FSD-18A, 21A, & 23A STEERABLE DRIVE AXLE SERVICE MANUAL .
SERVICE MANUAL625-0518()FSD-18A, 21A, & 23A STEERABLE DRIVE AXLESERVICE MANUAL625-0518()Fabco Automotive Corporation, Livermore, CA Ph: (925) 454-9500 Fax: (925) 454-9501 1-(800) 967-8838 www.fabcoautomotive.com
SERVICE MANUAL625-0518()TABLE OF CONTENTSINTRODUCTION . . 1.0General Description . . .1.1Operation . . . .1.2Operating Instructions . . . . 1.3Specifications . . . . . .1.4Steerable Drive Axle General Dimensions .1.5LUBRICATION . . . 2.0Recommended Lubricants. . .2.1Wheel Bearings . . .2.2Universal Joints . . . . . 2.3Kingpin Bearings . . . . . 2.4Differential Carriers . 2.5Steering Tie Rod Ends . . . 2.6AXLE ADJUSTMENTS . . . .3.0General .3.1Wheel Bearing Adjustment . . . .3.2Kingpin Adjustment .3.3Toe-In Adjustment . . .3.4Steering Stop Adjustment . . .3.5Camber Adjustment .3.6Brake Adjustment .3.7STEERABLE DRIVE END DISASSEMBLY . .4.0General Precautions for Disassembly . .4.1Brake Drum, Hub, and Wheel Bearings . .4.2Brake and Wheel Spindle . . .4.3Spindle Yoke Removal .4.4CLEANING AND INSPECTION . .5.0Choice of Cleaning Methods . . .5.1Drying and Corrosion Inhibition . . 5.2Inspection . . .5.3STEERABLE DRIVE END ASSEMBLY . . .6.0General Precautions for Assembly . . . .6.1Spindle Installation . . . 6.2Brake Equipment . . . .6.3Wheel Bearings, Hub, and Brake Drum . . .6.4Fabco Automotive Corporation, Livermore, CA Ph: (925) 454-9500 Fax: (925) 454-9501 1-(800) 967-8838 www.fabcoautomotive.com
SERVICE MANUAL625-0518()TABLE OF CONTENTSADDITIONAL SERVICE PROCEDURES . .7.0Steerable Drive End Removal . . 7.1Differential Carrier Removal . . 7.2TORQUE SCIFICATIONS .8.0SPECIAL TOOLS . . .9.0Wheel End Inner Seal Driver .9.1Wheel Hub Seal Driver . .9.2Lower Kingpin Seal Driver .9.3Lower Kingpin Bearing Driver .9.4Upper Kingpin Seal Driver .9.5Upper Kingpin Bearing Driver .9.6Inner Axle Seal Driver .9.7Upper Kingpin Ball Stud Puller .9.8Camshaft Seal Driver (Brake Bracket) . .9.9Camshaft Bushing Driver (Brake Bracket) .9.10Camshaft Seal Driver (Spindle Yoke) .9.11Camshaft Bushing Driver (Spindle Yoke) .9.12Steerable End Removal Tool .9.13Lower Kingpin Locknut Tool .9.14Lower Kingpin Ball Stud Removal Tool .9.15Hub Bearing Lock Nut Tool .9.16ILLUSTRATED PARTS AND LIST . . . . SEE PARTS MANUALFabco Automotive Corporation, Livermore, CA Ph: (925) 454-9500 Fax: (925) 454-9501 1-(800) 967-8838 www.fabcoautomotive.com
SERVICE MANUAL625-0518()1.0 INTRODUCTION1.1 GENERAL DESCRIPTIONThe Fabco Steerable Drive Axle consists of fourmajor assemblies; the axle housing, twosteerable drive ends, and a differential carrier.A steering tie rod links the right and leftsteerable ends, and steering in put is deliveredvia a steering arm. The steering arm is usuallylocated on the left steerable end, although righthand or even dual steering arms are available.1.2 OPERATIONDriving forces are put into the axle at the pinionyoke on the differential carrier; they passthrough the differential to the inner axle shaftsand on to the universal joints. The yoke shaftsget their power from the U- joints and transfer itby means of splines to the drive flanges, whichare bolted to the wheel hubs, thus rotating thewheels.transmitted through out the possible range ofsteering in puts.The axle is equipped with S-cam air brakes andautomatic slack adjusters.1.3 OPERATING INSTRUCTIONSIn conditions where the vehicle's rear wheelsmight spin, such as sand, loose dirt, mud,snow, ice, or ascending grades, the front driveaxle can be shifted into operation for improvedtraction. Engagement can be made at anyvehicle speed, pro vided that the rear wheelsare not spinning. Engagement is bestaccomplished when the engine is pulling lightly.NOTESWhen steered, the outer section of eachsteerable drive end rotates about the kingpincenter line. The U- joint, centered on thekingpin centerline, allows power to beFabco Automotive Corporation, Livermore, CA Ph: (925) 454-9500 Fax: (925) 454-9501 1-(800) 967-8838 www.fabcoautomotive.com
SERVICE MANUAL625-0518()1.4 STEERABLE DRIVE AXLE SPECIFICATIONS - FABCO MODEL FSD-18A, 21A, & 23AThe Fabco Model FSD-23A Steerable Drive Axle is an exposed Cardan joint design developed for useon-highway with rough terrain capability. This is a low profile axle, which packages similar to a hubreduction design, but is of North American design and manufacture. The axle utilizes the decadesproven Fabco design philosophy of light weight and strong fabricated steel design, spherical king pinsfor excellent steering performance and easy maintenance.Nominal Capacity18,000, 21,000 & 23,000-lb.BrakesTypeSizeChamberCertificationSlack AdjusterDrum, S-cam16.5-Inch Diameter x 7-Inch30-Inch2FMVSS 121Automatic, Gunite StandardHousingFabricated Steel, Cast Banjo, Center BowlCamber1/2 PositiveWheelsMountingMinimum Wheel Size10-Studs on 285.75-mm Hub Piloted Standard20-InchDifferential Carrier Ring Gear Diameter14.5-Inch HypoidSingle Reduction Ratios3.31, 3.73, 4.10, 4.56, 4.88, 5.13, 5.71, 6.33Universal JointSingle Cardan, Permanently LubricatedSteeringAckerman to Match WheelbasesDual Steering ArmsKingpinsTypeInclinationSpherical, Nylatron Races5 Track95.0-Inch Over Wheel Mounts StandardTurn AngleType35 LubricationTypeSAE 75-90, 80W-140 GL5Weight-Dry1,800-lb.Fabco Automotive Corporation, Livermore, CA Ph: (925) 454-9500 Fax: (925) 454-9501 1-(800) 967-8838 www.fabcoautomotive.com
SERVICE MANUAL625-0518()1.5 STEERABLE DRIVE AXLE GENERAL DIMENSIONSFabco Automotive Corporation, Livermore, CA Ph: (925) 454-9500 Fax: (925) 454-9501 1-(800) 967-8838 www.fabcoautomotive.com
SERVICE MANUAL625-0518()2.0 LUBRICATION2.1 RECOMMENDED LUBRICANTSstud itself. The upper kingpin fitting is on thesteering arm or upper kingpin cap.1. Gear Oil:Temperature-40 F to 100 F(-40 C to 38 C)GradeSAE 75W-90 GL5-15 F to 120 F(-26 C to 49 C)SAE 80W-140 GL52. Chassis Grease:TemperatureAbove 32 F (0 C)Below 32 F (0 C)GradeMIL-G-10294MIL-G-102943. Wheel Bearing Grease:TemperatureAbove 32 F (0 C)Below 32 F (0 C)GradeNLGI Grade #2NLGI Grade #22.2 WHEEL BEARINGSWheel bearings require cleaning, inspection,and packing with grease at each brake reline.Wheel bearings should be lubricated inaccordance with the vehicle manufacturer'srecommendations. When greasing, liberallypack both inner and outer bearings, ensuringthat the grease has penetrated thoroughly intothe cage and roller assembly. Prior toreassembly, coat the race ways and interior hubsurfaces as well.2.5 DIFFERENTIAL CARRIERSDifferential carriers should have the lubricantchanged at the same interval as the rear axleon the vehicle, or approximately 10,000 miles.Drain while lubricant is warm and clean themagnetic drain plug. Removal of the fill plug willallow quicker drainage. Be sure to allow thehousing to drain completely. Reinstall the drainplug and fill the housing to the bottom of the fillplug with the appropriate gear oil. Check forleaks. SAE 140 gear oil (meeting MIL- L-2105B) is appropriate for most operating conditions.For extreme conditions, follow the vehiclemanufacturers recommendations for the rearaxle and apply them to the front axle.2.6 STEERING TIE ROD ENDSTie rod ends should be lubricated every 1,000miles at each chassis lubrication. Inspect forloose, bent, or other wise damagedcomponents. Careful attention to such detail isa vital safety factor.NOTES2.3 UNIVERSAL JOINTUniversal joints are lubricated and sealed at thefactory, and should require no additionalmaintenance throughout their service life.2.4 KINGPIN BEARINGSKingpin bearings should be lubricated at eachchassis lubrication (approximately 1,000 mileintervals). To ensure thorough lubrication, thefront axle should be raised slightly to relievevehicle weight. The lower king pin lube fitting islocated at the bottom of the lower kingpin ballFabco Automotive Corporation, Livermore, CA Ph: (925) 454-9500 Fax: (925) 454-9501 1-(800) 967-8838 www.fabcoautomotive.com
SERVICE MANUAL625-0518()3.0 AXLE ADJUSTMENT3.1 GENERALFigure 2Adjustments may be necessary after anaccident, in response to or to correct steeringproblems, tire wear problems, or as part of thereassemblyprocessafterathoroughinspection.3.2 WHEEL BEARING ADJUSTMENT1. The front of the vehicle should beraised, properly supported, and the frontwheels removed from the axle.2. Then remove the brake drum.3. Remove the eight 5/8" outer drive flangelocknuts.4. The drive flange should be looseenough to remove by hand. If it is not,use two 1/2"-20 bolts in the extractorholes provided for this purpose. SeeFigure 1.Figure 17. Install the wheel bearing lock washerand wheel bearing adjustment nut, thentorque locknut to 400 lb.-ft. (See SectionSpecial Tools 9.16.) Next, one tab onthe lock washer should be bent inwardand one bent outward across the flattest part of the nut.NOTE: WITH THE OUTER LOCKNUT TORQUED TOSPECIFICATIONS THE WHEEL HUB SHOULD ROTATEFREELY.8. The wheel bearing end play should bechecked with a dial indicator as part ofthe adjustment procedure. See Figure3. The correct end play setting is no lessthan .002" and no more than .004".Figure 35. Remove the wheel bearing locknut andwasher from the spindle and loosen thebearing adjusting nut.6. Torque the bearing adjusting nut to 50lb.-ft. while simultaneously rotating thehub assembly. (See Section SpecialTools 9.16.) Loosen the nut and repeatthis procedure 2-3 times to ensure thatthe bearings are seated properly. Afterthe final tightening, back off the nut 1/4turn. See Figure 2.9. Reinstall the drive flange over the hubassembly. Then torque the drive flangelocknuts to 175 lb.- ft.Fabco Automotive Corporation, Livermore, CA Ph: (925) 454-9500 Fax: (925) 454-9501 1-(800) 967-8838 www.fabcoautomotive.com
SERVICE MANUAL625-0518()3.3 KINGPIN ADJUSTMENTFigure 51. The front of the vehicle should beraised, properly supported, and the frontwheels removed from the axle.2. Loosen the lower king pin locknut (seeSection 9.14 Special Tools) and back itdown enough to allow the lower king pinlock washer to disengage from itsretaining dowel pin. Remove the greasefitting. Back the lower king pin ball stud(see Section 9.15 Special Tools) downfour complete turns.3. Loosen the upper king pin adjustmentjam nut and back out the adjustingscrew four full turns. The drive endassembly will begin to lower as thescrew is turned out. See Figure 4.Figure 46. Advance the lower kingpin ball stud untilthe feeler gage stack or drift loosens.(See Section Special Tools 9.15.) Thisindicates that the ball stud threads areactually be ginning to spread thesuspension and spin le yokes apart. SeeFigure 6.Figure 64. Begin tightening the adjusting screw andcontinue until upward motion of thesteerable end stops. If a finger is placednear the gap between the suspensionand spindle yokes, the point at which upward travel stops can be readily felt.Additional resistance will also be felt inthe effort required to turn the adjustingscrew. The upper kingpin has now beenseated in its bushing.5. Place a stack of feeler gages or drift inthe gap between the suspension andspindle yokes in the area of the lowerking pin ball stud. The gages or driftshould fit snugly. Filling the gap. Nomeasurement is necessary. See Figure6.7. Back off the ball stud enough to al lowthe closest hole in the lower kingpin lockwasher to engage the retaining dowelpin. Apply grease to the surface of thelower kingpin lock washer that will facethe locknut. This helps keep the washerfrom turning when the locknut istightened. Torque the locknut to 2,000lb.-ft (See Section Special Tools 9.14).CAUTION: DO NOT TORQUE LOWER KINGPIN BALLSTUD.Back out the upper kingpin adjusting screw justenough to relieve pressure so the end can turnfreely (approximately 1/16 turn) and torque thejam nut to 75 lb.-ft.Fabco Automotive Corporation, Livermore, CA Ph: (925) 454-9500 Fax: (925) 454-9501 1-(800) 967-8838 www.fabcoautomotive.com
SERVICE MANUAL625-0518()3.4 TOE-IN ADJUSTMENT3.5 STEERING STOP ADJUSTMENTIt is not recommended to raise the front of thetruck to check toe-in; at the factory, the settingis made with the axle loaded to simulate actualoperating conditions. An expandable toe-inalignment bar is recommended but ifunavailable consult an alignment specialist.Since the FSD-18A, 21A, and 23A axles use anoff set tie rod tube, adjustment is not made byturning the tube it self, but rather by rotating asmall adjuster located at the left or right end ofthe tie rod tube. See Figure 7. It is critical tomaking the adjustment accurately that the frontwheels are as close to straight ahead aspossible. Loosen the tie rod adjuster and tie rodclamp.The steering stop adjustment is made at thefactory. There should be no need to alter it,unless a major component such as the axlehousing or spindle yoke has been replaced forsome reason. The turn angle is set at 35 , andthis can be checked with a carpenter's powersaw protractor on the wheel's inside rim and aT-square laid along the frame rail with thevehicle's steering at full lock. If an adjustment isnecessary, loosen the steering stop 12-pointadjusting screw on the rear of the spindle yokeand add or remove washers to achieve desiredturn angle. Torque the jam nut to 75 lb.-ft. Thetoe-in adjustment (Section 3.4) should becompleted before performing this procedure.Figure 7WARNING: THE POWER STEERING GEAR'S PRESSURERELIEF SHOULD OCCUR AT LEAST 1/8" BEFORE THEAXLE STEERING STOPS ARE CONTACTED. IF THEPOWER STEERING PRESSURE RELIEF NEEDSADJUSTMENT CONSULT WITH THE VEHICLE'SMANUFACTURER BEFORE OPERATING THE VEHICLE.FAILURE TO COMPLY CAN RESULT IN DAMAGE TOTHE STEERABLE DRIVE AXLE AND OTHER STEERINGCOMPONENTS.3.6 CAMBER ADJUSTMENT1. Which ever end the tie rod adjuster islocatedtoe-inisincreasedbyunscrewing the adjuster from the tie roditself. The correct setting is 0-1/8" toe-in.In the case of a vehicle with , the setting reverts to 0-1/8"toe-out (greater distance in the frontthan the rear). Consult a tire specialistfor a specific recommendation ifspecialized tires are used.2. Tighten both clamp bolts to 75 lb.-ft.Roll the vehicle forward a distance equalto four rotations of the wheels, takingcare to maintain their straight-aheadalignment. Recheck the toe-in andrepeat this procedure if necessary toobtain the correct dimension.Caster is specified by the vehicle manufacturerand can be adjusted only by means of shimsbetween the axle spring seat and the spring.Changing the caster will change the pinionangle and may affect the operation of the frontdrive shaft.3.6 BRAKE ADJUSTMENTAfter an initial setup procedure, brakeadjustment is made automatically by the slackadjusters, and should require no attentionbetween relines. To adjust the slack after abrake reline:1. Using a 7/16" socket, rotate the hexextension on the front of the slackadjuster clockwise until the shoes firstcontact the drum. See Figure 8. Rotatethe hex extension 1/2 turn counterclockwise to back off the shoes andprovide initial running clearance. Aratcheting noise while backing off isnormal.Fabco Automotive Corporation, Livermore, CA Ph: (925) 454-9500 Fax: (925) 454-9501 1-(800) 967-8838 www.fabcoautomotive.com
SERVICE MANUAL625-0518()Figure 82. Confirm that the drum rotates freely.Scraping noises are OK, but no heavydrag should exist. If excessive friction ispresent, continue to back off the hexextension in 1/8 turn increments untilfree motion is restored.NOTE: IT IS PREFERABLE TO HAVE A SLIGHTLYLOOSE INITIAL SETTING THAN ONE THAT IS TOOTIGHT. THE ADJUSTER WILL REMOVE EXTRA SLACK,BUT CANNOT ADD ANY.NOTESFabco Automotive Corporation, Livermore, CA Ph: (925) 454-9500 Fax: (925) 454-9501 1-(800) 967-8838 www.fabcoautomotive.com
SERVICE MANUAL625-0518()4.0 STEERABLE DRIVE END DISASSEMBLY4.1 GENERAL PRECAUTION FORDISASSEMBLYCAUTION: READ THIS SECTION BEFORE STARTINGTHE DISASSEMBLY PROCEDURES.1. Follow each procedure closely in eachsection, making use of both text andfigures.2. The outside of the unit should becarefullycleanedbeforestartingdisassembly. If steam cleaning, ensurethat breather and air fittings are coveredto prevent moisture from entering theassembly.WARNING: WHEN REMOVING THE BRAKE DRUMSTAKE SUITABLE PRECAUTIONS IF THE POSSIBILITYOF EXPOSURE TO ASBESTOS DUST EXIST. FABCOORIGINAL EQUIPMENT BRAKE SHOES ARE NOTASBESTOS BASED.3. Remove the eight 5/8" outer drive flangelocknuts.4. The drive flange should be looseenough to remove by hand. If it is not,use two 1/2"-20 bolts in the extractorholes provided for this purpose. SeeFigure 9.Figure 93. Prepare a clean place to work. It isimportant that no dirt or foreign materialbe allowed to enter the unit duringrepairs.4. Refer to the exploded views located inthe parts manual as an aid indisassembly.5. When disassembling the variousassemblies, lay all parts on a cleanbench in the same sequence asremoved. This procedure will simplifyreassembly and reduce the possibility oflosing parts.6. Carefully wash and relubricate allbearings as removed, and protectivelywrap until ready for use. Removebearings with pullers designed for thispurpose, or in a manner which will notdamage those bearings that will bereused.7. When necessary to apply force toremove a part, the use of a puller orpress is preferred. In some cases, theuse of a bar or soft hammer may beallowable.4.2 BRAKE DRUM, HUB, AND WHEELBEARINGS1. Raise the front of the vehicle with a jackand secure with jack stands of suitablecapacity. Also remove the front wheels.5. Remove the wheel bearing locknut,wash
1.4 STEERABLE DRIVE AXLE SPECIFICATIONS - FABCO MODEL FSD-18A, 21A, & 23A The Fabco Model FSD-23A Steerable Drive Axle is an exposed Cardan joint design developed for use on-highway with rough terrain capability. This is a low profile axle, which packages similar to a hub reduction design, but is of North American design and manufacture.
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The APS SureSteer -RSS -475 rotary steerable system is a "push the bit" rotary steerable tool integrated with an MWD directional, gamma, and vibration sensor tool. It may be configured and integrated with a suite of LWD tools via modular tool connections. Figure 1 shows the basic system components.
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