine who, immediately before thatdate, were employed by the Government and posted to the transferredDivision shall be transferred to the service of the Commission onterms no less favourable than those enjoyed by them immediatelyprior to their transfer.(2) If any question arises as to whether any person or any categoryof persons has been transferred to the service of the CommissionInformal Consolidation – version in force from 16/5/2018
17CAP. 50BCompetition2006 Ed.under subsection (1), a certificate under the hand of the Minister shallbe conclusive evidence that the person or category of persons was orwas not so transferred.(3) Until such time as terms and conditions of service are drawn upby the Commission, the scheme and terms and conditions of service inthe Government shall continue to apply to every person transferred tothe service of the Commission under subsection (1) as if he were stillin the service of the Government.Service rights, etc., of transferred employees to be preserved26.—(1) The terms and conditions to be drawn up by theCommission shall take into account the terms and conditions ofservice (including salaries and accrued rights to leave) enjoyed by thepersons transferred to the service of the Commission under section 25while in the employment of the Government.(2) Any term or condition relating to the length of service with theCommission shall recognise the length of service of the persons sotransferred while in the employment of the Government to be servicewith the Commission.(3) Nothing in the terms and conditions of service to be drawn up bythe Commission shall adversely affect the conditions that would havebeen applicable to persons transferred to the service of theCommission as regards any pension, gratuity or allowance payableunder the Pensions Act (Cap. 225).(4) Where a person has been transferred to the service of theCommission under section 25, the Government shall be liable to payto the Commission such portion of any pension, gratuity or allowancepayable to the person on his retirement as the same shall bear to theproportion which the aggregate amount of his pensionableemoluments during his service with the Government bears to theaggregate amount of his pensionable emoluments during his serviceunder both the Government and the Commission.(5) Where any person in the service of the Commission, whose casedoes not fall within the scope of any pension or other schemesestablished under this section, retires or dies in the service of theCommission or is discharged from such service, the Commission mayInformal Consolidation – version in force from 16/5/2018
Competition2006 Ed.CAP. 50B18grant to him or to such other person wholly or partly dependent onhim, as the Commission thinks fit, such allowance or gratuity as theCommission may determine.No benefits in respect of abolition or reorganisation of office27. Notwithstanding the provisions of the Pensions Act, no personwho is transferred to the service of the Commission under section 25shall be entitled to claim any benefit under that Act on the ground thathe has been retired from the public service on account of abolition orreorganisation of office in consequence of the establishment andincorporation of the Commission.Existing contracts28. All deeds, contracts, schemes, bonds, agreements, instrumentsand arrangements subsisting immediately before 1st January 2005 towhich the Government is a party and relating to the transferredDivision or to any person transferred to the service of the Commissionunder section 25 shall continue in force on and after that date and shallbe enforceable by or against the Commission as if the Commissionhad been named therein or had been a party thereto instead of theGovernment.Continuation and completion of disciplinary proceedings andother legal proceedings29.—(1) Where, on 1st January 2005, any disciplinary proceedingswere pending against any employee of the Government transferred tothe service of the Commission, the proceedings shall be carried on andcompleted by the Commission.(2) Where, on 1st January 2005, any matter was in the course ofbeing heard or investigated or had been heard or investigated by acommittee acting under due authority but no order, ruling or directionhad been made thereon, the committee shall complete the hearing orinvestigation and shall make such order, ruling or direction as it couldhave made under the authority vested in it before that date.(3) Any order, ruling or direction made by a committee under thissection shall be treated as an order, a ruling or a direction of theCommission and have the same force or effect as if it had been madeInformal Consolidation – version in force from 16/5/2018
19CAP. 50BCompetition2006 Ed.by the Commission pursuant to the authority vested in theCommission under this Act.(4) Any proceedings or cause of action pending or existingimmediately before 1st January 2005 by or against the Government,or any person acting on its behalf, in relation to —(a) the transferred Division;(b) any portion of the property, assets, interests, rights,privileges, liabilities and obligations transferred to theCommission under section 24; or(c) any employee transferred to the service of the Commissionunder section 25,may be continued, completed and enforced by or against theCommission.Misconduct or neglect of duty by employee before transfer30. The Commission may reprimand, reduce in rank, retire, dismissor punish in some other manner a person who had, whilst he was in theemployment of the Government, been guilty of any misconduct orneglect of duty which would have rendered him liable to bereprimanded, reduced in rank, retired, dismissed or punished insome other manner if he had continued to be in the employment of theGovernment, and if this Act had not been enacted.Division 6 — General31. [Repealed by Act 5 of 2018 wef 01/04/2018]Symbol or representation of Commission32.—(1) The Commission shall have the exclusive right to the use
(ea) to promote fair trading practices among suppliers and consumers and enable consumers to make informed purchasing decisions in Singapore; [Act 10 of 2018 wef 01/04/2018] (eb) to prevent suppliers in Singapore from engaging in unfair practices; [Act 10 of 2018 wef 01/04/2018] (ec) to administer and enforce the Consumer Protection (Fair
May 02, 2018 · D. Program Evaluation ͟The organization has provided a description of the framework for how each program will be evaluated. The framework should include all the elements below: ͟The evaluation methods are cost-effective for the organization ͟Quantitative and qualitative data is being collected (at Basics tier, data collection must have begun)
Silat is a combative art of self-defense and survival rooted from Matay archipelago. It was traced at thé early of Langkasuka Kingdom (2nd century CE) till thé reign of Melaka (Malaysia) Sultanate era (13th century). Silat has now evolved to become part of social culture and tradition with thé appearance of a fine physical and spiritual .
On an exceptional basis, Member States may request UNESCO to provide thé candidates with access to thé platform so they can complète thé form by themselves. Thèse requests must be addressed to esd rize unesco. or by 15 A ril 2021 UNESCO will provide thé nomineewith accessto thé platform via their émail address.
̶The leading indicator of employee engagement is based on the quality of the relationship between employee and supervisor Empower your managers! ̶Help them understand the impact on the organization ̶Share important changes, plan options, tasks, and deadlines ̶Provide key messages and talking points ̶Prepare them to answer employee questions
Dr. Sunita Bharatwal** Dr. Pawan Garga*** Abstract Customer satisfaction is derived from thè functionalities and values, a product or Service can provide. The current study aims to segregate thè dimensions of ordine Service quality and gather insights on its impact on web shopping. The trends of purchases have
Chính Văn.- Còn đức Thế tôn thì tuệ giác cực kỳ trong sạch 8: hiện hành bất nhị 9, đạt đến vô tướng 10, đứng vào chỗ đứng của các đức Thế tôn 11, thể hiện tính bình đẳng của các Ngài, đến chỗ không còn chướng ngại 12, giáo pháp không thể khuynh đảo, tâm thức không bị cản trở, cái được
Dec 01, 2006 · (a) Applications by the Republic of Cameroon, the Republic of Ghana, the Republic of Belarus and the Togolese Republic for membership of the Organization 11. The Council adopted by acclamation Resolutions Nos. 1121, 1122, 1123 and 1124 (XC) admitting the Republic of Cameroon, the Republic of Ghana, the Republic of Belarus and the
Le genou de Lucy. Odile Jacob. 1999. Coppens Y. Pré-textes. L’homme préhistorique en morceaux. Eds Odile Jacob. 2011. Costentin J., Delaveau P. Café, thé, chocolat, les bons effets sur le cerveau et pour le corps. Editions Odile Jacob. 2010. Crawford M., Marsh D. The driving force : food in human evolution and the future.
