Bioresources And Indigenous Knowledge In Assam
BIORESOURCES ANDINDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGEIN ASSAM : POTENTIAL FORINCOME GENERATION2002
BIORESOURCES AND INDIGENOUSKNOWLEDGE IN ASSAM : POTENTIALFOR INCOME GENERATIONJ-235/A, Sainik FarmKhanpurNew Delhi-110062Phone - 6517248, Fax: 6965961Email: genecamp@vsnl.com
Gene Campaign has conducted a survey in selected locations in Assam. The purposewas to document bioresources and indigenous knowledge to assess the potential forincome generation. The study was conducted in three communities of Assam viz.Ahom, Mishing and Tiwa. The study on the Ahom community was conducted in thedistrict of Golaghat in Assam; study on the Mishing community was conducted in theSonitpur district in Assam and that of the Tiwa community in Morigaon and in theadjoining Nagaon and Karbi Anglong districts of AssamOBJECTIVE:There were two objectives of conducting the study. Firstly the study aimed toestablish and place on record that this body of knowledge exists in the public domain.And secondly, to ensure that this knowledge and the biological resources are theproperty of the indigenous people of Assam, belonging to the respective areas.Placing and establishing the source of this knowledge as that belonging to theindigenous communities will be the strongest evidence against the patent claimsmade by the corporate sector and also to prevent private companies from exploitingthe knowledge of the indigenous communities without paying them anything inreturn. It is important to establish their claim to share in the profits made fromdifferent products like herbal drugs, cosmetics etc. which use indigenous knowledge.METHODOLOGY OF STUDY:Local youth with a high school education were selected to conduct the survey. Teamscomprising of a male and female member, each were selected for conducting thesurvey on the Ahom and the Tiwa Communities, respectively. For the survey on theMishing Community, a team of four members (one female and three males) wereselected.The teams were given field training in the objectives of the survey and the methodsthat would be required to draw information. The teams used a standardisedquestionnaire to conduct the survey. This questionnaire has been used by GeneCampaign in all the earlier studies on indigenous knowledge, conducted in Jharkhand,Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh. The teams were also asked to assure the peoplethey questioned that the knowledge obtained from them would remain their propertyand would not be exploited for commercial gains and that no use would be allowedwithout obtaining their permission.The survey on the Ahom Community was conducted in Bokaghat block underGolaghat district. Fifteen villages were chosen for the study.The survey on the Mishing Community was conducted in the blocks- Balipara,Chatia, Chaiduar, Jamugurihat, Joisiddhi, Kekokuli Miri Pathar I, Kekokuli MiriPathar II, Morikuti, Mayong, Mukali, Rangajaan, Rihajuli and Sonaimili.The survey on the Tiwa Community was conducted in fourteen villages, eleven ofwhich falls under the Morigaon district viz. Dewshal, Kuthury, Dapuniburi, Paschim
Nagaon, Silchang, Nelle, Borgaon, Jagiroad, Beltola, Kumarbori and Makaria; twovillages under Karbi Anglong district viz. Pumakuchi and Amsoi and one village inNaagon district viz. Kekuragaon.RESULTS:The data on the use of flora and fauna were colleted from the survey forms. Theinformation on the use of bio-resources has been organised in a table under variousheads as below:Human DiseaseAnimal DiseasePlant DiseaseMiscellaneousA number of plants were mentioned in the survey questionnaires as being used forvarious purposes. The uses of animals, fishes and insects are also listed. Local healingtraditions have not been documented because when we approached the traditionalhealers to gather information on the traditional healing methods, they showedreluctance in sharing their information with us. They firmly believed that we would bestealing away their secrets.Background Information about the area of Study (Ahoms):Ahoms are Tai people who had settled in the Upper Assam part of the BrahmaputraValley during 1228. They belong to the Mongoloid, group. Numerically, the TaiAhoms are the largest group of Tai in India with a population of around 3 million andare mainly concentrated in the Upper Assam region in the districts of Golaghat,Jorhat, Sibsagar, Lakhimpur etc.Agriculture is the main occupation of the Ahoms inhabiting villages. Agriculturallands are suitable mainly for wet paddy cultivation. Besides agriculture, raising oflivestocks such as buffaloes, pigs etc. weaving, metal works, pottery etc. are some ofthe other means of livelihood.The Ahoms are still monitoring traditional folk medicines like their traditional culture.The Ahoms living in remote villages far away from town have mostly to depend ontraditional medicines for curing their ailments. Generally, almost all the maturedAhom people of the villages possess some kind of knowledge of use of herbs asmedicines. The knowledge of medicinal herbs and treating ailments of the Tai Ahomis often rather specialised, limited to a few members of the community which arerecognized as Mo Ya Tai or Chow Mo or Mo Lung or Sara in Tai language. Most ofthe old women know the use of herbal medicines to cure the deceases related towomen in birth, menstruation and other complications.Although the Ahoms are maintaining their traditional cultural pattern, some changeshave been noted in their life and culture. Changes are noticed in respect to theirreligious beliefs and practices as well. The Ahom dialect is a blend of Tai Ahom andAssamese language.
The Forest:The forests have a canopy of a large variety of tropical trees under which is found anumber of flora and fauna. The important species of trees are: Sal, Sonaru, Margosa,Simalu, Bamboo, Papaya, Jackfruit, Banana, Mango, Indian-Plum, Citrus Trees, Siju,Custard Apple, Jambolan, Coconut, Ficus, Chegun, Leteku etc.The world famous Kaziranga Wildlife Sanctury under Golaghat district falls under thearea of study.Results:A total 0f 120 plants were mentioned in the survey questionnaires as being used bythe Ahoms for various medicinal purposes.Background Information about the area of study (Mishings):The Miris, also known as Mishings, are the second largest group of Scheduled tribe(plains) of Assam. They are mainly concentrated in the areas of Lakhimpur, Sibsagar,Jorhat and Sonitpur.The Mishings are medium statured people with appealing features belonging to theTibeto Burman family of the Mongoloid group. The main occupation of the Mishingsis agriculture. Agricultural lands are suitable mainly for Ahu cultivation and thepeople relish the Ahu rice which is their staple food. Besides paddy, they produce andconsume mustard seeds, potato, maize etc. as subsidiary crop.The Mishings perform certain religious ceremonies connected with agriculture, thegreatest being ‘Ali-Ai-Ligang’ which is observed before sowing the seeds. Others like‘Sarag Puja’ is performed in the middle cultivation and ‘Dabus Puja’ is observed as apost harvesting socio-religious festival. They worship ‘Kuber’ whom they believe tobe the goddess of wealth and agriculture. Locally brewed rice beer called ‘Apang’ isalso taken by the Mishings.The Mishing women are also involved in transportation and weeding of crops. Theyare also engaged in rearing pigs, poultry etc. and thereby improving the economiccondition of the respective families.Although the Mishings are maintaining the traditional pattern including theirlanguage, some changes have been noticed in their life and culture. Changes arenoticed in terms of their religious beliefs and practices, as Vaishnavism has penetratedinto their culture. Due to contact with the outside world, the Mishings are graduallyentering into avocations and the old simple unsophisticated way of life becomes acasualty.The Mishing Villages are located in far flung riverine areas and one will fine medicaldispensary or sub centre in the central place of the villages. The villagers are nowadopting allopathic treatment for almost all the illnesses. However for some minorillnesses they depend upon traditional physicians.The Forest:
The forests have a canopy of a large variety of tropical trees under which there are anumber of species of flora and fauna. The important species of plants are Sal, Silk,Cotton, Teak, Bamboo, Gomari, Aamari, Poma, Wood-apple, Coconut, Mango,Jackfruit, Kdam. Tarua Kadam, Date-palm, Jambolan, Tararind, Litchi, Sissoo,Metkai, Bonchum, Tita Sap, Koroh, Juturi, Uriam, Kokhom, Mekhuri phim, Papaya,Indian plum etc.Fauna of the forests include Elephant, Tiger, Bear, Deer, Monkey , different speciesof birds, python etc. ‘Results:A total of 190 plants were mentioned in the survey questionnaires as being used bythe Mishings for various medicinal purposes.Background Information about the area of Study (Tiwas):The Lalungs, also known as the Tiwas are a group of Scheduled Tribe. They aremainly found in the districts of Morigaon, Nagaon, Lakhimpur and Sibsagar districtsof Assam. The Tiwa villages in these regions are established in the plain areas whilethe Tiwa villages of the Karbi Anglong district are situated either in the hilly areas orin the foothills. The Tiwa villages area intersparsed with non Tiwa villages. Most ofthese villages can be approached by a well organised road connection.The Tiwa’s are medium statured, strong built and generally white complexionedpeople, characteristic feature of the Mongoloid. Agriculture is the main stay of theTiwas. ‘Jhum Cultivation’ is practiced by the Lalungs living in the hilly areas. But theLalungs in the of the plain areas practice ‘Sali’ paddy cultivation, which is the majorcrop among the plains Lalungs. ‘Ahu’ and ‘Bao’ paddies are also grown on a limitedscale. The Lalungs also grow some quantities of sesame, matimal, mustard, arum,turmeric, ginger, brinjal etc.Certain religious ceremonies like ‘Dhanar Muthi Lowa’ is observed by the Lalungs inconnection with starting of agricultural operations. Community harvesting is commonamong the Lalungs.Rice is the staple food of the Lalungs. Their two major meals consist of rice andvegetables. Meat, fish and eggs are included in their menu. Fowl and pork are theother delicacies. Roots and creepers are also taken by the Lalungs. Rice beer or ‘Zu’is also common.The Tiwa or the Lalung women folk are experts in weaving. They are also expert intransplanting and weeding crops. The hill Lalungs have been able to preserve theirtraditional life and culture but the plain Lalungs, because of their large scle contactwith non Lalungs are loosing much of their traditional traits. Almost all the plainsLalungs have forgotten their language and their overall living pattern ahs changedbecause of close affinity with those of non tribals. Vaishnavism has penetrated intothe religious faith of the plain Lalungs.
The Forest:The forests have a canopy of a large variety of tropical trees under which there are anumber of species of flora and fauns. The important species of trees are: Margosa,Papaya, Coconut, Mango, Jackfruit, Banana, Guava, Betel nut, Emblic myrobalan,Chebulic myrobalan, Litchi, Apple, Jambolan, Shaddock, Pineapple, Sandle wood,Bamboo, Sugarcane, Cane trees, Sal, Aagar, Wyne, Gomari, Chegun, Tita Sap, Bogi,Poma, Rongi Poma etc.Fauna of the forests include Elephant, Tiger, Deer, Lion, Bear, Monkey, differentspecies of birds, snakes etc.Results:A total of 135 plants were mentioned in the survey questionnaires as being used bythe Tiwas for various medicinal purposes.
AHOM COMMUNITYVillage No.1Name of the Village: KohoraCircle: BokakhatBlock: BokakhatDistrict: GolaghatPin Code: 781 109I. HUMAN DISEASESl.Name ofNoDisease1Caries2Cough3JaundicePlant/Animal UsedPart UsedPreparation andAdministration1. MusaRottenAdd 3-5 gms. of hingbulbisianaRhizomepowder to paste of rottenC.N. Bananarhizome of banana. MixA.N. Bheemkolthese two ingredients. ApplyL.N. Bheemkolpaste on the cheek thatinwardly faces the2. Ferula assaHingtooth/teeth.foetida(Obtained(Note:-Apply paste in theC.N. Asafoetidafrom roots)morning. Do not brush teethA.N. Hingbefore application of paste.L.N. HingThe patient should face thecheek where paste is appliedtowards the sun.)Musa bulbisianaBanana(fruit) Burn banana skin to get theSkinash. Add a little mustard oilC.N. BananaA.N. Bheemkolto ash. Take a teaspoon ofmixture once a day in emptyL.N. Bheemkolstomach for three days.1.Nyctanthes arbor- LeafMix a handful of leaves, 10tritisgms.of ginger rhizome andC.N. Night Jasmine10 pieces of clove GrindA.N. Sewali Phoolthem together. Make smallpills out of ground materialL.N. Sewali phooland take 1pill twice a dayfor 3 days
2. Zingiber officinaleC.N. GingerA.N. AadaL.N. Aada3. SyzyziumarmaticumC.N. CloveA.N. LaungL.N. LaungRhizomeDried flowerbuds4Gonorrhoea 1. Mimosa pudicaLeucorrhoea C.N. Sensitive PlantA.N. LajukilotaL.N. LajukilotaRootTake 2-3 pieces of root (23”). Grind (add a little waterwhile grinding), squeeze outjuice from paste and takejuice for 3 days.5Urinarystoneformation.Phyllanthus niruriC.N.A.N. Bhui AmlokhiL.N. Bhui AmlokhiLeaf6Sore EyesArachis hypogeaC.N.:- PeanutA.N.China BadamL.N.BadamFruitTake a few leaves, grind,squeeze out the juice frompaste. Consume ateaspoonful of juice twice aday for 3-4 days.Soak 4-5 nuts in a glass ofwater for a night. Next day,grind the nuts, add paste tothe same glass of water, stir,strain and consume the sameonce a day for 3 days.
II. ANIMAL DISEASESl.Name ofPlant/Animal UsedNoDisease1. Insect borne Basella rubradisease inC.N.:- Indian spinachcowsA.N.PuroiL.N.PuroiPart UsedTwigPreparation andAdministrationHang a twig of Indian spinachplant around the cow’s ear.
VILLAGE NO. 2Name of the village :- DumjanCircle :- BokakhatBlock :- BokakhatP.O. :- KazirangaDistrict :- GolaghatPIN code:- 785 109I.HUMAN DISEASESl.Name ofNoDisease1. Backache2.Crataeva nurvalaC.N.:A.N.:- hage6.Jaundice7.Plant/Animal UsedGonorrhoea,Leucorrhoea(Dhatu)C.N.:A.N.:- BobosabonL.N.:-BobosabonLeucas asperaC.N.:A.N.:- DoronL.N.:-DoronMoringa oleiferaC.N.:- DrumstickA.N.:- SajinaL.N.:- SajinaEclipta albaC.N.:A.N.:- KehorajL.N.:- Kehoraj1.Costus speciosusC.N.:-Spiral flagA.N.:- JomlakhutiL.N.:- Jomlakhuti2. Curcuma longaC.N.:- TurmericA.N.:- HalodhiL.N. :-Halodhi1. Curcuma longaC.N.:- TurmericA.N.:- HalodhiL.N. :- HalodhiPart UsedLeafPreparation andAdministrationTake 250 gms juice of leavesonce a day in empty stomachfor 3 days.Whole plant Uproot a whole plant whileholding the breath and burn it.LeafInhale juice of leaves.LeafTake fried leaves with meal(rice) or in empty stomach.LeafTake a cupful of juice ofleaves once a day in emptystomach for 3 days.TuberTake 5” of tuber and 10-15gms. of rhizome, grind thesetogether, squeeze paste forjuice take a glassful of juiceonce a day in empty stomachfor 3 days.RhizomeRhizomeGrind 20 gms of rhizome,add 250 gms. of milk to it, stirand take preparation once a
8.Diarrhoea9Otorrhea10.Pneumonia11.To hastenparturition12.Intermittentfever(Paal jwor)2. CowA.N.:- GoruMilkday in empty stomach for 3days.Moringa oleiferaC.N.:- DrumstickA.N.:- SojinaMoringa oleiferaC.N.:- DrumstickA.N.:- Sojina1.C.N.:A.N.:(Guti Dorob)2. Piper nigrumC.N.:-Black pepperA.N.:- JalukHibiscus rosasinensisC.N.:- China roseA.N.:- Joba (Rongajoba)Leucas asperaC.N.:A.N.:- DoronBarkTake 100 gms juice of barkonce a day in empty stomachfor 3 days.Apply 2-3 drops of juice ofbark (facing the southerndirection) on the ear.Mix a teaspoonful of groundtuber and a ground driedpepperberry.Takepreparation once aday inempty stomach for 3 days.BarkTuberDried berryFlower budChew 3 buds at a time whileholding the breath.RootTie a piece of root with athread around the neck.(Note : Take root pointingtowardsthesoutherndirection).
II. ANIMAL DISEASESl.Name ofPlant/Animal UsedNoDisease1. Insect borne (i)Prunus persicadiseasein C.N.:- PeachcowsA.N.:- Ahom bogori(ii) NicotianatobacumC.N.:- TobaccoA.N.:- Kola sadha(iii) Allium sativumC.N.:- GarlicA.N.:- Rosun/NohoruPart UsedLeafLeafBulbPreparation andAdministrationMix together 10-12 leaves of(i) ., a smallpart of a leaf of tobacco and5-6 cloves of garlic. Grindand apply paste over theaffected area.
III. PLANT DISEASESl.Name ofPlant/Animal UsedNoDisease1. Insect borne 1. Vitex negundodiseasein C.N.:Paddy crops A.N.:- Pasatia2.C.N.:A.N.:ShyamsholokhaShyamsholokhaPart UsedTwigTwigPreparation andAdministrationPlant a twig in the paddyfield.Plant a twig in the paddyfield.Excreta2.3. GoatC.N.:A.N.:- SagoliCoconut tree Cowtops attacked A.N.Goruby insects.MilkMix milk and salt in the ratioof 2:1 and pour over tree tops.
VILLAGE No. 3Name of the village :- ChepenakhubuwaCircle :- BokakhatBlock :- BokakhatP.O. :-KazirangaDist. :- GolaghatPIN :- 785 109.I. HUMAN DISEASESl.No1.Name ofDiseaseBackache2.Cancer(Malignantulcer)A.N. ant/Animal UsedPlumbago zeylanicaC.N.:A.N.:- Aagyasit(i)ClerodendruminfortunatumC.N.:A.N.:- Dhopat tita(ii)C.N.:A.N.:- PhuthkuraPsidium guayavaC.N.:- GuavaA.N.:- ModhuriamSalmalia malbaricaC.N.:A.N.:- SimaluPartUsedTwigPreparation andAdministrationTie a twig around the waist.LeafMix equal quantities ofleaves of both plants, grindsqueeze out juice from pasteand apply juice over theaffected area.LeafPlant tipBark(ii)C.N.:- CowA.N.:- Goru(i)C.N.:A.N.:- PhutkuraMilk(ii)C.N.:A.N.:- Ronga Era(iii) CerodendruminfortunatumC.N.:A.N.:- Bhet-tita,Dhopat-tita(i) Citrus limonC.N.:- LemonA.N.:- Kazi nemuPlant tipPlant tipTake decoction of juiceevery morning in emptystomach for 3 days.Grind one inch of bark (adda little water while grinding),add paste to 125 gms ofMilk,stirandtakepreparationinemptystomach for 3 days.Mix 9:7:9 tips of each ofplant, grind and apply pasteover the affected area for 3days.Plant tipLeafMix 101 lemon leaves with125 gms of banana rhizomeand 5 gms of sugar, grind,
(ii) Musa bulbisianaC.N.:- BananaA.N.:- Bheem kol(iii)C.N.:- CowA.N.:- Goru(iv)C.N.:- RhinocerosA.N.:- Gorh7.8.9.Giddiness andVomitingC.N.:A.N.:- EgeruaGonorrhoea,(i) Ocimum sanctumLeucorrhoeaC.N.:- Sacred basilA.N.:- Tulashi(ii) Piper betleC.N. Betel leafA.N. PanHaemorrhage (i) ArtocarpusheterophyllusC.N.:- Jack treeA.N.:- Kothal(ii) Piper nigrumC.N.:-Black PepperA.N.:- Jaluk(i)C.N.:A.N.:- Dhekia10.Headache11.JaundiceRhizomeMilkadd a little quantity ofrhino’s urine or cow’s milkto paste and consumemixture once a day for 3days.UrineRootWear three pieces of root asa necklace.RootTake 3 inches of Basil rootand chew it with a betel leafI empty stomach once a dayfor 20 days.LeafRootDriedberryRoot(ii) Piper nigrumC.N.:-Black PepperA.N.:- Jaluk(i) ImpatientsbalsaminaC.N.:A.N.:- Koria bijolDriedberry(i) Costus speciosusC.N.:A.N.:- Jom Lakhuti(ii)C.N.:- CowA.N.:- Goru2.(i) Curcuma caesiaC.N.:-Black zeddaryA.N.:- Kola halodhiTuber,LeafRootMilkRhizomeTake 3” of root, 3 peppergrind (add a little waterwhile grinding), squeeze outjuice from paste and takejuice every morning inempty stomach for 3 days.Take 3 pieces of root (4”each) and 15 pepper berries.Grind the two, squeeze outjuice from paste and takejuice once a day in emptystomach for 3 days.Take 3-4” of root (poitingtowards the south), soak inwater, grind, squeeze outjuice from paste and takejuice once a day in emptystomach for 3 days.Grind 6 inches of tuber with125 gms palm candy, addmixture to 125 gms of milk,stir, strain and consumepreparation once a day inempty stomach for 3 days.Grind 10 gms of rhizome, 3inches of root and one leaf(add a little water while
12.13.14.15.(ii)Sida rhombifoliaC.N.:-Broom jutesidaA.N.:- Shun boriaal(iii)C.N.:A.N.:- Mitha paatTotreatBryophyllumkidney/urinarpinnatumystone C.N.:-Sprout leafformationplantA.N.:- .:A.N.:- Massundori(ii)Curcuma caesiaC.N.:A.N.:- Kola halodhi(iii)Acorus calamusC.N.:- Sweet flagA.N.:- BochOtorrhea(i)C.N.:A.N.:- Nilkot(ii) Cocos nuciferaC.N.:- CoconutA.N.:- NarikolPiles1.(i)PhaseolusmungaC.N.:- Black gramA.N.:- Mati dal(ii)C.N.:A.N.:- Magur maach(iii)C.N.:A.N.:- Bonda Kesu2.(i) Carica papayaC.N.:- PapayaA.N.:- Amita(ii) MusaparadisiacaC.N.:- BananaA.N.:- Kol (Malbhog)3.(i)Curcuma caesiaC.N.:-Black zeddaryA.N.:-Kola halodhiRootgrinding), squeeze out juicefrom paste and take juiceonce a day in empty stomachfor 3 days.LeafLeafRootRhizomeLeafLeafOilWholefishGrind 21 leaves, add 125gms palm candy to it whilegrinding. Consume mixtureonce a day in empty stomachfor 3 days.Take 4” of root, 5-8 gms ofrhizome, a leaf of sweet flagplant, grind these together(add a little water whilegrinding), squeeze out juicefrom paste and take juiceonce a day in empty stomachfor 3 days.Crush a few leaves, squeezeout juice, add a drop ofcoconut oil to juice, mixthoroughly, then administer2-3 drops at a time for 3days.1. Cut the head portion ofearthworm into 3 pieces (11/2” each) add 3 fishes and125 gms. of to it. Boil thesein a litre of water. Takepreparation thrice a day inempty stomach for 3 days.HeadBudRootRhizome2. Take 3 papaya buds, 3” ofbanana root and 50 gmssugar, grind these togetherand take preparation once aday in empty stomach for 3days.Take equal quantities ofrhizome, grind. Take equalquantities of rhizome of each
16.17.PneumoniaRheumatism(ii) ZingiberofficinaleC.N.:- GingerA.N.:- Aada(iii) Acorus calamusC.N.:- Sweet flagA.N.:- Boch(iv)Costus speciousC.N.:A.N.:- Jomlakhuti(v)C.N.:A.N.:- Tarabaghini(i) Caesalpinia cristaC.N.:- Fever nutA.N.:- Leta guti(ii) Piper longumC.N.:- Long pepperA.N.:- Pipoli(iii)Piper nigrumC.N.:-Black PepperA.N.:- Jaluk(iv) Allium sativumC.N.:- GarlicA.N.:- Rasun(v)C.N.:A.N.:- Tita bahok(i) CissusquadrangularisC.N.:A.N.:- Haar jura(ii) Lens culinarisC.N.:- LentilA.N.:- Masur dalRhizomeplant, grind, squeeze, pastefor juice. Take juice inempty stomach for 3 days.RhizomeRhizomeRhizomeSeedPipoliMix 1:3:6:3:1 of each plantpart, grind and make pillsout of ground material. Takea pill in empty stomach for 3days.DriedberryClovePlant tipWholeplantGrain(iii) Piper nigrumC.N.:-Black PepperA.N.:- JalukDriedberry(iv) Piper longumC.N.:- Long pepperA.N.:- PipoliDriedberryTakeaplantofC.quadrangularis (having 9internodes), 500 gms lentils,100 gms pepper, 5 longpepper & 500 gms mustardoil. Grind these together.Make small pills out ofground material. Take a pillwith a glass of luke-warmwater in empty stomach oncea day for 3 days.
18.Measles/Chicken Pox19.Tonsillitis20.Topreventvomiting21.(L.N. Pobah)22.Intermittentfever(L.N.PaalJwor)Ncytanthes arbortritisC.N.:- Night jasmineA.N.:- Sewali(i) Ananus comosusC.N.:- PineappleA.N.:- Mati KothalRootTie a piece of root aroundthe neck or wrist or arm.Fruit1(i) Cajanus CajanC.N.:- Pigeon peaA.N.:- Rohor Mah(ii)ZingiberofficinaleC.N.:- GingerA.N.:- Aada(iii) Allium sativumC.N.:- GarlicA.N.:- Rasun2.C.N.:A.N.:- Dudhmur lotaEuphorbia nerifoliaC.N.:A.N.:- Siju(i) Coix lachrymajobiC.N.:- Job’s tearsA.N.:- KaurmoniC.N.:- Eri CocoonA.N.:- Eri poloriaLeafTake 2 unripe pineapplesand 125 gms palm candy.Grind these together. Takepreparation once a day inempty stomach for 3 days.Take 5:1:1 of the juice ofthese parts of plants add 50gms honey (for 50 gmsjuice) to juice. Takepreparation once a day inempty stomach for 3 days.RhizomeCloveCreeperTie a piece of creeper aroundthe neck.PlantMake a ring out of it andwear it.RootCut 3 pieces of root (1”each), put the pieces insidethe cocoon, tie it with athread around the neck of thepatient.Cocoon
II. ANIMAL DISEASE :Sl.No1.Name ofDiseaseInsect bornediseaseincows2.Fracture3.Flatulence incowsPlant/Animal Used(i)Mentha viridisC.N.:- SpearmintA.N.:- Pudina(ii) Prunus persicaC.N.:- PeachA.N.:- Ahom bogoriCissusquadrangularisC.N.:A.N.:- HaarjuraPiper betleC.N.:- Betel leafA.N.:- PaanPartUsedLeafPreparation andAdministrationApply juice of leaves overthe affected area.LeafApply juice of leaves mixedwith a little sugar over theaffected area.Tie the creeper on theopposite part of the body(e.g. If the left leg is injuredtie the creeper on the rightleg).Feed juice of 3 leaves at atime for 3 days.CreeperLeaf
Village No. 4Name of the village :- LakhipurCircle :- BokakhatBlock :- BokakhatP.O. :- KazirangaDist. :- GolaghatPIN :- 785 109.I. HUMAN DISEASE :Sl.No1.Name ofDiseaseAbdominalgripsPlant/Animal Used2.Cold(i)Leucas asperaC.N.:A.N.:- DurunFlower3.Diarrhoea(i)Psidium guayavaC.N.:- GuavaA.N.:- Modhuri aamTendertwig4.DysenteryLeaf5.Fever(in children)6.Fever(in adults)(i)C.N.:A.N.:- Shyamsalakha(i)C.N.:A.N.:- Bobocha bon(i)Oryza sativaC.N.:- RiceA.N.:- Chaul(ii)Allium sativumC.N.:- GarlicA.N.:- Nohoru(iii) EupatoriumodoratumC.N.:A.N.:- Germany lotaCassia toraC.N.:A.N.:-Toruwa twigPreparation and DosageTake a root pointing towardsthe southern direction, grind,squeeze ground material forjuice, take half a teaspoon ofjuice thrice a day.Mix juice of 5-6 flowerswith 1 teaspoon honey.Consume medicine once aday in empty stomach for 3days.Take 6-7 twigs, grind,squeeze paste for juice, add alittle salt and consume juiceonce a day in empty stomachfor 3 days.Take juice of 6 or 7 leavesonce a day in empty stomachfor 3 days.Tie a plant on the arm orwrist of the ailing child.Take 5 or 6 rice grains, 2 or3 garlic cloves and tendertwig. Grind these together,squeeze ground material forjuice and consume juiceonce a day in empty stomachfor 3 days.
7.HaemorrhageEclipta rWear a creeper around Aagyasit(ii)Carica unisC.N.Castor plantA.N.Era gochL.N.Era goch(i)ZingiberzerumbentC.N.GingerA.N.Moran aadaL.N.Moran aadaRootTake equal pieces of root ofeach of these plants. Tiethese with a thread aroundthe neck of patient.(ii)Ocimum sanctumC.N.Sacred basilA.N.TulashiL.N.TulashiLeaf(iii)Aegle marmelosC.N.Wood-appleA.N.Bael gochL.N.Bael gochLeafCentella asiaticaC.N.IndianpennywortA.N.Bor manimuniL.N.Bor manimuniWholeplant9.10.MalariaOttorheaMix 250 gms juice of plantwith 25 gms sugar, stir,strain and consume syruponce a day in empty stomachfor 3 days.Take juice of 7 or 9 leavesonce a day in emptystomach for 3 days.RootRootRhizomeGrind 10 gms ofrhizome,squeeze out juicefrom paste, add 20 gmshoney and 50 gms juice ofbasil and wood-apple leaves.Take mixture once daily inempty stomach for 3 days.Apply 2-3 drops of juice onthe ear.
11.Pneumonia1.(i)C.N.A.N. Guti dorob(ii) Piper nigrumC.N. PepperA.N. JalukDriedberry2.(i) EuphorbianeriifoliaC.N.A.N. Siju(ii) DaturastramoniumC.N. Thorn-appleA.N. Dhatura(iii) CalotropisgigantiaC.N. MadanA.N. Aakon(iv) Leucas asperaC.N.A.N. Doron(v)C.N.A.N. Ubhota(vi) ZingiberofficinaleC.N. GingerA.N. Aada(vii) Cannabis sativaC.N. HempA.N. Bhang3.(i) Piper nigrumC.N. PepperA.N. Jaluk(ii) ZingiberofficinaleC.N. GingerA.N. Aada(iii) CalotropisgiganteanC.N. MadarA.N. Aakon(iv) EuphorbianeriifoliaC.N.A.N. SijuLeafLeafTake 3 . Add11-13 pepper, a pinch of toit. Grind these together andmake pills out of it. Take 1pill daily in empty stomachfor 3 days.(Note : take pill withlukewarm water).Take 1 inch of root andrhizome, a leaf of (i), (ii),(iii), (iv)& (vii). Grind thesetogether, squeeze out juicefrom paste. Take 2 teaspoonjuice once daily before sleepfor 3 days.LeafRoot, leafRhizomeLeafDriedberryRhizomeLeafLeafTake 10 gms plant parts ofeach of these plants, grindthese together. Make pillsout of ground material. Takea pill daily till cured.
(v) Leucas asperaC.N.A.N. Doron(vi) Cannabis sativaC.N. HempA.N. Bhang(vii) DaturastramoniumC.N. Thorm-appleA.N. Dhatura12.AbdominalgripsTenderleafLeafRootC.N.A.N. Tarua kadamTake a root pointing towardsthe southern direction, grind,squeeze out juice frompaste, take half a teaspoonof juice thrice a day.
II.Sl.No1.ANIMAL DISEASES :Name ofPlant/Animal UsedDiseaseEye ailment in (i) Baccaurea sapidacowsC.N.A.N. LetekuPart UsedPreparation and DosageTwigWear a 4 inch long twigaround the neck of cow.GumThe gum is used in pastinglabels on copies, books, etc.MiscellaneousGumArtocarpusheterophyllusC.N. Jack treeA.N. Kothal
Village No. 5Name of the village :- LukhurakhoniaCircle :- BokakhatBlock :- BokakhatP.O. :- Kaziranga MohporaDist. :- GolaghatPIN :- 785 109.I. HUMAN DISEASES :Sl.No1.Name ofDiseaseAsthmaPlant/Animal UsedPart Used(i) Ricimus communisC.N. Castor plantA.N. Era goch(ii)C.N.A.N. Phutkora(iii) Punica granatumC.N. PomagranateA.N. Dalim(iv)PsidiumguayavaC.N. GuavaA.N. Modhuriam(v) Zizyphus jujubaC.N. Indian plumA.N. BogoriCassia fistulaC.N. Indian laburnumA.N. SonaruPlant tipsPlant tipsPlant tipsPlant tipsTenderleafConstipation3.Cough(infants)Ocimum sanctumC.N. Sacred basilA.N. TulashiPlant tip4.Dog bites(i)C.N.A.N. Koladhatura(ii) Eclipta albaC.N.A.N. KeharajLeafFire injuryLeafWormC.N. EarthwormA.N. KesuTake 2-3 plant tips of eachplant, grind these together,squeeze out juice frompaste, add a little salt tojuice and take the medicine.Plant tips2.5.Preparation and DosageTake 3 leaves, grind,squeeze out juice frompaste, heat and consumejuice.Take 3-4 plant tips, grind,squeeze out juice frompaste, add 1 teaspoon honeyto juice and consume themedicine.Take 3 leaves of (i) .and a handful of leaves of(ii) plant. Mix themtogether, grind, squeeze outjuice from paste and takejuice in empty stomach for 3days.Boil an earthworm, straindecoction. Burn a littleportion of skin. Mix the two
(ii) IguanaA.N. Gui6.JaundiceAmaranthus spinosusC.N. PricklyamarnathRootC.N. CowA.N. Goru7.Otorrhea(i) Drymaria cordataC.N.A.N. LaijaboriLeaf2.(i) Citrus sp.C.N.A.N. NoltengaRoot(ii) AlocasiaPlant tipand apply preparation overthe affected area.(Note : Apply medicine withthe help of a cock feather.)Take 6 inch of root, cut rootinto small pieces, soakpieces in water, grind,squeeze out juice frompaste. Add 250 gms milk tojuice and consume medicineonce a day in emptystomach for 3 days.Apply 3-4 drops of leaf juicein the ear daily till recovery.Take 2 inc
Add 3-5 gms. of hing powder to paste of rotten rhizome of banana. Mix these two ingredients. Apply paste on the cheek that inwardly faces the tooth/teeth. (Note:-Apply paste in the morning. Do not brush teeth before application of paste. The patient should face the cheek where paste is applied towards the sun.) 2. Ferula assa-foetida C.N .
2.5 Telling the story of Indigenous rights in Australia 2.6 Patterns in Indigenous and non-Indigenous relation 2.7 Exploring the timeline of Indigenous and non-Indigenous history 03 The intervention and human rights Worksheets: 3.1 The Amperlatwaty walk-off 3.2 The intervention and human rights 04 Land and Indigenous Peoples’ rights Worksheets:
3. Why are indigenous foods and food systems important? 20 3.1 Indigenous foods play in important health and nutrition role 20 3.2 Indigenous food systems enhance resilience 22 3.3 Indigenous foods have important cultural significance 23 4. Doing more to promote indigenous foods 24 4.1 The policy context 24 4.2 Re-valuing indigenous foods 25 5.
Feed for indigenous chicken from week 9 to onset of lay 3.5 Indigenous (Kienyeji) finisher diet Feed for indigenous chicken from 8 weeks to slaughter 3.6 Indigenous (Kienyeji) layer diet Feed for indigenous chicken from onset of lay 4 Requirements 4.1 General Requirements 4.1.1 Kienyeji Feed may be in form of a meal (or mash), crumbs or pellets.
Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada; Crop Development Centre, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of
3. Building on Indigenous Knowledge Jennie de Groat, Northern Arizona University Eastburn 204 Indigenous knowledge (IK) can act as a powerful tool in building an environ-ment for Indigenous language teaching and learning. Language learning environments built on the learners’ and communities’ knowledge enhances and recognizes these value .
Indigenous epistemologies. What matters to Indigenous peoples in education is that children, youth, adults and Elders have the opportunity to develop their gifts in a respectful space. It means that all community members are able to contribute to society (Indigenous and non-Indigenous) and are physically, emotionally, intellectually and spiritually
entrepreneurshIp: how IndIgenous knowIng, beIng and doIng shapes entrepreneurIal practIce Jason Paul Mika learning outcomes At the end of this chapter, you will be able to: 1. Understand why Indigenous entrepreneurship is special, unique and different 2. Discuss definitions of Indigenous entrepreneurship and formulate a view of your own 3.
how hip hop functions as a tool of decolonization for both Indigenous and non-Indigenous peoples. Indigenous activist and scholar Charity Marsh's reasoning for . the National Gallery of Canada in 2013, and Ghost Dance: Activism. Resistance. Art. by Indigenous curator Steve Loft at the Ryerson Image Center in 2013. 6 culture.
