New Paradigm Of Research Management In Higher Education .
Advances in Economics, Business and Management Research, volume 146th International Conference on Educational, Management, Administration and Leadership (ICEMAL2016)New Paradigm of Research Management in HigherEducation: The Case of Politeknik Negeri BandungCarolina M LasambouwPoliteknik Negeri BandungBandung, Indonesiacarolina.magdalena@polban.ac.idEdiana SutjiredjekiPoliteknik Negeri BandungBandung, Indonesiae sutjiredjeki@yahoo.comNeneng NuryatiPoliteknik Negeri BandungBandung, Indonesiannuryati.polban@gmail.comAbstract— Based on the enactment of law of the Republic ofIndonesia each lecturer is required to do research beside teachingand community services. It is not an easy task for some lecturersin vocational education, such as Politeknik Negeri Bandung/Bandung State Polytechnic (Polban). The main problemencountered by Polban’s lecturers to do research is quite fullyloaded teaching duties assigned by their faculties. This conditionoccurs, as formerly - since the polytechnic founded - the lecturershad no obligation to conduct research. Besides, their careerpromotion had not been based on their research performances.This paper discusses the strategies and the efforts that have beenmade by the Polban to increase the numbers of research andscientific publications both on a national and international level.The strategies are developing research competencies standard forlecturers, as well as its evaluation tools. Lecturers were alsoasked to complete Individual Research Plan (RIP) from whichtheir researches will be accomplished in the next five years basedon their experience in research and scientific publications. Thenclassified the lecturers into three levels, they are: noviceresearchers, associate researchers and principal investigator. Inaddition, Polban has been strengthening the research expertgroups, as well as preparing the research roadmap. Furthermore,Polban has established an incentive system to reward lecturerswho have shown good research. As a result of these strategies, thenumber of researchers in Polban has increased up to 70%.Education,Keywords—HigherManagement, Strategies.Polytechnic,ResearchI. INTRODUCTIONBased on the enactment of law of the Republic of Indonesianumber 12 of 2012 on Higher Education [1], as well as theMinistry of Research, Technology and Higher Education’sDecree number 44 of 2015 on National Standards for HigherEducation [2], research as one of the three main function ofhigher education must be carried out by each lecturer. Researchobligation is not easy for some lecturers in vocationaleducation, such as in Politeknik Negeri Bandung/BandungState Polytechnic (Polban). The main problem encountered bythe lecturers in Polban to conduct research is quite fully loadedteaching duties assigned by their faculties. This conditionoccurs, as formerly – since polytechnic founded – the lecturershad no obligation to conduct research. Besides, most of thelecturers’ career promotion in Polban had not been based ontheir research performances. Therefore, it is not easy to pushand motivate this group of lecturers to fulfil the researchobligation.Since 2011 some efforts have been made to increase thenumber of lectures in each faculty in Polban to conductresearch. Although not all lecturers in Polban have beencarrying out research activity, but gradually the number oflecturers who are conducting research increased significantly.Along with the increasing number of research activities carriedout by the lecturers, the lecturers have produced a number ofscientific publications and some scientific journals had alsobeen published, both in nationally accredited journals andindexed national journals.This paper discusses the strategies and efforts that havebeen made by the research management in Bandung StatePolytechnic to increase the number of lecturers to conductresearch and to increase the number of scientific publications,both on a national and international level. Further, discussionwill be focused on research activities that have been completedin the framework of these efforts. Research methodology,research results, and the discussions will be elaborated in thesecond and third sections of this paper. Finally, the conclusionwill be presented in section four.II. RESEARCH METHODOLOGYThe strategy chosen to increase the number of lecturers’research activities in Bandung State Polytechnic focuses onenhancing lecturers’ capacity to conduct research. Enhancingresearchers capacity has been studied by several formerinvestigators [3], [4], [5], [6l], [7] and [8]. The fundamentaldifferences between this study and previous researches in thisCopyright 2016, the Authors. Published by Atlantis Press.This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license 45
Advances in Economics, Business and Management Research, volume 14topic are on the focus of the study. This study focused on theresearch management strategies in the higher vocationaleducation institutions, which generally have differentproblems, and challenges compared to other higher educationinstitutions such as universities or institutes. In addition, thisstudy takes into account that strengthening lecturers’ researchcapacity is an integral part of research management functionplayed by the research unit within the institution. Thus the roleof leadership in the research unit is very important [9].Polytechnic Lecturers. It includes the aspects of researchmanagement as shown in Figure 2.This study uses two approaches, qualitative and quantitativeapproaches. A qualitative approach was used to identifyalternative models of capacity development resulted fromprevious studies. The methods used are literature review, FocusGroup Discussion and interviews with purposeful respondents.Furthermore, the identified model was confirmed and validatedthrough quantitative approach. In line with the purpose of thisresearch, the capacity development model is also validated byexpertise judgment.In the quantitative approach, 69 respondents participated infilling in the questionnaires distributed in random amonglecturers in Bandung State Polytechnic.III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONThe implementation of strategies and efforts to improve thelecturers’ research competencies was conducted step by step.The initial step is to develop competency standards forlecturers in Polban in conducting research. It is complementedwith the evaluation tools. Based on the competency standards,mapping the lecturers’ competencies that have conductedresearch and scientific publications was completed. The resultof mapping 69 participants’ research abilities is shown inFigure 1 below.Fig. 1. Mapping of Lecturers Competency in Conduct ResearchThe figure shows that most lecturers have researchcapabilities as Able to and Expert. However there are a numberof lecturers (37%) stated their research capabilities atKnowledgeable. This means that the research management inBandung State Polytechnic needs to implement effectivestrategies in order to raise the research capabilities of thoselecturers’ with lower research ability.Data obtained from the activity is used to develop aFramework/Model of Research Capacity Development forFig. 2. Researchers Capacity Development ElemensThe Framework of Researchers Capacity Building consists ofeight (8) elements, which are linking to each other. The firstelement is developing Researchers Competencies Standard.Currently 16 (sixteen) unit of researchers’ competencies weredeveloped and had been used for assessment and developingtraining programs such as to develop researchers skills inmaking proposal. Clinical Proposal is provided to supportlecturers who need consultation and coaching on their researchproposal.The fourth element is encouraging lecturer to developIndividual Research Plan & Roadmap. This element is needdue to a consideration that academic researchers usuallyconsider themselves free, within the limits of legality andethics, to research whatever topic they choose [10]. In thiselement the lecturers were asked to fill in an IndividualResearch Plan (IRP) form, which is to be implemented in thenext five years. This form contains data of lecturer experiencesin research activities and scientific publications.The fifth element is building Grading of Researchers. Basedon the Individual research Plan, Roadmap and other relevantinformation/data, lecturers will be graded into three ranks:novice researchers, associate research professor and principalinvestigator. Novice researchers are lecturers that have doneresearch with maximum budget allocation of Rp.30.000.000, per year, either from an independent funding source, PolbanInstitutional budget, as well as from research scheme in HigherEducation. Novice researchers have grading 0-3. AssociateResearch Professor is a group of lecturers who have doneresearch with maximum budget allocation Rp.80.000.000, - peryear both from sources such as Polban Institutional budget,applied research scheme, development research or innovationschemes, as well as from research in Higher Education scheme,such as Applied Product research, Fundamental researchscheme or from other external sources. Associate ResearchProfessor has intermediate grading 4-6. While PrincipalInvestigator is a group of lecturers who have done researchwith a budget allocation above Rp. 80.000.000, - per year suchas from National Strategic research schemes, Grant146
Advances in Economics, Business and Management Research, volume 14Competence, Cooperation scheme of study abroad. ThePrincipal Investigator researchers have top grading 7-9.The sixth element is Provision of Specific Research Schemes;especially to support internal research policy such as escalatesCompetitiveness of Scientific Expertise Group, andstrengthening the capacity of laboratories.Element seven is provision of a number of incentive andstimulant funding as a reward for researchers’ achievementsuch as incentive for a research article that is published innational accredited journal and indexed international journal;incentive for new textbooks based on research results; andprovide funding support for attending national andinternational seminars.Element eight is expanding Research Cooperation withindustry, university or other organization at national andinternational level. As a first step this element is built throughalumni network, especially graduates of universities abroad.IV. CAPACITY BUILDING FRAMEWORKThere are two conceptual model proposed for capacitybuilding. They are the Capacity Building Models withhierarchical (vertical) approach and capacity building throughChain Process Approach [11].Both capacity building models complement each other. Toincrease the performance of research institutions, thedevelopment of capacity in the hierarchy can be used as anevaluation model. The chain process model of capacitybuilding is more suitable for increasing the performance ofindividual researchers. It contains a number of variables thatare interrelated. The capacity it contains some of the variablesthat are interrelated. Within the capacity building process theresearchers must integrate variables relating to the researchimplementation. In the process of conducting research there area series of activities that need to be carried out by theresearcher. This process is known as the cycle of research(research cycle), or also known as the spectrum of research.[12], [13], [14], [15]. In the process of capacity building asFigure 3 shown there are at least three major aspects of input,output and outcome.Assessment aspect is the main input in the process ofcapacity building. Therefore, to discover individual researchperformance, an assessment of research capacity developmentis carried out. Four aspects are used as basis, namelyintellectual ability, personal effectiveness, organization andmanagement, as well as the participation and impact of theresearch results. This is shown in Figure 5.ResearcherDevelopmentAssessmentKnowledge rchgovernance andorganisationEngagement,influence andimpactKnowledge basePersonal qualitiesProfessionalconductWorking withothersCognitive ationandDisseminationCreativityProfessional &CareerDevelopmentFinance, fundingand resourcesEngagement andimpactFig. 5. Aspects of Researchers Development AssessmentFig. 3. Chain Process Model of Capacity BuildingFig. 4. Hierarchical Model Capacity BuildingBased on the results of assessments training was developedfor strengthening research capacity. As a trial, it is developed atraining program for young lecturers in developing researchproposal. The training is a package as figure 6 below:Fig. 6. Steps of Training Program for Young Lecturers147
Advances in Economics, Business and Management Research, volume 14The training program is developed specifically tostrengthen the lecturers’ research skills in preparing researchproposal. The program is divided into two parts. In part one,the participants who are mostly young lecturers is giventheories on developing research proposal and practicalexercise. Between training part one and two; there is a week ofbreak time given to the participant for preparing their researchproposals. At the second part of training, time is given to theparticipants for presenting their research proposal. A numbersof reviewers are available to provide comment forimprovement and time for consultation (Clinical proposal).Furthermore, after the training is completed, researchmanagement unit is providing opportunity for the trainees tosubmit their research proposals in competition for obtainingresearch funding.The result of training for young lecturers is as shown inFigure 7 below.must be addressed immediately. The ability and theresources needed are evaluated periodically.6. The involvement an commitment of all management andleadership, as well as the necessary organizationaldevelopment,7. Clear development of group membership.As a result of these efforts, in 2016 the number of lecturerswho are conducting research in Polban had increased.Currently, approximately 70% of lecturers in Polban haveconducted research, and will continue to be pursued so that bythe end of 2017 the number of lecturers who conduct researchcan reach 90%.ACKNOWLEDGEMENTThe authors are very grateful to the management ofResearch and Community Services Unit in Politeknik NegeriBandung who have supported this research. Appreciation andthank you also conveyed to the Polban’s lecturers who haveprovide information for this research. Further thanks are alsoextended to the students who have participated in filling out theonline research questionnaire.REFERENCES[1][2]Fig. 7. Result of Training Program for Young LecturersFigure 7 shows that the capabilities of the trainees areimproved. However in some parts, they’re still a need to redevelop, especially in dealing with research outcome onteaching materials.In terms of the research proposal competition in obtainingfunding support, from 20 training participants, 18 lecturerssubmitted their research proposals. And 15 out of 18 proposalshave received funding support from the institution.In addition to the above strategies, research management inBandung State Polytechnic provides program to strengthengroups of expertise in the faculties by developing researchscheme specifically to strengthen their competitiveness anddevelop a research roadmap based on the group majorexpertise. The current program is implementing rewards andincentives system for lecturers who show good performance inresearch and community services.[3][4][5][6][7][8][9]V. CONCLUSIONIn principle, a successful capacity building for lecturershould consider the following things:1. Capacity building is a continuous process,[10][11]2. Focus to strengthen the ongoing process,3. Involve all interest stakeholders,4. Involving support and the role of external experts,5. Ability / core competencies of researchers should beevaluated from the outset to determine if there is a gap that[12][13][14]Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 12 Year 2012 on HigherEducation.Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education of the Republicof Indonesia Decree Number 44 of 2015 on National Standards forHigher Education.A. Ghaffar, “Research capacity strengthening in low- and middleincome countries, Council on Health Research for cohred./Changing Mindsets.pdf, 2013.Deparment For International Development (DFID), “Capacity BuildinginResearch,”inhttp://HTN Capacity Building Research Final 21 6 10.pdf, 2010.J. Hailey, R. James, R. Wrigley, “Rising to the Challenge: Assessing theImpacts of Organizational Capacity Building INTRACT,” inhttp://www.intract.org/pages/PraxisPaper2.html, 2005.Vogel, “Activities to Build Scientific Capacity in DevelopingCountries,”inwww.ukcds.org.uk/./UKCDS Capacity Building Report July 2012.pd, 2012.F. White, ”Capacity Building for Health in Developing Countries,” inwww.scielosp.org/scielo.php?pid S1020-49892002000900004, 2002.M. Ford, ”Mechanism for Building Research Capacity in Indonesia,” ch-capacity-austuniversity, 2012.T. Elkins, T.K. Robert, “Leadership in Research and ps://faculty1.coloradocollege.edu/./Elkins Keller Literature review,2003.A.M. Johnson, Professor, Improving Your Research Management,Netherlands: Elsevier B.V, 2013.C. Lasambouw, E. Sutjiredjeki, N. Nuryati, “Development ofCompetency Standard Model for Researchers to Improve ResearchCapacity in Indonesia Polytechnic Lecturers,” in International Journal ofEducation and Research”, Vol 3 Number 12, pp.53-62, December 2015.J.H.McMillan and Schumacher.S, Research in Education: A ConceptualIntroduction. New York: Longman, 1997.Creswell.J.W, Educational Research: Planning, Conducting andEvaluating Quantitative and Qualitative Research, 3rd ed., New Jersey:Pearson Education. Ltd, 2008.Sugiyono, Metode Penelitian Kombinasi., Bandung: Alfabeta, 2011.148
Advances in Economics, Business and Management Research, volume 14[15] D. Satori. dan A. Komariah, Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif., Bandung:Alfabeta, 2011.149
Politeknik Negeri Bandung . Bandung, Indonesia . e_sutjiredjeki@yahoo.com . Neneng Nuryati . Politeknik Negeri Bandung . Bandung, Indonesia . nnuryati.polban@gmail.com . Abstract— Based on the enactment of law of the Republic of Indonesia each lecturer is required to do research beside teaching and community services. It is not an easy task .
Visual Paradigm for UML Quick Start Page 5 of 30 Starting Visual Paradigm for UML You can start Visual Paradigm for UML by selecting Start Menu Visual Paradigm Visual Paradigm for UML 7.1 Enterprise Edition. Importing license key 1. After you enter VP-UML, you will be asked to provide license key in License Key Manager.
Dec 01, 2014 · dies in the field. Aim: The purpose of this paper is a review of the nursing paradigm. Method: This review was undertaken by library studies using databases such as CINHAL, MEDLINE, Web of Sciences by key words Paradigm, Mono paradigm, Multi Paradigm, Nursing, Nursing Sciences, separatel
What is Paradigm? Definition from Wikipedia In science and philosophy, a paradigm is a distinct set of concepts or thought patterns, including theories, research methods, postulates, and standards for what constitutes legitimate contributions to a field. Definition in the context of NLP Paradigm is the general framework to model a class of tasks
Quantum Mechanics and Paradigm Shifts Abstract It has been argued that the transition from classical to quantum mechanics is an example of a Kuhnian scientific revolution, in which there is a shift from the simple, intuitive, straightforward classical paradigm, to the quantum, convoluted, counterintuitive, amazing new quantum paradigm.
Series Owners Manual REFERENCE COLLECTION. Paradigm DOES NOT supply hardware for mounting Paradigm Prestige 25S speakers to the wall. Always use screws appropriate for wall type and . PARADIGM, PARADIGM REFERENCE COLLECTION, PRESTIGE and all associated proprietary and
An extra Paradigm infusion set and Paradigm reservoir Dressing and adhesive Extra AAA Alkaline and A23 batteries (Energizer recommended) Paradigm Quick Reference Card Glucagon Emergency Kit Inform a family member, co-worker, and/or friend where this emergency kit is kept. Please refer to Chapter 10, User Safety for more information on
Programming paradigm A programming paradigm is a style, or w, ay of programming. Paradigm can also be termed as method to solve some problem or do some task. Programming paradigm is an approach to solve problem using some programming language or also we can say it is a meth
Research in behavioral sciences has led to a paradigm shift in our understanding of human behavior. The new paradigm focuses on what motivates people to undertake behavior, especially on how social factors influence behavio r. This new paradigm is called Social and Behavior Change (SBC). 6
