The History Of Neuroscience In Autobiography
The History of Neuroscience inAutobiographyVolume 9BK-SFN-HON V9-160105-FM.indd 15/7/2016 2:55:35 PM
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The History of Neuroscience inAutobiographyVolume 9Edited by Thomas D. Albrightand Larry R. SquireSociety for NeuroscienceBK-SFN-HON V9-160105-FM.indd 35/7/2016 2:55:35 PM
Society for NeuroscienceThe Society for Neuroscience publishes works that advancethe understanding of the brain and nervous system.Copyright 2016 by the Society for NeurosciencePublished by the Society for Neuroscience1121 14th Street, NWWashington, DC 20005www.sfn.orgAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced,stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means,electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwisewithout the prior permission of the Society for Neuroscience.Library of Congress Control Number: 96070950ISBN 978-0-916110-02-4Printed in the United States of AmericaBK-SFN-HON V9-160105-FM.indd 45/7/2016 2:55:35 PM
ContentsPrevious ContributorsPreface to Volume 1Preface to Volume 0LivingstoneRizzolattiRobbinsSingerVan Essen304330388424484Index of NamesBK-SFN-HON V9-160105-FM.indd 5xi68GrillnerKaasvii5585/7/2016 2:55:35 PM
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Previous ContributorsVolume 1Denise Albe-FessardJulius AxelrodPeter O. BishopTheodore H. BullockIrving T. DiamondRobert GalambosViktor HamburgerSir Alan L. HodgkinDavid H. HubelHerbert H. JasperSir Bernard KatzSeymour S. KetyBenjamin LibetLouis SokoloffJames M. SpragueCurt von EulerJohn Z. YoungVolume 2Lloyd BeidlerArvid CarlssonDonald GriffinRoger GuilleminRay W. GuilleryMasao ItoMartin LarrabeeJerry LettvinPaul MacLeanBrenda MilnerKarl PribramEugene RobertsGunther StentVolume 3Morris H. AprisonBrian B. BoycottVernon B. BrooksPierre BuserHsiang-Tung ChangClaudio A. CuelloRobert W. DotyBernice GrafsteinBK-SFN-HON V9-160105-FM.indd 7Ainsley IggoJennifer LundEdith and Patrick McGeerEdward R. PerlDonald B. TowerPatrick D. WallWally Welker5/7/2016 2:55:35 PM
viiiPrevious ContributorsVolume 4Per AndersenMary Bartlett BungeJan BuresJean Pierre G. ChangeuxWilliam Maxwell (Max) CowanJohn E. DowlingOleh HornykiewiczAndrew F. HuxleyJacSue KehoeEdward A. KravitzJames L. McGaughRandolf MenzelMircea SteriadeRichard F. ThompsonVolume 5Samuel H. BarondesJoseph E. BogenAlan CoweyDavid R. CurtisEnnio De RenziJohn S. EdwardsMitchell GlicksteinCarlton C. HuntLynn T. LandmesserRodolfo R. LlinásAlan PetersMartin RaffWilfrid RallMark R. RosenzweigArnold Bernard ScheibelGerald WestheimerVolume 6Bernard W. AgranoffEmilio BizziMarian Cleeves DiamondCharles G. GrossRichard HeldLeslie L. IversenMasakazu KonishiBK-SFN-HON V9-160105-FM.indd 8Lawrence KrugerSusan E. LeemanVernon B. MountcastleShigetada NakanishiSolomon H. SnyderNobuo SugaHans Thoenen5/7/2016 2:55:35 PM
Previous ContributorsixVolume 7Floyd E. BloomJoaquín FusterMichael S. GazzanigaBertil HilleIvan IzquierdoEdward JonesKrešimir KrnjevićNicole M. Le DouarinTerje LømoMichael M. MerzenichJohn Wilson MooreRobert Y. MooreMichael I. PosnerPeter H. SchillerGordon M. ShepherdRobert H. WurtzVolume 8Huda AkilPhilippe AscherGiovanni BerlucchiLily JanYuh-Nung JanBruce Sherman McEwenFrederick A. MilesPeter M. MilnerBK-SFN-HON V9-160105-FM.indd 9Fernando NottebohmTomaso A. PoggioMarcus E. Raichle, Sr.Pablo RudominAnne TreismanStanley J. Watson, Jr.Anne Buckingham Young5/7/2016 2:55:36 PM
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Preface to Volume 1Before the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation series of books began to appearin 1979, the scientific autobiography was a largely unfamiliar genre.One recalls Cajal’s extraordinary Recollections of My Life, translatedin English in 1937 and the little gem of autobiography written by CharlesDarwin for his grandchildren in 1876. One supposes that this form of scientific writing is scarce because busy scientists would rather continue to workon scientific problems than to indulge in a retrospective exercise using awriting style that is usually outside their scope of experience. Yet, regardless of the nature of one’s own investigative works, the scientific enterprisedescribes a community of activity and thought in which all scientists share.Indeed, an understanding of the scientific enterprise should in the end beaccessible to anyone because it is essentially a human endeavor, full ofintensity, purpose, and drama that are universal to human experience.While writing a full autobiographical text is a formidable undertaking,preparing an autobiographical chapter, which could appear with others in avolume, is perhaps less daunting work and is a project that senior scientistsmight even find tempting. Indeed, a venture of this kind within the discipline of psychology began in 1930 and is now in eight volumes (A History ofPsychology in Autobiography). So it was that during my term as presidentof the Society for Neuroscience in 1993 to 1994, I developed the idea of collecting autobiographies from senior neuroscientists, who at this period inthe history of our discipline are in fact pioneers of neuroscience. Neuroscience is quintessentially interdisciplinary, and careers in neuroscience comefrom several different cultures, including biology, psychology, and medicine.Accounts of scientific lives in neuroscience hold the promise of being informative and interesting, and they could be a source of inspiration to students.Moreover, personal narratives provide for scientists and nonscientists alikean insight into the nature of scientific work that is simply not available inordinary scientific writing.This volume does have a forerunner in neuroscience. In 1975, MIT Presspublished The Neurosciences: Paths of Discovery, a collection of 30 chaptersin commemoration of F. O. Schmitt’s 70th birthday, edited by F. Worden,J. Swazey, and G. Adelman. The contributing neuroscientists, all leaders oftheir discipline, described the paths of discovery that they had followed incarrying on their work. While writing in the style of the conventional reviewarticle, some authors did include a good amount of anecdote, opinion, andpersonal reflection. A second, similar volume, The Neurosciences: Paths ofDiscovery II, edited by F. Samson and G. Adelman, appeared in 1992.BK-SFN-HON V9-160105-FM.indd 115/7/2016 2:55:36 PM
xiiPreface to Volume 1In any case, neuroscience writing that is deliberately and primarilyautobiographical has not been collected before. This project, The History ofNeuroscience in Autobiography, is the first major publishing venture by theSociety for Neuroscience after The Journal of Neuroscience. The book project was prepared with the active cooperation of the Committee on the History of Neuroscience, which serves as an editorial board for the project. Thefirst chairperson of the committee was Edward (Ted) Jones; its memberswere Albert Aguayo, Ted Melnechuk, Gordon Shepherd, and Ken Tyler.This group compiled the names and carried out the deliberations that led tothe first round of invitations. In 1995 Larry Swanson succeeded Ted Jonesas chair of the committee, and as we go to press with volume 1 the committee members are Albert Aguayo, Bernice Grafstein, Ted Melnechuk, DalePurves, and Gordon Shepherd.In the inaugural volume of the series, we are delighted to be able topresent together 17 personal narratives by some of the true pioneers of modern neuroscience. The group includes four Nobel Laureates and 11 membersor foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences, USA. The contributors did their scientific work in the United States, Canada, England,Australia, France, and Sweden. It is difficult to imagine a finer group of scientists with which to inaugurate our autobiographical series. The autobiographical chapters that appear here are printed essentially as submitted bythe authors, with only light technical editing. Accordingly, the chapters arethe personal perspectives and viewpoints of the authors and do not reflectmaterial or opinion from the Society for Neuroscience.Preparation of this volume depended critically on the staff of the book’spublisher, the Society for Neuroscience. The correspondence, technicalediting, cover design, printing, and marketing have all been coordinatedby the Society’s central office, under the superb direction of Diane M.Sullenberger. I thank her and her assistants Stacie M. Lemick (publishingmanager) and Danielle L. Culp (desktop publisher) for their dedicated andskillful work on this project, which was carried out in the midst of demandsbrought by the first in-house years of the Society’s Journal of Neuroscience.I also thank my dear friend Nancy Beang (executive director of the Societyfor Neuroscience) who from the beginning gave her full enthusiasm to thisproject.Larry R. SquireDel Mar, CaliforniaSeptember 1996BK-SFN-HON V9-160105-FM.indd 125/7/2016 2:55:36 PM
Preface to Volume 9This ninth volume of The History of Neuroscience in Autobiographyincludes 12 chapters by senior neuroscientists. Collectively, thesechapters document the steep rise of a bold venture in biomedicalresearch, as it played out in the late 20th century. Individually, they aretreasures, for they are cast in that irresistible and uniquely human form ofexpression: the story. As such, they connect the dots along paths of scientificdiscovery, but they also convey the human elements behind those connections, the rich drama and comedy of interpersonal relationships, the suddenflashes of insight, the folly of hubris and the pain of missed opportunities,the beauty of new ideas and the raw excitement of discovery. These arestories populated by imposing and quirky characters, magnified by thelenses of memory and attention. There are tales of brilliance, fantasy, risk,sacrifice, triumph, and camaraderie, but the theme that binds every oneof the chapters in this volume is success. Thus not only do these chaptersentertain in the way that only good stories can, they also offer appealingmodels and nuanced lessons for success in the human side of science for thenext generation of vanguards in our field.In this new volume, Tom Albright joins Larry Squire in the role ofcoeditor. It was through Larry’s inspiration and farsighted vision that theseries was founded over 20 years ago. Beginning with publication of the firstvolume in 1996, Larry’s passion for history and his devotion to neurosciencehave yielded an expanding library of autobiographical chapters that, withthis new volume, now numbers 130. There are many more great stories inthe making, of course, as the field of neuroscience bounds ahead, and welook forward to curating them in these pages.Volume 9 was prepared with the advice of the Publications Committeeof the Society for Neuroscience, which serves as editorial board for theproject. With input from the committee, from the Council of the Society forNeuroscience, and many others, names were compiled for this volume.Beginning with volume 8 in this series, the Society for Neuroscienceassumed full responsibility for the project. Volume 9 was produced under thecapable direction of Suzanne Rosenzweig (director of scientific publications),with project management handled by Jackie Perry (senior publicationsmanager). The contents of the volume will be posted on the Society’s Website, under the “About SfN” menu tab , where one can also find the 118 autobiographical chaptersBK-SFN-HON V9-160105-FM.indd 135/7/2016 2:55:36 PM
xivPreface to Volume 9that appeared in the first eight volumes. Copies of volume 9 will also beavailable for purchase. We hope readers will find volume 9 as interestingand useful as the earlier volumes.Thomas D. Albright and Larry R. SquireDel Mar, CaliforniaMarch 2016BK-SFN-HON V9-160105-FM.indd 145/7/2016 2:55:36 PM
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Neuroscience in Autobiography, is the first major publishing venture by the Society for Neuroscience after The Journal of Neuroscience. The book proj-ect was prepared with the active cooperation of the Committee on the His-tory of Neuroscience, which serves as an editorial board for the project. The
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