S EGYPTIAN PROTECTED AREAS
MINISTRY OF STATE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL AFFAIRSEGYPTIAN ENVIRONMENTAL AFFAIRS AGENCYSUPPORT TO THE EGYPTIAN PROTECTED AREAS (SEPA)
Italian-Egyptian Debt for Development Swap ProgramTABLE OF CONTENTAcronymsEXECUTIVE SUMMARY34A. PRESENTATION OF THE APPLICANT: experience in the sector andin the geographical area of the proposal6B. PRESENTATION OF THE IMPLEMENTING AGENCY: experience in thesector and in the geographical area of the proposal8C. THE PROPOSAL1. CONTEXT AND BACKGROUND1.1 Situation in the sector/geographic areas and issues to be addressed1.2 Institutional framework, policies and programmes1.3 Existing initiatives101112142. THE PROJECT2.1 Project Strategy2.2 Overall Objective2.3 Specific objectives2.4 Expected Results and Indicators2.5 Activities2.6 Assumptions and Risks2.7 Location2.8 Final Target Groups/Beneficiaries2.9 Duration and Working Plan2.10 Budget: Human Resources, Contracts and other expenses161717181821222222223. IMPLEMENTATION MODALITIES3.1 Management Structure3.2 Partnership with International institutions/agencies3.3 Stakeholders3.4 Monitoring and Evaluation33333434354. SUSTAINABILITY4.1 Economic and Financial sustainability4.2 Institutional sustainability4.3 Socio-cultural sustainability3637375. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT38D. ANNEXESLogical FrameworkOverall Working PlanOverall BudgetFinancial Plan per yearResources Allocation Sheet per semesterIEDS 2392
Italian-Egyptian Debt for Development Swap ProgramAcronymsDGCD: Directorate General of Cooperation for DevelopmentEEAA: Egyptian Environmental Affairs AgencyEEPA: Enhancement of the Egyptian Protected AreasEIDS: Egyptian-Italian Debt for Development Swap ProgrammeEIECP: Egyptian-Italian Environmental Cooperation ProgrammeGEF: Global Environmental FacilityGIS: Geographical Information SystemGKNP: Gilf Kebir National ParkGMS: General Management SupportGOE: Government of EgyptHQ: HeadquartersICM: International Co-managerIEDS: Italian Egyptian Debt SwapISS: Implementation Support ServicesIUCN: International Union for Conservation of NatureLIFP: Legal and Institutional Framework ProjectMSEA: Ministry of State for Environmental AffairsNCM: National Co-ManagerNCS: Nature Conservation SectorNCSCB: Nature Conservation Sector Capacity Building projectNEAP: National Environmental Action PlanPA: Protected AreaPAMU: Protected Area Management UnitPANV: Protected Area New ValleyPMU: Project Management UnitPOPP: Program and Operations Policies and ProceduresRBM: Results Based ManagementSEPA: Support to the Egyptian Protected AreasTSU: Technical Support UnitUNDP: United Nations Development ProgrammeWGNP: Wadi Gamal National ParkWRPA: Wadi el Rayan Protected AreaIEDS 23
Italian-Egyptian Debt for Development Swap ProgramITALIAN EGYPTIAN DEBT FOR DEVELOPMENT SWAP PROGRAM(AGREEMENT SIGNED IN CAIRO ON 03.06.2007)PROJECT DOCUMENTEXECUTIVE SUMMARYProject titleBrief Project DescriptionSupport to the Egyptian Protected Areas (SEPA)SEPA project is to be considered as a natural evolution of theEgyptian-Italian Environmental Cooperation Programme(EIECP). In this framework, it will contribute to guaranteethe sustainability of the activities undertaken to enhance thesystem of the Protected Areas of Egypt, in preparation of thethird forthcoming phase of the EIECP and throughcomplementary and synergic actions to the UNDP-GEFproject “Strengthening Protected Areas‟ financing andmanagement systems”.The intervention will carry out its activities in Siwa ProtectedArea, Wadi el Rayan Protected Area, Gilf Kebir NationalPark, Wadi Gamal National Park and the recently declaredSalloum Protected Area.Building on the experience gained through the interventionsalready implemented in the framework of EIECP, the projectwill further strengthen the Management Units of the targetedProtected Areas (PAMUs), develop sustainable tourism, aswell as contribute to the promotion of world-class parks,which can enhance the conservation of both the natural andcultural heritage, from one side, and act as a propulsiveinstrument for the socio-economic sustainable development ofthe local communities, from the other.Total Budget LESector of interventionApplicantLE 11,000,000 (eleven million Egyptian pounds)Environmental protection and conservationMinistry of State for Environmental Affairs (MSEA)/EgyptianEnvironmental Affairs Agency (EEAA)United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)Governorate of Marsa Matrouh: Siwa and Salloum ProtectedAreasGovernorate of Fayoum: Wadi el Rayan Protected AreaGovernorate of New Valley: Gilf Kebir National ParkGovernorate of Red Sea: Wadi Gamal National Park24 months (twenty-four months)Support and enhance the system of the Egyptian ProtectedAreas, contributing towards sustainable developmentprocesses and eco-tourism promotion.Ministry of State for Environmental Affairs (MSEA)/EgyptianEnvironmental Affairs Agency (EEAA); Governorates ofMarsa Matrouh, Fayoum, New Valley and Red Sea, relateddistricts and local communities, population living in andImplementing AgencyLocationDurationOverall ObjectiveBeneficiariesIEDS 24
Italian-Egyptian Debt for Development Swap Programaround the PAs, tourism sector.Expected ResultsR 1: EEAA capacities and resources for management andconservation are enhanced in Siwa Protected Area (Siwa PA),Salloum Protected Area (Salloum PA), Gilf Kebir NationalPark (GKNP), Wadi el Rayan Protected Area (WRPA) andWadi Gamal National Park (WGNP).R 2: The Visitor Centers established in the frame of EIECP(Siwa Visitor Center, Wadi el Rayan Visitor Center, GilfKebir Information Center in Dakhla) are fully operational.R 3: Visitor facilities in the target areas are developed andenhanced as World class tourism destinations.R 4: Information and Communication tools are produced, andenvironmental awareness is promoted in the selected PAs.IEDS 25
Italian-Egyptian Debt for Development Swap ProgramA.PRESENTATION OFTHE APPLICANT : experience in the sector and in thegeographical areas of the proposalFull legal name:Acronym:Address:Telephone / Fax number:E-mail:Website:Legal Representative:Contact person:Contact person‟s address, e-mail,tel./fax number:Ministry of State for EnvironmentalAffairs/Egyptian Environmental Affairs AgencyMSEA/EEAA30 Misr Helwan El-Zyrae Road, Maadi , Cairo,EgyptTel. 2 02 25256452Fax. 2 02 25256490eeaa @eeaa.gov.egwww.eeaa.gov.egDr. Mawaheb Abou al Azm, EEAA ChiefExecutive OfficerGen. Ahmed Ali, Head Director of CentralProtected AreasAhmedali NCS@hotmail.comTel. 2 01515094881Heba adel88@hotmail.comThe Ministry of State for Environmental Affairs (MSEA) is the Government Authorityresponsible for environmental policy in Egypt. The Egyptian Environmental AffairsAgency (EEAA) is the main MSEA executive and administrative body responsible forpromoting and protecting the environment. EEAA was first established under decree No.631 of 1982 within the Prime Minister‟s Office; its role was further clarified andstrengthened by Law 4/1994 on the Environment, which was amended by Law No.9/2009thanks to the efforts exerted by the Legal and Institutional Framework Project (LIFP)implemented in the frame of the EIECP II.The EEAA has five technical sectors: 1) Environmental Quality; 2) EnvironmentalManagement; 3) Nature Conservation Sector-NCS; 4) Branches Affairs Sector; 5)Financial and Administrative Affairs Sector. In addition, it includes five centraldepartments: i) Environmental information, public awareness and training; ii)Information Computer Center; iii) Technical support, International relation andCooperation; vi) Industrial Environment improvement and Protection and ClimateChange; v) CEO technical office.The NCS, which was established in 1995, is the institution responsible for themanagement of PAs, the implementation of conservation measures therein, and theenforcement of environmental law within the PAs. It is the organization entrusted withundertaking the necessary policies, programs, studies and other actions to ensurecompliance with the habitat and species protection legislation and commitments tointernational conventions for the conservation of nature. According to EEAAOrganization Structure, approved by the Central Agency for Organization andAdministration in September 2006, the NCS is comprised of two departments: Centraladministration of Protected Areas and Central administration of Biodiversity. The formerIEDS 26
Italian-Egyptian Debt for Development Swap Programoversees the National Protected Area Network, while the latter provides studies andresearches, information and other services.Being the institution responsible for the management of PAs, the experience ofEEAA/NCS in the geographical areas of the proposed project is undoubted. The PAs,which are currently under the supervision of EEAA/NCS are the following 29: ElOmayed, Lake Burullus, Ashtum El Gamil, Zaranik, Alahrash, Siwa Oasis, The WhiteDesert, Wadi El Rayan, Lake Qarun, El Hassana Dome, Maadi Petrified Forest, WadiDigla, Wadi Sannur Cave, Taba, Abu Galum, St Katherine, Nabq, Ras Mohamed, WadiEl Asyuti, The Nile River Islands, Saluga-Ghazal, Wadi Gemal, Gebel Elba, Wadi ElAlaqi, Gilf Kebir National Park, The Northern Red Sea Islands, Umm El-Dababyia,Salloum, Bahariya.IEDS 27
Italian-Egyptian Debt for Development Swap ProgramB. PRESENTATIONOF THE IMPLEMENTING AGENCY: experience in thesector and in the geographical areas of the proposalFull legal name:Acronym:Address:Telephone / fax number:E-mail:Website:Legal Representative:Contact person:Contact person‟s address, e-mail,tel./fax number:United Nations Development ProgrammeUNDP1191 Corniche El Nil, World Trade Centre,Boulac, Cairo, EgyptP.O. BOX 982, Post Code 11599Tel. 2 02 2578 4840 - 6Fax 2 02 2578 4847registry.eg@undp.orgwww.undp.org.egMounir Thabet, Country DirectorAmany Nakhla, Programme Analystamany.nakhla@undp.orgTel 2 02 2578 4840 - 6Fax 2 02 2578 4847UNDP‟s overall mission is to help the Egyptian Government in its efforts to reducepoverty and to promote sustainable development policies. UNDP Egypt supportsactivities in four practice areas: Poverty reduction, Energy and Environment, DemocraticGovernance, and Crisis Prevention and Recovery. Like many other UNDP offices, UNDPEgypt has adopted the so-called “Results Based Management” (RBM) approach, creatinga results-orientated project management system.UNDP‟s Environment Programme tenders a wide range of specialized areas that supportthe promotion of sustainable development. Egypt faces many environmental challenges,protecting the country‟s natural resources, and regenerating those resources which havesuffered degradation stand as important features of sustainable development and thecampaign to help the poor. UNDP is helping the MSEA to build its capacity to manageenvironmental resources and to develop strategies so that Egypt can meet its obligationsto international conventions and treaties.In partnership with the EIECP since 2005, UNDP has supported the EgyptianEnvironmental Affairs Agency (EEAA) in establishing several of these protectorates,preparing and partially implementing management plans for Wadi el-Rayan/Wadi elHitan (first natural heritage site in Egypt), Gabel Elba, White Desert and Gilf Kebir.Other Protected Areas targeted by UNDP are Zaranik, Burulus, Omayed and St.Katherine, as well as those included in the UNDP-GEF project on PAs‟ financialsustainability, among which Wadi Gamal National Park is one of the most important.UNDP applies the National Execution Modality in project implementation whichincludes: quality assurances, general oversight, technical support and financialmonitoring. In addition, UNDP applies international standards for resource mobilization,monitoring and evaluation and auditing to ensure the proper usage of donor funds.IEDS 28
Italian-Egyptian Debt for Development Swap ProgramUNDP provides advice to the government on environmental management policies,strategies and best practices and helps to foster partnerships among donors, civil societyorganizations, the private sector and research institutes on environmental protection at theinternational, regional and local levels.IEDS 29
Italian-Egyptian Debt for Development Swap ProgramC. THE PROPOSAL1- CONTEXT / BACKGROUNDThe establishment of Protected Areas is one of the main instruments of Egypt‟s strategyfor conserving biodiversity and other natural and cultural resources. The creation,development and management of national protectorates is part of the overallenvironmental and development strategy of Egypt. Since the 1980‟s the EgyptianGovernment has undertaken initiatives to preserve significant portions of natural habitatsfrom resource depletion and human disturbance.In the frame of the EIECP I and II, ongoing efforts have been exerted to promote thesocio-economic development of the local communities living within the PAs, as well asto ensure their involvement in the activities of the PAs and in the tourism sector. Theintervention proposed in the present document is to be considered as a natural evolutionof the Egyptian-Italian Environmental Cooperation Programme (EIECP). In thisframework, it will contribute to guarantee the sustainability of the numerous activitiesundertaken to develop the system of the PAs of Egypt, in preparation of the thirdforthcoming phase of the EIECP and through complementary and synergic actions to theUNDP-GEF project “Strengthening Protected Areas‟ financing and managementsystems”.The main aim of the UNDP-GEF project is to ensure the biodiversity and natureconservation by establishing a sustainable protected area financing and managementsystem in Egypt. The foundation of the long-term solution is a sustainable financingsystem based on the following three pillars: (i) Legal, regulatory and institutionalframeworks that support sustainable PA financing; (ii) Tools and practices for revenuegeneration and mobilization, and; (iii) Business planning and other tools for costeffective management.The I phase of the EIECP was agreed through the Memorandum of Understanding(MOU) signed on June 18th, 1998 between the Egyptian MSEA/ EEAA and the ItalianMinistry of Foreign Affairs/Directorate General of Cooperation for Development(DGCD).The II phase of the EIECP was agreed through the MOU signed on November 5th, 2003between the MSEA and the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs/ DGCD. It was designedby DGCD and EEAA to be implemented through the United Nations DevelopmentProgramme (UNDP), with the aim of contributing towards the implementation of theNational Environmental Action Plan (NEAP) 2002-2017. Moreover, the ManagementCommittee of the Italian-Egyptian Debt-for-Development Swap Program phase Iapproved to co-finance the Program and a specific Project Implementing Agreement, wassigned on January 21, 2004, between the abovementioned Management Committee andthe MSEA/ EEAA.In the frame of the EIECP, the UNDP-Egyptian-Italian partnership adopted a crosscutting and comprehensive methodology to the overall environmental sector,strengthening national capacities to ensure the achievement of sustainable developmentgoals, through an integrated and policy-driven approach.The Program aimed at promoting a sound management of the Protected Areas of Egypt,through interventions both at local and central levels, thanks to the human, technical andIEDS 210
Italian-Egyptian Debt for Development Swap Programphysical resources, which have been provided. The interventions in the field of ProtectedAreas focused on Gabal Elba, Wadi el Rayan/Wadi el Hitan, White Desert, Gilf Kebirand, partially, Siwa. Other fields of interventions have targeted environmental legislation,water resources and solid waste management, as well as sustainable agriculture,archaeological and cultural heritage.Protected Areas are considered of pivotal and strategic importance for the future of thecountry, also due to their strong economic potential, in particular when related tosustainable development principles. In this context, SEPA project will contribute towardsfacilitating sustainable development processes within the system of the Protected Areasof Egypt, which were initiated through the UNDP-Egyptian-Italian partnership within theEIECP. Moreover, SEPA project will contribute towards the empowerment of the localcommunities, living in and around the Protected Areas, through direct participation inlocal economic, touristic and cultural activities.1.1 –Situation in the sector /geographic areas and issues to be addressedThe selected Protected Areas (PAs) targeted by SEPA project are Siwa, Salloum, Wadi elRayan, Gilf Kebir National Park and Wadi Gamal National Park. The abovementionedPAs are considered by the Ministry of State for Environmental Affairs of strategicimportance for the development of the whole system of the Egyptian PAs, they haverelevant untapped potentials for the local and national economy, as they support anincreasingly active formal and informal tourism sector. The development andimplementation of a correct and effective management of the PAs, as well as thepromotion of sustainable tourism, is vital if their values are to be secured.Although many results were achieved by the UNDP-Egyptian-Italian partnership withinthe EIECP, the proposed intervention will tackle the still remaining constraints in termsof effective management and conservation of the selected PAs, also in relation to themanagement of the tourist facilities, such as the Visitor Centers. Moreover, SEPA willpositively affect the conservation and valorisation of the natural and cultural resources ofthe Protected Areas and minimize the threats posed by the increasing number of tourists.Among the 5 targeted PAs, Wadi Rayan and in particular the exemplary development ofthe site of Wadi Hitan, as well as the proposed establishment of the fossil museum inWadi Hitan, will be considered as a model for the successful development andmanagement of other PAs, representing a world class terrestrial Protected Area in termsof management, human and technical resources available.Indeed, the selected PAs represent a major attraction for visitors, who often camp for oneor more nights in the desert. Signs of degradation of the habitats and features areincreasingly visible, and include, for example in the Gilf Kebir National Park, damageto geological features or to archaeological remains, due to random driving anduncontrolled waste disposal, as well as inadequate management of touristic flows. Thedegradation of the natural resources and the reduction of biodiversity may therefore spoilprime assets for nature-based tourism and associated activities, which represent crucialingredients for pursuing a more sustainable development approach in the region.Moreover, Siwa Protected Area needs to be supported in terms of effective managementand conservation. The newly introduced but rapidly growing economic activities arethreatening the unique rich and diverse natural environment, since most private sectorIEDS 211
Italian-Egyptian Debt for Development Swap Programinvestments, which are penetrating Siwa, are targeting sectors, which have a negativeimpact on conservation of biodiversity and cultural heritage. In this context, SEPAproject will address some of the requirements of the PA, following the guidelines of the“Sustainable Tourism in Siwa: an integrated strategy for the Siwa Protected Area”, whichwas produced in the frame of the EIECP.Salloum was only recently (2010) declared as a marine protected area, lacking anyterrestrial component. The Protected Area Management Unit (PAMU), as well as theadministrative building need to be established.Support is needed to build the capacities of the PA, to carry out pilot schemes ofenvironmental monitoring (flora and fauna), to assist local communities, as well as toproduce a set of information, communication and outreach tools, also targeting localfishermen‟s community and their cooperative societies. In particular, in Salloum fewinhabitants are engaged in traditional fishing activities. The curr
project “Strengthening Protected Areas‟ financing and management systems”. The intervention will carry out its activities in Siwa Protected Area, Wadi el Rayan Protected Area, Gilf Kebir National Park, Wadi Gamal National Park and the recently declared Salloum Protected Area. Building on the experience gained through the interventions
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Practical, profitable, protected A starter guide to developing sustainable tourism in protected areas 3 This book is a practical manual on how to develop and manage tourism in protected areas. It is for all those responsible for the management of protected areas as tourism destinations. These include not only protected-area managers but also local
3.1 Ecosystem services theory 7 3.1.1 Benefits and costs of ecosystem services 7 3.1.2 Consumptive benefits of protected areas 8 3.1.3 Non-consumptive benefits of protected areas 9 3.2 The value of economic modelling to stakeholders 10 3.3 Criticism and necessity of the commodity approach 10 4.0 FINANCING PROTECTED AREAS 12
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