Sound Information: A Boater’s Guide
2 015– 2 016 E d i t i o nSound Information:A Boater’s Guide
Boating Related RegulationsRegulationPenalties and EnforcementTrashBoats over 26’ must visibly display the MARPOLtrash placard. Boats over 40’ must have a writtenWaste Management Plan onboard. No trash maybe thrown overboard within the boundaries ofPuget Sound.International Law: Marine Pollution ActMARPOL allows up to 25,000 in civil penalties, 50,000 in fines and up to five years in jailEnforcement Agency: U.S. Coast GuardSewageIt is illegal to discharge untreated sewagewithin the 3-mile territorial limit which includesall of Puget Sound and its fresh watertributaries.Law: Clean Water ActFines of up to 2,000 for the illegal dischargeEnforcement Agencies: U.S. Coast Guard andDepartment of EcologyOilU.S. Coast Guard regulations state:“No person may intentionally drain oil or oil wastefrom any source into the bilge of any vessel.”Boats over 26’ must display a placard:Oil Discharge is ProhibitedLaw: Oil Pollution Control Act (OPA)Fines of up to 20,000 and responsibility for thecosts of environmental cleanup or damage claimsEnforcement Agencies: U.S. Coast Guard andDepartment of EcologyReporting Hazardous Waste SpillsThe person in charge must report any hazardouswaste spill from the vessel. Call 800.OILS.911 andthe U.S. Coast Guard National Response Centerat 800.424.8802. They will notify the Coast Guardand EPA. If you are not near a phone, call theCoast Guard on VHF Channel 16.Law: Oil and Hazardous Substance SpillPrevention and Response (Chapter 90.56)Fines of up to 25,000 and responsibility forthe costs of environmental cleanup or damageclaimsEnforcement Agency: U.S. Coast GuardLead-Acid BatteriesTo throw batteries in the water or trash is illegal.Lead-acid batteries must be disposed of properly,either by exchanging when purchasing a newone, or by recycling.Washing, Sanding, Painting and VarnishingState law prohibits the discharge of anypollutants into the water, including soaps, paintsand dust from sanding. Slip-side maintenancemust involve less than 25% of the area of thedeck and superstructures of the boat.Bottom cleaningUnderwater cleaning of boat hulls with soft orablative anti-fouling paint is illegal. Hard bottompaint or gel coat may be cleaned in the wateronly with non-mechanical devices and only if nodischarge of paint occurs.Land-based cleaning may only occur at permittedboatyards with full containment of waste water.Law: Dangerous Waste RegulationFines of up to 10,000 per day per occurrenceEnforcement Agencies: Department of Ecology,County Hazardous Waste ProgramsLaw: Washington State Pollution Control ActEnforcement Agency: Department of EcologyLaw: Washington State Pollution Control ActEnforcement Agency: Department of Ecology
2 015– 2 016 E d i t i o nSound Information:A Boater’s GuideA publication of Puget SoundkeeperAndy Gregory, Project Coordinator and Editor 2014-2015Barbara Owens, Project Coordinator and Editor 2012-2013Chris Wilke, Project Coordinator and Editor 2003-2010Pat Buller Pearson, Project Coordinator and Editor 1996-2001This project was jointly funded through grants from the EPA and Department of Ecologyand while materials have been reviewed for grant consistency, they do not necessarilyreflect the views of either agency. 2015, all rights reserved. Use only with permission of Puget Soundkeeper andWashington State Parks and Recreation Commission.Printed on 100% post consumer waste text paper and 100% recycled cover paper.Cover and back cover photos: 2015, Andy Gregory
A Message from Puget SoundkeeperBoating in Puget Sound provides unparalleled access to some ofour State’s most beautiful places. With this privilege comes greatresponsibility to minimize our impact and to preserve these fragileecosystems.Puget Sound’s waters and wildlife are already under pressurefrom upland sources of pollution including stormwater runoff,combined sewer overflows and agricultural runoff. Every timeyou get underway, you have an opportunity to minimize yourimpact by making good choices and implementing the BestManagement Practices (BMPs) found in this book.The Boater’s Guide is intended to give you several practicalsolutions to the most common sources of boater-generatedpollution. Our job is to provide you with tips, tricks and tools tomake your boating experience as clean and safe as possible.Your job is to implement these best practices to the best of yourability.We invite you to take this challenge — to change your habits andto do things a little differently, step up and be a leader in yourcommunity, and reach out and educate others. Together we canmake a big difference to protect and preserve Puget Sound forfuture generations.Andy GregoryPollution Prevention Director, Puget Soundkeeper
AcknowledgmentsWhat’s Inside?Puget Soundkeeper gratefully acknowledgesthe following individuals and organizations forproviding information, comments, assistanceor review throughout the development ofSound Information: A Boater’s Guide.IntroductionPat Buller PearsonCalifornia Sea Grant, UC DavisBen LeeClean Boating FoundationKing County/MetroMiriam GordonMarin County Office of Waste ManagementNorthwest Marine Trade AssociationRE-Sources for Sustainable CommunitiesTerri Jenkins-McLeanSeattle King County Department of Public HealthU.S. Coast Guard, Puget Sound Marine Safety OfficeWashington State Department of EcologyPuget Soundkeeper. 4Clean Marina Washington. 5Charting a Course. 6The Magic of Puget SoundGeology. 7Life in Puget Sound. 8Fish and Shellfish. 9Birds and MarineMammals. 10Aquatic Reserves. 11Threats to Puget SoundOil and Fuel Spills. 12Gray Water Pollution. 13Plastics and Trash. 14Invasive Species. 15Nutrient Pollution. 17Sewage. 17Sewage DisposalPumpout Locations. 18Washington State Department of HealthOil and Fuel IssuesWashington State Department of Fish and WildlifeFueling Tips. 30Fuel Docks. 34Lynn SatreWashington State Parks Boating ProgramWest MarineDisclaimer: Puget Soundkeeper has taken great carein identifying and offering guidance on environmentallysound products and procedures in the Boater's Guide.Neither Soundkeeper nor any contributing agencies,organizations or individuals assume any liability for theaccuracy or completeness of the information presentedin the guide. Inclusion in this guide is not an endorsementof the companies listed. Any opinions expressed in thisguide are those of Soundkeeper and do not necessarilyreflect the opinion of any funding agency.Boat Maintenance IssuesCleaning Products. 38Slip-Side Maintenance. 40Out of the Water. 44The Boater’s DirectoryWho to Call. 45Where to Get It. 50Permitted Boatyards. 52Making a DifferenceThe Puget 10-Step. 56Boater’s Directory55
You Can HelpPuget SoundkeeperPuget Soundkeeper servesas an advocate, educatorand catalyst for change forPuget Sound by bringingtogether those who impactits waters, whether theybe industries, recreationalusers, or residents. You canhelp protect Puget Soundby supporting Soundkeeperthrough your contributionsand volunteering.Founded in 1984, PugetSoundkeeper is an independentnon-profit organization whosemission is to protect andpreserve Puget Sound and itssurrounding waters. PugetSoundkeeper is also a memberof Waterkeeper Alliance, an international networkof over 200 Keeper programs worldwide—each onedesignated as a Keeper for a specific water body.Volunteer opportunities:Active monitoring. Soundkeeper conducts regularon-the-water pollution detection patrols using theSoundkeeper patrol boat and a network of trainedvolunteers. Soundkeeper is the only organization thatactively monitors and patrols the waters of Puget Soundto detect and document sources of illegal pollution. Cleaning waterways On-water patrols Assisting at events Helping with fundraising AdvocacyContact Puget Soundkeeperor visit their web site to findvolunteer opportunities or tomake a donation.Puget Soundkeeper130 Nickerson StreetSuite 107Seattle, Washington 98109206.297.7002pugetsoundkeeper.org46Sound Information: A Boater's GuideTo achieve its mission, Puget Soundkeeper isinvolved in:Active engagement. Soundkeeper is a majorenvironmental stakeholder with government andbusiness groups working to regulate pollutiondischarges from sewage treatment plants, industrialfacilities, construction sites, boatyards, municipalitiesand others.Active enforcement. Soundkeeper enforces theFederal Clean Water Act through citizen lawsuitsagainst egregious violators in order to bring them intocompliance with water quality standards.Solution-oriented partnerships. Soundkeeperworks with individuals, businesses and governmentsin voluntary partnership efforts to prevent harmfuldischarges into Puget Sound through education,stewardship events and business assistance andcertification programs such as the EnviroStars hazardouswaste management program and the Clean MarinaWashington project. Soundkeeper involves communityvolunteers in 40 marine debris cleanups each year,resulting in the removal of several tons of trash peryear from Puget Sound shorelines and waterways.
Clean Marina WashingtonMarina CertificationWashington’s Clean Marinaprogram encouragesstewardship, water-qualityprotection and waste reductionthrough education andassistance to marinas andrecreational boaters. Marinasvoluntarily assess their operations and implementpollution prevention practices in order to receivetheir Clean Marina certification. Certified marinasthat earn the right to “fly the flag” provide amodel for pollution prevention in other waterfrontactivities.For more information onClean Marina Washington,please contact the ProgramAdministration or a CleanMarina Partner.Clean Marina programs exist in 25 other states andBritish Columbia, Canada. At the time of the CleanMarina Washington program introduction in 2005,thirteen marinas were already certified through anaward-winning local business assistance programcalled EnviroStars, which now operates in sevenWestern Washington counties. With the adventof Clean Marina Washington, the program is nowopen to all public and private marinas in the state.EnviroStars continues to administer the CleanMarina certifications in King, Kitsap, Jefferson,Pierce, Skagit, Spokane and Whatcom Counties.As of April 2015, 68 marinas have become certified.EnviroStars Cooperative206.263.1663For a current list of certified marinas, visitwww.cleanmarinawashington.org.Washington Department ofNatural Resources360.902.1100Program Administration,Site Visits and CertificationsPuget Soundkeeper206.297.7002, or info@cleanmarinawashington.orgSite Visits and CertificationsWashington Sea Grant206.616.8929Program SupportersNorthwest Marine TradeAssociation206.634.0911Washington Department ofEcology360.407.7211Washington State Parksand Recreation Commission360.902.8555Boater’s DirectoryIntroduction757
Charting a Course“We who love boats andthe water are the primaryusers of the greatestwilderness regions onearth. Preservation of thoseregions is therefore ourresponsibility.”Andre MeleYacht builder, designer andwriterThe Sound’s Future is in Our HandsSince Puget Soundkeeper issued the first boatersguide many things have changed: productsadvertising “biodegradable,” “environmentallyfriendly” and “non-toxic” have become increasinglycommon at most marine outlets. Marine pump-outstations and mobile services have become moreaccessible and convenient for boaters to use.Many other publications work to increase publicawareness of the environmental impacts associatedwith recreational boating. Soundkeeper supports theefforts of the individuals and groups that have madethese changes possible and will continue workingwith these groups to address the problems thatimpact life in Puget Sound.Trash is still the most visible kind of pollutionthroughout the Sound. Plastic bottles, pieces ofstyrofoam, discarded nets, beer and pop cans and anunbelievable assortment of appliances and engineblocks dot the shorelines and cover the beachesfrom Olympia to the San Juan Islands. Plastic andother trash often trap, injure and kill aquatic life andbirds and foul props or intake fittings on boats.Less visible, but equally dangerous, oils, detergents,sewage and toxic products carelessly dischargedinto the water directly impact life in Puget Sound.Fish, shellfish, sea birds and other forms of aquaticlife all require a balance of nutrients, oxygen andclean water to survive. Too many nutrients, too littleoxygen or the presence of even small quantities oftoxic products in the water can have a devastatingimpact on the balance of life in the Sound.In our first editions we presented suggestions toboaters on the safe use and disposal of potentiallyharmful products and simple tips on some saferalternative products. In this edition we would like togo a step further and ask boaters to challenge oldhabits. The impact from boating doesn’t have to benegative. Working together we can protect the qualityof life in the Sound while we enjoy cruising, sailing,paddling or just walking the beaches of Puget Sound.68 Sound Information: A Boater's Guide
The Magic of Puget SoundGeologyThe present look of the Puget Sound basin beganto take shape 2.2 million years ago. After millionsof years of shifting continental plates, collisions oflarge land masses, and massive volcanic eruptions,what we know as the Cascade and Olympic rangesemerged. These mountains formed a long northsouth trough and defined the Sound’s east andwest boundaries. Several advances and retreatsof glaciers worked to give our area its uniquecharacteristics.The last glacial advance took place just 15,000years ago. It has been termed the Vashon Glacier forthe deposits it left on Vashon Island. At its heightit covered the Puget Sound basin with over 3,000feet of ice and advanced as far as Tenino, south ofOlympia. The only ice-free areas were the peaks ofthe Cascades to the east and the Olympics to thewest, all else was ice. The Vashon glacier began itsslow withdrawal 14,000 years ago, leaving behindits fingerprints for us to discover and decipher. Thelarge U-shaped valleys in the North Cascades aswell as the low-rounded hills prevalent around PugetSound are a signature of these glaciers.As residents of PugetSound, we are blessed witha magical combination ofwater and land that formone of the most beautifulenvironments anywhere.This booklet is meant tohelp you better preservethe water environmentwe all enjoy by betterunderstanding your effectson this fragile ecosystem.Each time you launch yourboat and head off into thewaters of Puget Sound, youenter a world millions ofyears in the making. Beforewe contemplate the health oftoday's Sound, it might helpto understand its past.The most evident feature of the glaciers’ advance isthe Sound itself. Glaciers dug deep troughs throughthe Sound, the deepest point being a 930 foot holejust off Point Jefferson. Depths of 600-800 feet arecommon. Three large underwater ridges known assills separate the major basins of Puget Sound. Thefirst is at Admiralty Inlet (218 ft.), where the Strait ofJuan de Fuca enters the Sound, the second is at theentrance to Hood Canal at South Point (175 ft.), andthe third at Tacoma Narrows (145 ft.) These largeridges act like dams to the currents of ocean waterentering the sound. Due to this geography, much ofPuget Sound is only flushed out twice a year, withsome areas such as Hood Canal, just once a year.With such a limited exchange of water through theSound, it is easy to understand the serious effectsof pollution in our waters.Boater’sTheMagicDirectoryof Puget Sound979
FYI: FishingThe Magic of Puget Sound(continued)Do it in Season! Take onlythe legal limit (or less) andsafely release undersizefish and non-target species.Consult the current fishingregulations pamphlet forlimits and restrictions. At firstglance "the regs" may appearcomplex, because harvestlimits and closures vary byarea, species and time ofyear but specific rules for agiven area at a given time arenot complicated at all.Life in Puget SoundPractice accurate speciesidentification and properrelease techniques (forprotected species or undersize fish), and remember touse barbless hooks (pinchdown hook barbs if present)in all saltwater areas ofWashington State. Be sureto safely release evenunwanted species becausethey perform an importantecological function in theSound. As always, pleaseremember to dispose ofunwanted or excess fishingline, weights and tackle onshore.For more information contact:Washington Department ofFish and Wildlife360.902.2500wdfw.wa.gov810Sound Information: A Boater's GuideThe beauty of our waters is obvious to everyone, butbeneath this beauty is a complex system that is understress. If we better understand the geology, history,web of life and how humans impact the Sound we willbe better able to protect and enjoy it.Our ecosystem is an intricately connected web of life. Thisvast web, which links the survival of the smallest plantsand animals in the sediments to that of the largest, existsin a delicate state of balance. The health of the organismsdepends on the health of those on which they feed andfeed on them. Destruction of wetlands, loss of spawninghabitat, declining food sources and various forms ofmarine pollution can have devastating effects on theentire web which ultimately includes you and me.Although nature often surprises us with its resiliency,small changes can have lasting effects throughoutthe region. Contaminants that are released into PugetSound waters enter the food chain at many differentlevels and affect the health of all organisms within theecosystem. Concentrated over time, the effect of thesecontaminants is magnified greatly, especially in predatorspecies. This was brought into sharp relief when adead orca whale found in the Strait of Juan de Fucawas measured with the highest toxic PCB levels of anymarine mammal anywhere in the world, ever.In Puget Sound, sediment contamination has beenscientifically linked to cancerous liver tumors andreproductive failure in several species of bottom fish.Sewage discharges have forced restrictions or closureof many of the Sound’s commercial shellfish beds.Stormwater runoff, combined sewer overflows, industrialdischargers, failing residential septic systems and poorfarming or livestock practices all contribute substantiallyto the pollution of the Sound. As individual boaters weare certainly only a small part of the overall problem,but multiplied by 50,000 (the number of recreationalboats permanently moored on the Sound) the combinedeffects of our individual actions do have a direct impacton the health of the ecosystem. As boaters, we knowthe challenges of boating without polluting, but there is
FYI: Clams, Craband Shrimproom for improvement in many common practices. Thisguide is your invitation to join us in working to preserve,protect and enjoy the natural beauty of Puget Sound.Fish and ShellfishMost shellfish, such as clams and oysters, feed byfiltering huge quantities of water through their systems.When the waters or sediments are contaminated,shellfish pick up and accumulate pathogens includingdisease-causing bacteria and viruses. While thesepathogens may not directly harm the shellfish, whenshellfish are eaten by marine mammals or humans,pathogens and toxins are passed on, sometimes withdeadly consequences.Many of Washington’s prime shellfish beds havebeen closed to harvesting as a result of fecal coliformbacteria—an indicator of elevated levels of rawsewage. Of the 466 public recreational shellfish beaches,roughly two thi
Sound Information: A Boater’s Guide A publication of Puget Soundkeeper 2015– 2016 Ed i t i o n Andy Gregory, Project Coordinator and Editor 2014-2015 Barbara Owens, Project Coordinator and Editor 2012-2013
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Handbook: Sound Waves Homework pg. 24 Simulation: Sound Waves 8 The Propagation of Sound Speed of sound Read: Speed of Sound, pg. 243 Problems: pg. 243 #1,3, pg. 246 #1,2,5 Handbook: Propagation of Sound Homework pg. 26 Video: Transverse and Longitudinal Waves 9 The Interference of Sound Interference of sound waves, beat
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Trooper Assists Disabled Boater - Agency Lake A Fish and Wildlife Trooper responded with Klamath County Sheriff's Office to the report of a disabled boater on Agency Lake near the mouth of the Wood River. The Trooper located the boat from the Wood River Wetlands. A duck hunter was able to tow the disabled boat to a private boat launch where
BASICS OF SOUND SOUND PRESSURE VERSUS SOUND POWER There are two common measures to quantify the level of sound: sound pressure and sound power. Both are . Enclosure Level-1 Sound Measurement Clock Position Octave Band Frequency (Hz) Overall 63 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000 Level 3:00 67.8 75.4 76.3 77.6 76.0 76.1 68.5 62.7 83.6
ANSI A300 Part 4 ( American National Standards Institute, Standard for Lightning protection Systems For Trees ) recommends designing the earth (ground) termination based on a visual inspection of the soil and its moisture content. This is not possible as water is an insulator not a conductor; it is the dissolved salts in the water that give it its conductive properties. These salts are not .
