CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION - Cole-Parmer
CHAPTER 1INTRODUCTIONCongratulations on your purchase of a LabconcoCentriVap DNA Concentrator System. Models areavailable for operation on 115V or 230V.The CentriVap Concentrator uses centrifugal force withheat and vacuum to rapidly dry precipitates of DNAand RNA samples. Centrifugation eliminates bumpingand foaming as vacuum is applied and also concentratesthe solute in the bottom of the vial. This allowsrecovery of solutes from sample volumes as small as afew microliters. The Concentrator is equipped with a300 watt heater to speed evaporation by warming thechamber during processing. A timed outlet for thevacuum pump connection delays the start of the pumpuntil the rotor reaches operating speed. A safety switchprevents the concentrator from starting when the lid isin the open position and a latch prevents the lid frombeing opened while the rotor is turning. The compact,low profile design allows the Concentrator to be placedon a bench top or other laboratory work surface.All wetted parts within the pump are either Teflon *,Teflon coated or stainless steel. A glass trap isprovided to remove liquid from the system before itenters the pump and a second glass trap is provided onthe outlet side of the pump to trap liquid expelled fromthe pump.*Teflon is a registered trademark of DuPontProduct Service Domestic 1-800-522-7658, International 816-333-88111
Chapter 1: IntroductionThe microprocessor which controls the operation of theheater and the motor provides excellent regulation andreproducibility of protocols. The end of the run can besignaled by a manually preset timer. Nine differentprotocols can be stored in memory so exact testparameters can be easily repeated.About This ManualThis manual is designed to help you learn how toinstall, use, and maintain your CentriVap. Instructionsfor performing routine maintenance and making minormodifications to your CentriVap are also included.Chapter 1: Introduction provides a brief overview ofthe CentriVap, explains the organization of the manual,and defines the typographical conventions used in themanual.Chapter 2: Prerequisites explains what you need to doto prepare your site before you install your CentriVap.Electrical and exhaust requirements are discussed.Chapter 3: Getting Started contains the informationyou need to properly unpack, inspect and install yourCentriVap.Chapter 4: Using Your CentriVap discusses the basicoperation of your CentriVap. Information on how toarrange the samples inside your CentriVap and select anoperating cycle is included.Chapter 5: Maintaining Your CentriVap explains howto perform routine maintenance on your CentriVap.Chapter 6: Modifying Your CentriVap describes how toinstall the optional glass lid.Chapter 7: Troubleshooting contains a table ofproblems you may encounter while using yourCentriVap, including the probable causes of theproblems, and suggested corrective actions.2Product Service Domestic 1-800-522-7658, International 816-333-8811
Chapter 1: IntroductionAppendix A: CentriVap Components contains labeleddiagrams of the components of the CentriVap.Appendix B: CentriVap Dimensions containscomprehensive diagrams showing the dimensions forthe CentriVap.Appendix C: CentriVap Specifications contains productspecifications. Wiring diagrams for both the 115V and230V CentriVap are also included.Appendix D: CentriVap Accessories lists the partnumbers and descriptions of all of the accessoriesavailable for your CentriVap.Typographical ConventionsRecognizing the following typographical conventionswill help you understand and use this manual: Book, chapter, and section titles are shown in italictype (e.g., Chapter 3: Getting Started).Steps required to perform a task are presented in anumbered format.Comments located in the margins providesuggestions, reminders, and references.Critical information is presented in boldface type inparagraphs that are preceded by the exclamationicon. Failure to comply with the informationfollowing an exclamation icon may result in injuryto the user or permanent damage to your CentriVap.Important information is presented in capitalizedtype in paragraphs that are preceded by the pointericon. It is imperative that the information containedin these paragraphs be thoroughly read andunderstood by the user.! Product Service Domestic 1-800-522-7658, International 816-333-88113
Chapter 1: IntroductionYour Next StepIf your CentriVap needs to be installed, proceed toChapter 2: Prerequisites to ensure your installation sitemeets all of the requirements. Then, go to Chapter 3:Getting Started for instructions on how to install yourCentriVap and make all of the necessary connections.For information on the operational characteristics ofyour CentriVap, go to Chapter 4: Using YourCentriVap.If your CentriVap is installed and you need to performroutine maintenance on the CentriVap, proceed toChapter 5: Maintaining Your CentriVap.For information on making modifications to theconfiguration of your CentriVap go to Chapter 6:Modifying Your CentriVap.Refer to Chapter 7: Troubleshooting if you areexperiencing problems with your CentriVap.4Product Service Domestic 1-800-522-7658, International 816-333-8811
CHAPTER 2PREREQUISITESBefore you install your CentriVap, you need to prepareyour site for installation. Carefully examine thelocation where you intend to install your CentriVap.You must be certain that the area is level and of solidconstruction. In addition, an exhaust means must beprovided. An electrical source must be located near theinstallation site.Carefully read this chapter to learn: the electrical supply requirements.the exhaust requirements.Refer to Appendix C: CentriVap Specifications forcomplete CentriVap electrical and environmentalconditions, specifications and requirements.!The CentriVap has not been evaluatedby an approval agency for the use ofbiological, radiotoxins or flammableliquids or materials.Electrical RequirementsA dedicated grounded electrical outlet is required. Thisoutlet requires a 15 Amp circuit breaker or fuse formodels rated at 115V (60 Hz). An 8 Amp circuitbreaker or fuse is required for models rated at 230VProduct Service Domestic 1-800-522-7658, International 816-333-88115
Chapter 2: Prerequisites(50/60 Hz). 115V models are equipped with a 15 AmpNEMA 5-15P plug. 230V models are not equippedwith a plug. It will be necessary to install a plug tomatch the available receptacle.It is recommended that an emergency switch fordisconnecting the mains in the case of a malfunction belocated remote from the CentriVap, preferably outsidethe room in which the CentriVap is housed, or adjacentto the exit from that room.Location and ExhaustRequirementsThe CentriVap DNA System should be located within afume hood if hazardous or flammable solvents are used.In all cases, regardless of the solvent used, it is stronglyrecommended that the vacuum pump is vented in afume hood. An optional accessory secondary trap isavailable to minimize the exhausting of solvents intothe atmosphere. This does not, however, negate theneed to exhaust the vacuum pump into a fume hood.Space RequirementsRefer to Appendix C: CentriVap Specifications fordimensional drawings of the CentriVap.Your Next StepAfter you have determined that the location for yourCentriVap accommodates the installation andoperational requirements, you are ready to unpack andinstall your CentriVap. Proceed to Chapter 3: GettingStarted.6Product Service Domestic 1-800-522-7658, International 816-333-8811
CHAPTER 3GETTING STARTEDNow that the site for your CentriVap is properlyprepared, you are ready to unpack, inspect, install, andtest your CentriVap. Read this chapter to learn how to: !unpack and move your CentriVap.set up your CentriVap.connect the electrical supply source to yourCentriVap.properly exhaust your CentriVap.safely use solvents with your CentriVap.The CentriVap weighs over 69 lbs.(31 Kg). The carton allows for liftingwith a mechanical lift truck or handtruck. If you must lift the CentriVapmanually, use at least two (2) personsand follow safe lifting guidelines.Product Service Domestic 1-800-522-7658, International 816-333-88117
Chapter 3: Getting StartedUnpacking Your CentriVapThe United StatesInterstate CommerceCommission rulesrequire that claims befiled with the deliverycarrier within fifteen (15)days of delivery.Carefully unpack your CentriVap and inspect it fordamage that may have occurred in transit. If yourCentriVap is damaged, notify the delivery carrierimmediately and retain the entire shipment intact forinspection by the carrier. DO NOT RETURN GOODSWITHOUT THE PRIORAUTHORIZATION OF LABCONCO.UNAUTHORIZED RETURNS WILLNOT BE ACCEPTED. IF YOUR CENTRIVAP WASDAMAGED IN TRANSIT, YOUMUST FILE A CLAIM DIRECTLYWITH THE FREIGHT CARRIER.LABCONCO CORPORATION ANDITS DEALERS ARE NOTRESPONSIBLE FOR SHIPPINGDAMAGE.Do not discard the carton or packing material for yourCentriVap until you have checked all of thecomponents and installed and tested the CentriVap.CentriVap ComponentsAs previously mentioned, the CentriVap DNA Systemis available in 115V or 230V. Locate the model ofCentriVap you received in the following table. Verifythat the components listed are present and undamaged.8Product Service Domestic 1-800-522-7658, International 816-333-8811
Chapter 3: Getting StartedCatalog #Product Description79700-0079700-01DNA Concentrator – 115VDNA Concentrator – 230VPlus the Following:Part #Component s ManualPower Cord – 115VorPower Cord – 230VRotorIf you do not receive one or more of the componentslisted for your CentriVap, or if any of the componentsare damaged, contact Labconco Corporationimmediately for further instructions.Setting Up Your CentriVapAfter you verify receipt of the proper components,move your CentriVap to the level and sturdy locationwhere you want to install it. There is no need to securethe CentriVap DNA System to the work surface. Then,follow the steps listed below.Emergency Access Into theChamberThe CentriVap is designed to prevent access to thechamber in the event of a power disruption. If it isnecessary to open the lid when there is no electricalpower connected to the CentriVap, insert a smallscrewdriver or similar instrument into the small roundhole on the left side of the case near the top behind thecontrol panel. This will unlock the lid latchmechanism. While holding the screwdriver in place,raise the lid with the other hand.!Never attempt to defeat the latch oropen the lid while the CentriVap isrunning.Product Service Domestic 1-800-522-7658, International 816-333-88119
Chapter 3: Getting StartedExhaust PortIf the CentriVap is not located in a fume hood, attachone end of a .50 inch inside diameter hose to theexhaust port on the left side on the vacuum pump glasstrap exhaust port. Clamp securely. Route the other endto a fume hood or other laboratory ventilation device.Electrical ConnectionPlug the power cord into the receptacle on the back ofthe CentriVap and plug the other end into a suitablepower receptacle.Rotor InstallationPlace the rotor onto the shaft of the Concentrator.Rotate the rotor slightly to engage the drive pin in theshaft with the slots in the rotor hub. The top of theshaft should be in line with the top of the rotor hub.!Do not use a rotor if it shows any signsof damage.!Solvent SafetyPrecautionsThe CentriVap is not classified as“explosion proof.” It has beendesigned with safety as a primaryconsideration and should be used in aprudent manner using “goodlaboratory practices.” It has beendesigned for use with compounds asdescribed in the United StatesNational Electrical Code Class I,Group D. The heater may beprogrammed to run as hot as 100 C,however, the heater element maynormally run at 110 C. A thermalfuse limits the heater to a maximumtemperature of 141 C. It is important10Product Service Domestic 1-800-522-7658, International 816-333-8811
Chapter 3: Getting Startedthat the solvents used are compatiblewith these temperatures. Do notevaporate solvents that have anautoignition temperature below180 C. Do not evaporate solvents thatare classified as Group A, B, or C bythe National Electrical Code.Evaporate only non-flammable orGroup D solvents with autoignitiontemperatures 180 C or above. Use ofother compounds could cause anexplosion.Solvents used in the CentriVap maybe flammable or hazardous. Useextreme caution and keep sources ofignition away from the solvents.When using flammable or hazardoussolvents, both the CentriVap and thevacuum pump should be operatedinside a fume hood.If a sample is spilled in the chamber itmust immediately be cleaned up.Hazardous materials such as strongacids or bases, radioactive substancesand volatile organics, must be handledcarefully and promptly cleaned up ifspilled.Do not store flammable or hazardoussolvents within 12 inches (300 mm) ofthe CentriVap.Several components of the CentriVapwhich are located inside the chamberare made of stainless steel which canbe attacked by acids. Use of acidssuch as trifluoroacetic acid can resultin degradation of the product and thevacuum pump if the vacuum system isbeing used. Use care when usingaggressive liquids which can damagethe CentriVap and thoroughly cleanProduct Service Domestic 1-800-522-7658, International 816-333-881111
Chapter 3: Getting Startedthe CentriVap after each use. ContactLabconco before evaporating acids.WARNING: The disposal ofsubstances used in connection withthis equipment may be governed byvarious Federal, State or localregulations. All users of thisequipment are urged to becomefamiliar with any regulations thatapply in the user’s area concerningthe dumping of waste materials in orupon water, land or air and to complywith such regulations.Your Next StepThe installation and setup of your CentriVap is nowcomplete. To learn how to load and operate yourCentriVap, proceed to Chapter 4: Using YourCentriVap. To make a modification to theconfiguration of your CentriVap, proceed to Chapter 6:Modifying your CentriVap. To perform additionaldiagnostics on your CentriVap, proceed to Chapter7:Troubleshooting. To learn about the maintenancerequirements for your CentriVap, proceed to Chapter 5:Maintaining Your CentriVap.12Product Service Domestic 1-800-522-7658, International 816-333-8811
CHAPTER 4USING YOURCENTRIVAPAfter your CentriVap has been installed as detailed inChapter 3: Getting Started, you are ready to beginusing your CentriVap. Read this chapter to learn howto: set operating parameters.operate the controls.properly select and position glassware insideyour CentriVap.understand the display.interrupt a cycle after it has begun.!Do not use the CentriVap in a mannernot specified by the manufacturer(refer to Appendix C: CentriVapSpecifications). The electricalprotection properties of the CentriVapmay be impaired if the CentriVap isused inappropriately.Do not store or stack supplies orequipment on top of the CentriVap.Product Service Domestic 1-800-522-7658, International 816-333-881113
Chapter 4: Using Your CentriVapPlanningThoroughly understand procedures and the equipmentoperation prior to beginning work. The uniqueperformance of the CentriVap is dependent upon theproper balance of heat, vacuum and centrifugal force.If the proper balance is not established, it is possible todamage or lose a portion of the sample. Therefore, ifyou are unfamiliar with the CentriVap or are attemptinga new protocol, it may be helpful to make a trial runthat is void of the sample you are attempting toconcentrate.Glassware SelectionNormally, sample tubes should be filled no more thanapproximately half full. Select the size of the sampletube so it is compatible with the rotor and the desiredsample size. Tubes should not be loose in the rotor.Rotors are available with holes for various size tubes.Refer to Appendix D: CentriVap Accessories foravailable rotor sizes and pages 19 and 20 forrecommended usable tube volumes.Loading Glassware Into theCentriVapSmooth operation of the CentriVap is dependent uponproper balance of the machine. Therefore, if less than afull load of samples is run, it is important to loadsamples into the CentriVap in a fairly symmetricalmanner distributing the weight of the samples evenly inthe sample rotor.Heat Setting GuidelinesThe evaporation rate achieved by the CentriVap isdependent upon a variety of factors. These include thenature of the solvent, the temperature and the pressurein the vacuum system.14Product Service Domestic 1-800-522-7658, International 816-333-8811
Chapter 4: Using Your CentriVapAs a general guideline, to speed the evaporationprocess, the CentriVap temperature should be set ashigh as possible as long as the temperature will notdamage the sample or cause the sample to bump.Time Setting GuidelinesThe CentriVap Concentrator has two timers. The“RUN TIME” turns the entire concentrator off after theuser set period of time. This stops the rotation, turnsoff the heater and vacuum pump and bleeds vacuumfrom the system. The heater may be turned off prior tothe concentrator turning off so heat sensitive samplesmay be protected from exposure to excessive heat afterthe solvent has evaporated. To turn the heater off priorto stopping the entire system, enter a set time into thememory at the “HEATER TIME”. When theprogrammed time expires, the heater will turn off butthe rotation and vacuum will continue until the run timeexpires.The tables in Appendix C: CentriVap Specificationsindicate approximate times required to evaporatevarious common solvents. Actual times must bedetermined by the user. The CentriVap can be set toalarm after a preset period of operation. When the timeexpires, the CentriVap will give an audible alarm andturn itself off.Product Service Domestic 1-800-522-7658, International 816-333-881115
Chapter 4: Using Your CentriVapCentriVap ControlsThe control panel for the CentriVap is shown belowwith a description about its function.35217641. Display – The liquid crystal display (LCD) showsset point parameters and actual measuredconditions.2. Program Buttons – Used to initiate the start of a runwith the use of just one button.3. Run/Stop Button – Used to start or stop a run.4. Preheat Button – Used to turn on the heater topreheat the chamber prior to loading samples.5. Increase Button – When pressed, the last selectedset point will increase.6. Decrease Button – When pressed, the last selectedset point will decrease.7. Set Point Select Button – To select a parameter tochange, press the select button. Arrows on thedisplay will point to the parameter that may bealtered.Operating The CentriVapControlsPreheat:To preheat the chamber, press the “PREHEAT” button.The display will show:SP:16XXX ACT: XXXProduct Service Domestic 1-800-522-7658, International 816-333-8811
Chapter 4: Using Your CentriVapPress the increase or decrease button until the desiredset point (SP) is displayed. The actual chambertemperature, (ACT) is displayed to the right. Whenpower is being supplied to the heaters, a bar under theactual temperature will illuminate. The chamber willcontinue to preheat until either the “PREHEAT” buttonis pressed again or the “RUN” button is pressed.Select existing program:Operating parameters can be stored in memory soprotocols can be repeated. Nine programs can bestored. To select a program, press the set point“SELECT” button until arrows point to the programnumber indicating that this set point can be run oraltered. To change the program number, press theincrease or decrease button until the desired programnumber is displayed. When the program number ischanged, all its set points change also to indicate thelast entered parameters for that program.Store frequently run protocols in program 1, 2, or 3.Then, by pressing “PROG 1”, “PROG 2” or “PROG 3”,the stored program will be initiated without having topress any other button. Pressing just the one buttonstarts the rotor, the heater, the timers and the vacuumpump.Ch
conditions, specifications and requirements. The CentriVap has not been evaluated by an approval agency for the use of biological, radiotoxins or flammable liquids or materials. Electrical Requirements A dedicated grounded electrical outlet is required. This outlet requires a 15 Amp circuit breaker or fuse for models rated at 115V (60 Hz). An 8 .
Cole Parmer To order, contact Cole-Parmer Instrument Company Limited at: Unit 3, River Brent Business Park, Trumpers Way, Hanwell, London W7 2QA Tel: Call free 0500 345 300 or 020 8574 7556 Fax: 020 8574 7543 www.coleparmer.co.uk, e-mail: sales@coleparmer.co.uk Production and Manufacturing Process Engineering Research and Development Cole-Parmer
t. The log-normal distribution is described by the Cole-Cole a, and the mode of the distribution is the time constant of relaxation [Cole and Cole, 1941]. If the Cole-Cole distribution parameter, a, is unity, then there is a single time constant of relaxation and the Cole
The Cole-Cole (II is a number that is often used to describe the divergence of a measured dielectric dispersion from the ideal dispersion exhibited by a Debye type of dielectric relaxation, and is widely . [27] equation, introduced by the Cole brothers [28] in which an additional parameter, the Cole-Cole (Y, is used to characterise the fact .
Part One: Heir of Ash Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Chapter 15 Chapter 16 Chapter 17 Chapter 18 Chapter 19 Chapter 20 Chapter 21 Chapter 22 Chapter 23 Chapter 24 Chapter 25 Chapter 26 Chapter 27 Chapter 28 Chapter 29 Chapter 30 .
the Cole–Cole and PLS models, the latter technique giving more satisfactory results. Keywords On-line biomass monitoring In-situ spectroscopy Scanning capacitance (dielectric) spectroscopy Cole–Cole equation PLS Calibration model robustness Introduction Over the last few decades, the field of biotechnology has
TO KILL A MOCKINGBIRD. Contents Dedication Epigraph Part One Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Part Two Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Chapter 15 Chapter 16 Chapter 17 Chapter 18. Chapter 19 Chapter 20 Chapter 21 Chapter 22 Chapter 23 Chapter 24 Chapter 25 Chapter 26
Equation 20 is the prove of equation 1 which relate water saturation to cole cole time; maximum cole cole time and fractal dimension. The capillary pressure can be scaled as logSw (Df 3) logPc constant 21 Where Sw the water saturation, Pc the capillary pressure and
Cole-Parmer Digital Gear Pump Drive Operating Manual 1-1 Section 1 Introduction Welcome to the Cole-Parmer Digital Gear Pump Drive. This drive has many of the same functions as the standard MASTERFLEX L/S Digital Drive for peristaltic pumps. With different Gear Pump Heads the system offers flow rates from 0.61 to 4210mL/min.
