White Paper: How Technology Is Changing The Ways Students .
W H I T E PA P E RHow Technology is Changing the WaysStudents Learn and Teachers TeachWireless broadband technology solutions are crucialfor keeping gaps in high-speed access from leading togaps in student performance
It’s all about increasing student performance.The passion to help students learn is why most educatorsbecame educators in the first place. And in almost every case,the better a student performs, the better chance he or shehas for success in school and in life. Improving studentperformance is also crucial to a school’s success. Becausetoday, how students perform is how teachers and schools areevaluated. In K-12 environments, it’s how they perform onstandardized tests. For higher education institutions, it’s abouthow their graduates perform in the world.The burgeoning revolution in learning technology is fastbecoming a major factor in improving student performance. Inthis paper, Motorola examines how the Internet and new onlinelearning resources are revolutionizing the learning experiencefor students from K-12 to universities and graduate schools.The article also discusses the other equally important aspectof the technology revolution: making sure all students haveaccess to these crucial new online learning resources.2 W H I T E P A P E R - How Technology is Changing the Ways Students Learn and Teachers Teach
E-Learning TrendsImagine being a teacher on the frontier. You taughtin a one-room schoolhouse and you taught studentsat ages that might range from first grade all theway up to high school. Sounds like a nightmare,but when you stop to think about it, don’t today’steachers face similar challenges? Although studentsin a class may all be about the same age, they areanything but the same in their levels of interest andachievement. When you teach to the level of theless accomplished class members, the moreaccomplished students get disinterested andbored. And vice versa. Now, in the midst of thislong-standing dilemma, comes the educationtechnology revolution. And as it grows, it has thepotential to be the catalyst for major changes in theway students learn and teachers teach.The Personalization of EducationK-12 EDUCATORSUSE OF TECHNOLOGYIN THE CLASSROOM76%USE DIGITAL MEDIA72%STREAM ORDOWNLOAD CONTENTFROM THE INTERNET“The problem with improving student performancein today’s educational system is that there’s alack of personalization,” says Tom Greaves of TheGreaves Group, a well-known education technologyconsultant. “The message isn’t ideal for any of thestudents; it’s either over their heads or under theirheads.” That’s beginning to change. Today’sadvances in educational technology are transforminghow students get information by making theeducational experience more personal.mammals, they can learn a lot about every mammalon the planet from aye-ayes to wombats. Studentscan work at their own pace and at their own level ofinterest. The deeper a student can get into a subject,the more involved, more intrigued and more motivated they’re likely to be, and as a consequence, themore their performance is likely to improve.The Evolving Role of the TeacherSo are teachers destined to become obsolete?Hardly, says Greaves. ”As a matter of fact, teachersare more valuable than they’ve ever been, but theirrole is changing. They become less the deliverer ofeducational information and more of a teacher,working with students one-on-one and in smallgroups, and able to go much deeper into thematerial.” This prediction is supported by otherindustry sources. In their book, Disrupting Class,authors Clayton Christensen, Michael Horn andCurtis Johnson predict that by 2019, 50 percent ofall high school courses will be delivered online.The New Learning TechnologiesHow do teachers feel about this shift? Mostlike it. According to the February 2010 issue ofTech & Learning magazine, if teachers couldwish for one thing, it would be more money fortechnology. Teachers are also practicing what theypreach. For example, the magazine also notes theNot so long ago, a teacher might have instructed aincreasing usage of technology by K-12 educators,fourth-grade class on mammals with a textbook andwith 76 percent saying they use digital media (upperhaps a short video that presented a broad overfrom 69 percent in 2008) and 80 percent of thoseview of the material. But when students have accessdescribing themselves as frequent or regular users.to the Internet — whether in the classroom, at homeIn addition, 72 percent stream or download contentor, hopefully both — they can obtain much morefrom the Internet. Clearly the education technologyinformation, not to mention much more interestingrevolution is no longer coming. It’s here.information. Instead of learning a little about a few3 W H I T E P A P E R - How Technology is Changing the Ways Students Learn and Teachers Teach
M U LT I - M E D I A O N D E M A N D F O R 3 0 , 0 0 0 S T U D E N T S I N T E X A SKeller Independent School District (ISD), one of the fastest-growing school districts inthe state of Texas, comprises 36 schools with some 30,000 K-12 students. To supportits e-learning activities, including a 1:1 computing initiative that will eventually providelaptop computers for every student, the district partnered with Motorola and SAFARIMontage. The district chose SAFARI Montage video-on-demand to deliver digitale-learning content to dense classroom environments. And after testing several WLANalternatives, Keller ISD deployed Motorola’s 802.11n wireless LAN infrastructurebecause of its superior ability to support this high-bandwidth application in such denseenvironments. Together the Motorola wireless network and SAFARI Montage systemare enabling Keller ISD to deliver multiple multi-cast and uni-cast video streamssimultaneously to multiple clients in classrooms across the district.How are educators using the new educationaltechnologies to help improve student performance?They use it in a number of ways, including: Content and Research. Access to the Internetprovides students with access to a world of multimedia educational content that’s a quantum leapfrom the textbook. From streaming video to onlinecourses and lectures, a motivated student can andwill find out just about everything he or she wantsto know. When Tom Greaves recently asked asixth-grader about the difference computers andthe Internet are making in her school work, shetold him, “Before computers, I couldn’t get theanswer to any question. After, I can get answersto every question.” Administration. A rapidly growing number ofschools at every level are using today’s powerful,multi-faceted learning management systems,such as Blackboard, Moodle and RM LearningPlatform. These software applications includecomponents for a wide range of crucialfunctionalities, including customized onlinelearning experiences, automated record keeping,automated tracking of student performance,communications, security, training and more. Assessment. Online assessment and testingare beginning to make inroads on traditionaltesting methods, with interactive computer-basedtests offering more effective, more efficientalternatives to the old paper-and-pencil, monitorin-the-classroom model. Grading is faster andeasier and students can take tests virtuallyanywhere. In addition to today’s standardmultiple-choice tests, new initiatives are underwayto develop interactive tests in which studentsare required to generate their own content andmaterial rather than simply choose an answer. Virtual Classes and Classrooms. Distancelearning initiatives have traditionally focusedon providing virtual classrooms for rural andoutlying areas where students may have difficultytraveling to and from school every day. Todaythe virtual classroom is expanding. Virtual classesare now being used virtually everywhere: fromon campus to at home to wherever a studentwants to use them. They’re even being usedin non-virtual classrooms to deliver a bold newworld of content from a wide range of resources,such as school-created programs, downloadablelectures from the Internet, materials from sourcessuch as iTunes U and TeacherTube and newWeb 2.0 applications.1:1 ComputingOne indication of the growing importance ofe-learning is the rapid rise of 1:1 computing, orthe policy in which K-12 schools, school districtsand universities provide each student and facultymember with a laptop computer, netbook orother personal computing device. According toAmerica’s Digital Schools 2008, the use of1:1 computing strategies is rising dramatically,especially in the K-12 environment. Currently27 percent of school districts have 1:1 pilots ofat least a full school grade. Another 22.5 percentplan to implement 1:1 in the next few years.Results have been increasing, too. America’s DigitalSchools 2008 also notes the steadily rising numberof districts using 1:1 computing models that arereporting moderate to significant academic improvement. This number rose from about 30 percent in2006 to more than 78 percent in 2008. There seemsno question that properly implemented technologysolutions can yield excellent results in terms ofperformance.4 W H I T E P A P E R - How Technology is Changing the Ways Students Learn and Teachers Teach
Technology TrendsOf course, 1:1 computing, Web 2.0 access andonline-based e-learning applications are only onepart of the educational technology equation. Onceyou’ve put these exceptional new learning toolsand resources in place, you must make sure everystudent can use them not just in class butwhenever and wherever they want to. In otherwords, e-learning systems must be able to functionas an electronic textbook.The Textbook, Pro and ConTEENAGERS USEOF TECHNOLOGY60%HAVE DESKTOP/LAPTOP97%PLAY VIDEO ORCOMPUTER GAMES93%USE THE INTERNETSource: Pew Internet& American Life ProjectSay what you will about the textbook, although ithas many disadvantages, it also has one majoradvantage. No textbook can hope to compare tonew e-learning resources in providing a wealthof information on any subject. No textbook is asinteresting or as motivating as streaming video andlectures from the world’s most renowned experts.Textbooks are not meant for collaboration and it’stoo easy for them to become obsolete too quickly.But the textbook does have one big plus. It can beused anywhere: in class, at home, at the library, inthe dorm, in the coffee shop, in a car, even outdoorsin the park. The question is, how can e-learning bemade as usable as a textbook, because only thenwill the performance improvements promised byeducation technology be completely realized.The Access ImperativeThe overarching objective of educational technologyis improvement of student performance. Unfortunately, in many school districts, e-learning systemscannot pass the “textbook test” in part because ofthe so-called “digital divide.” To be as usable andas accessible as a textbook, educational technologymust be available to all students in the classroom, onthe school’s campus and virtually everywhere else inthe community: at home, on the bus, in a restaurant,on the street, virtually anywhere and everywhere.For students living in areas or under circumstancesthat don’t allow for Internet connectivity, this is ahuge problem. Lack of access can lead to certainstudents being unable to use resources that othersare using, even if they have their own computer ornetbook. That can lead to performance gaps, andthat is unacceptable.The Bandwidth CrisisBefore we discuss how schools are planning toovercome these gaps in access, let’s bring up arelated issue: the need for broadband access.The reality is, the rich multi-media content of mosteducational technology solutions is exceptionallybandwidth intensive. In other words, most e-learningsolutions need a high-speed broadband connectionto make them truly viable. Once again, studentswho lack sufficient bandwidth to make full useof online resources are more likely to suffer fromperformance gaps.“Making sure students have sufficient bandwidthis a significant driver for the current administration’sNational Broadband Initiative,” says Greaves.“Without enough bandwidth, students will haveno high-speed Internet functionality, no fastdownloads, no fast searches, no streaming video,fewer opportunities for online collaboration.The question is: How will educational institutionsbe able to deliver the kind of bandwidth that willimprove student performance? And how will theybe able to afford it?Wireless BroadbandMost educational institutions have wired networkbackbones that make use of T1 connections or fiber.While they continue to serve schools well, there aretwo issues. The first is that typical T1 connections,especially as used in rural areas, deliver throughputof about 1.54 Mbps, far lower than necessary tosupport bandwidth intensive education technologysolutions. The second is the cost of expanding aschool’s fiber network is exceptionally high, notjust in monthly rental costs, but also in the diggingand trenching usually necessary for wired networkexpansion. The most viable answer for many schoolsis proving to be wireless broadband networks.As noted in America’s Digital Schools 2008,“The rapid growth of [wireless broadband]solutions has allowed districts to substantiallyexpand data rates at a lower cost per megabitthan [wired] solutions.” The next question is whichwireless technology is best for the school’s uniquerequirements, including both high-speed fixed andmobile connectivity.A Range of Wireless OptionsIn today’s marketplace, educational institutions ofall sizes have a wide range of wireless technologychoices that enable them to design and build anetwork that can serve all three of their targetedenvironments.5 W H I T E P A P E R - How Technology is Changing the Ways Students Learn and Teachers Teach
N O R T H E R N M I C H I G A N U N I V E R S I T Y S U P P O R T S C O M M U N I T Y- W I D E A C C E S SLocated in Marquette, in Michigan’s Upper Peninsula, Northern Michigan University isa comprehensive, masters-level institution serving almost 10,000 students. The schoolbegan a 1:1 computing program in the year 2000, providing students with laptop computers and access to its WiFi campus network. As the number of students living off campusgrew to about 6,000, the school realized it needed to extend wireless coverage to servenot only its students on campus, but also those living off-campus in the city of Marquetteitself. Because its WiFi network was incapable of supporting high-speed access in thearea’s hilly, wooded terrain, the school chose to deploy a Motorola WiMAX system forits ability to provide reliable broadband over a wide coverage area. Today, the networkis serving virtually all of NMU’s students, both on and off campus, as well as more than17,000 other users in the city of Marquette and its surrounding area.By providing this high-speed connectivity, NMU is playing an important role not onlyin helping students improve performance, but also in helping the entire region developcritical new economic growth.In the ClassroomThe old classroom model of teachersteaching mainly by imparting knowledge to theentire class is fast disappearing. Today’s classroomis a more interactive environment with multi-mediacontent — such as new e-learning applications andthe Internet — enabling teachers to provide morepersonalized learning experiences to individualstudents working on individual laptop computers andother electronic devices. Making it all possible arenew Wireless Local Access Networks (WLANs) thatare a quantum leap in bandwidth and interactivityfrom WLANs of even a few years ago, working intandem with the school’s wired or wireless backbonenetwork to make online access faster and easier.Today’s WLANs outperform older networks ina number of ways: Significantly higher bandwidth. Enabled bythe newly ratified 802.11n standard, today’sWLANs are capable of delivering significantlyhigher throughput required for today’s bandwidthintensive applications. Where older networksnormally delivered throughputs of 15 to 20 Mbpson a good day, 802.11n networks can regularlydeliver up to 300 Mbps, enabling students totake maximum advantage of bandwidth-hungryapplications such as streaming video, interactivecollaboration and high-resolution downloads.Wireless broadband networks based on the802.11n standard also provide the capacity toserve a large number of individual users in highdensity locations such as classrooms. Faster routing of information. The moreadvanced WLANs available today also ensurefaster, more efficient routing of learning contentvia more intelligent adaptive architecture. Thesenew networks eliminate the bottlenecks that canhold up transmission of content by placing moreintelligence in the access points, keeping datafrom backing up either at the access point orcontroller level. Gone are too-long waits andtoo-frustrated students and teachers. Support for other applications. New WLANsolutions are also more easily scalable whenexpansion is needed, and they support completein-building connectivity and a wide range ofnew and emerging educational and operationalapplications, such as Voice over WLAN (VoWLAN)VoIP, video conferencing and surveillance.Across CampusToday’s students are more often thannot what are called “digital natives,” i.e. individualswho have grown up with digital technology andtake ubiquitous high-speed connectivity for granted.Basically, they want to be able to use technology thesame ways — and the same places — they mightuse a textbook. They want connectivity not just inthe classroom, but everywhere on campus: indoorsin the cafeteria, the library and study halls, and alsooutdoors in common areas, in sports facilities, onthe street, in parking lots, throughout the campus.There’s no doubt that today’s K-12 and highereducation institutions are under increasing mandatesto provide the kind of cost-effective blanket broadband coverage for the entire campus that wirelessnetworks can deliver.Outdoor campus network considerations include: Seamless indoor-outdoor coverage. It’s vitalthat these campus-wide networks includecoverage that can follow a user inside and out,eliminating the dropping of connections whilea user is entering or leaving a building. Lack ofseamless coverage that allows roaming betweenaccess points not only increases frustration, italso decreases productivity.6 W H I T E P A P E R - How Technology is Changing the Ways Students Learn and Teachers Teach
Powerful access points. Today’s 802.11n-basedWLANs are exceptionally cost-effective. Usingmore intelligent outdoor access points that arealso more powerful and efficient, the networksenable full campus coverage with very few APs —in many cases only one. In addition, the APs canmesh directly to the network, eliminating the needfor — and expense of — backhaul technology. More aesthetic deployment. For many traditionalcolleges and universities, their beautifully classiccampus environments are a major selling point.As a result, when deploying network telecommunications equipment, IT departments must notonly be concerned with connectivity, they mustalso be concerned with aesthetics. Because theygenerally need fewer pieces of equipment thanprevious networks, effective 802.11n wirelessbroadband solutions require fewer access pointsand incorporate integrated panel antennas makingthem less obtrusive in the campus environment.In the CommunityWireless Technology OptionsWhen these and other questions have beenanswered, schools have a number of technologyoptions that should also be examined. These include: WiMAX. Many schools possess licenses inthe 2.5 GHz frequency band. WiMAX networksare an ideal technology for community networks,supporting cost-effective high-bandwidthcoverage, high-speed mobility and powerfulsignals that increase reliability and reduce theeffects of interference. WiMAX is especiallyvaluable in dense urban environments as wellas in smaller rural and exurban environmentswhere a small number of WiMAX sites locatedon the tops of buildings can serve a large numberof users spread across a broad area effectivelyand cost-efficiently. PTP and PMP. Point-to-point and point-tomultipoint wireless networks using either licensedor unlicensed spectrum are also excellent networktechnology alternatives. In environments wherestudents tend to live in within a few miles of thecampus, PMP networks with service moduleslocated in buildings and homes are an excellent,cost-efficient alternative. PTP networks are alsoviable for providing high-bandwidth backhaul tooff-campus facilities or to outdoor WLANs indistant neighborhoods.Many school districts, colleges anduniversities are situated in communities and areaswhere broadband Internet access is either unavailable or unaffordable for the significant number ofstudents who live off campus. These institutions arefaced with a separate challenge. To make sure of a Outdoor WLAN Extension. In many schoollevel playing field in terms of Internet access for alldistricts, especially in densely populated urbanstudents, these schools may consider deployment ofareas, the preponderance of students live withina community-wide wireless broadband network.two or three blocks of the school. Similarly, inmany college and university environments, offBefore a decision is made to explore the communitycampus housing is contained mainly in a radiusoption, there are a number of questions that shouldof just a few blocks. In these types of situations,be asked and answered:intelligent outdoor WLAN access points can belocated in the neighborhood and connect back What specific objectives must the networkto the school’s network using self-meshingaccomplish? For example, do you need to ensuretechnology.coverage to an entire community in an outlyingor rural environment, or do you need to cover aCommunity Network Funding Optionsspecific area in a city or other municipality?Community networks are a large-scale undertaking What is the use case? For example, who areto be sure, but there are a number of scenarios inthe students you propose to cover and where dowhich deployment of this kind of network is boththey live? Is your target area an underserved urban needed and affordable. These include institutionsenvironment where students cannot receive orfunding their own networks, often leveraging theirafford high-speed access? Or is it a few squareownership of 2.5 GHz WiMAX spectrum, whichblocks contiguous to the campus that contains anot coincidentally, face a May, 2011 deadline tomajority of off-campus housing?provide plans for the spectrum for which they holdlicenses. Other scenarios include a growing number What types of buildings and terrain must beof public-private partnerships, with school districtsserved? In planning any wireless network, landand universities often partnering either with comtopography and building heights and constructionmunity government or with a local service providersmaterials will help determine how much interto fund and deploy multi-function networks. Theseference is likely to be present, and how muchnetworks provide broadband connectivity for boththroughput will be necessary to provide broadband the institution’s students and municipal, residentialservice. Are there tall high-rise buildings thatand commercial usage.create a canyon-like environment? What materials,such as concrete, wood or steel, are most structures made of? Are there hills, dense stands oftrees, rivers or lakes the signals must traverse?7 W H I T E P A P E R - How Technology is Changing the Ways Students Learn and Teachers Teach
Next StepsSchools in the initial stages of considering deployment of a wireless broadband network to supporttheir growing e-learning initiatives can find themselves in uncharted territory. There will be a greatmany questions to be asked and answered. Wherewill schools find the answers and the technologysolutions they need? As a pioneer and leader inwireless technology and with a long history ofsuccessfully supporting educational environmentswith communications technology, Motorola hasthe answers.With our industry-leading portfolio of wirelessbroadband network solutions — including indoor andoutdoor WLAN, PTP, PMP, mesh and WiMAX technologies — Motorola is one of the few technologypartners that can support connectivity in each of theinstitution’s targeted areas: in the classroom, acrossthe campus and in the community. In addition,Motorola provides AirDefense, one of the world’smost powerful security solutions, and the integratedOne Point Wireless Suite with multi-vendormanagement and troubleshooting capabilities.Personalization and PerformanceIndividual schools, K-12 school districts and highereducation institutions alike are racing to design anddeploy wireless broadband networks that cancost-effectively deliver the bandwidth to supportthe new e-learning technologies and applicationsof the present and the future. By providing morecompelling, more motivating, more personalizededucational environments designed to improvestudent performance, e-learning applications andhigh-speed wireless network solutions are poised torevolutionize education. It’s crucial that no school —and no student — be left behind.In the Classroom4x2 8Across CampusChallenge Providing seamless indooroutdoor coverage throughoutcampus Supporting the needs ofDigital Natives Preserving the classic estheticsof the campus environmentMotorola Solutions Indoor/Outdoor WLANChallenge Delivering high-speed wirelessconnectivity to students andteachers in the classroom Enabling highly interactive,personalized learning throughnew e-learning and multimediaapplications Supporting simultaneous userswith multiple devices in a denseenvironmentMotorola Solutions WLANIn the CommunityChallenge Extending the school day byallowing students to be onlineat home, on the bus, and inthe community Replacing textbooks withdynamic digital content studentscan access anywhere, anytime Providing Internet access tostudents at home wherebroadband access may be eitherunavailable or unaffordableMotorola Solutions WiMAX Point-to-Point Point-to-Multipoint Outdoor WLANMotorola, Inc. 1301 E. Algonquin Road, Schaumburg, Illinois 60196 U.S.A.MOTOROLA and the stylized M Logo are registered in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2010RO-22-105
Greaves Group, a well-known education technology consultant. “The message isn’t ideal for any of the students; it’s either over their heads or under their heads.” That’s beginning to change. Today’s advances in educational technology are transforming how students get inform
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This document is the Elastos white paper version 0.2, which includes additional descriptions of Elastos strategic goals and technology roadmaps. Elastos will be continuously updating this white paper to reflect new developments. For the latest information on the Elastos white paper, roadmaps, team, foundation management,
ABOUT THIS WHITE PAPER This white paper was sponsored by Light Point Security; information about the company is available at the end of the paper. The paper also presents some of the results from an in-depth, primary market research survey that was conducted specifically for this paper. A number of serious consequences can result from
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