JG 1-05, Religious Affairs In Joint Operations
ENTTMHIT OF T HS W E' L LDEFEENDARDSTMTEERU NII CA MY DE PARJoint Guide 1-05AT E S O FForARELIGIOUS AFFAIRS INJOINT OPERATIONS1 February 2018Unclassified
PREFACE1. ScopeThis guide provides information for the conduct of religious affairs in joint operations.It explains the chaplain’s roles as principal advisor to the joint force commander (JFC) onreligious affairs and as key advisor on the impact of religion on military operations. It alsodescribes the religious support team’s role in advising and delivering religious support.2. PurposeThis guide has been prepared under the direction of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefsof Staff (CJCS). This guide provides military guidance to assist with the exercise ofauthority by combatant commanders and other JFCs, and prescribes tenets for operationsand training. It provides military guidance for use by the Armed Forces in preparing andexecuting their plans and orders. It is not the intent of this guide to restrict the authority ofthe JFC from organizing the force and executing the mission in a manner the JFC deemsmost appropriate to ensure unity of effort in the accomplishment of objectives.3. ApplicationThis guide does not establish joint policies, processes, or procedures, but is acompilation of such to provide military guidance on supporting national securityobjectives. This guide is authoritative and provides a bridge between extant practice,lessons learned, concepts, and joint doctrine; as such, will be followed except when, in thejudgment of the commander, exceptional circumstances dictate otherwise. If conflicts inthis guide arise with contents of a joint publication in the joint doctrine hierarchy, the jointpublication will take precedence. If conflicts arise between the contents of this guide andthe contents of Service publications, this guide will take precedence. Commanders offorces operating as part of a multinational (alliance or coalition) military command shouldfollow multinational doctrine and procedures ratified by the United States. For doctrineand procedures not ratified by the US, commanders should evaluate and follow themultinational command’s doctrine and procedures, where applicable and consistent withUS law, regulations, and doctrine.For the Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff:GEORGE T. YOUSTRAChaplain, Colonel, USAFChief, Religious Affairs,Joint Staff Chaplaini
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SUMMARY OF CHANGESREVISION OF JOINT PUBLICATION 1-05DATED 20 NOVEMBER 2013 Clarifies chaplain’s responsibility to assist Service members with ethical,religious, moral, and spiritual wellbeing, and resiliency. Clarifies chaplain’s position of having rank without command. Adds the US Army’s new position title, religious affairs specialist, for enlistedpersonnel. Reorders material in a more logical manner, especially regarding service, interservice, and joint relationships. Redefines the responsibilities of the Director, Office of the National GuardBureau Joint Chaplain, in accordance with Chief National Guard BureauInstruction 0100.01, Organization of the National Guard Bureau. Adds requirement for geographic and functional combatant command chaplainsto define and develop training to meet combatant command mission. Adds requirement for geographic and functional combatant command chaplainsto establish religious support agreements that enable interoperability andincrease strategic access. Clarifies guidance for religious leader engagements, to ensure that engagementsdo not favor a particular religion or religious leader. Ensures that the “four pronged test” is retained and clarified for religioussupport in defense support of civil authorities.iii
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TABLE OF CONTENTSEXECUTIVE SUMMARY . viiCHAPTER IBASIS FOR RELIGIOUS AFFAIRS Introduction . I-1Authorities. I-1The Religious Support Team . I-2The Noncombatant Status of the Chaplain . I-2The Combatant Status of Enlisted Religious Support Personnel . I-3CHAPTER IIFUNDAMENTALS OF RELIGIOUS AFFAIRS Fundamentals .II-1Religious Affairs Functional Description .II-2Service, Inter-Service, and Joint Relationships .II-3Functions .II-8Religious Affairs Throughout Levels of Warfare .II-10Religious Affairs Senior Enlisted Leader Roles and Responsibilities .II-11Religious Affairs in Interorganizational Cooperation.II-11CHAPTER IIITHE ROLE OF RELIGIOUS AFFAIRS IN JOINT OPERATIONS Religious Support Teams and the Conflict Continuum . III-1Chaplain Liaison in Support of Military Engagement . III-5APPENDIXABCReligious Estimate. A-1References .B-1Administrative Instructions .C-1GLOSSARYPart IPart IIAbbreviations, Acronyms, and Initialisms . GL-1Terms and Definitions . GL-3FIGUREII-1II-2Religious Affairs .II-1Tasks of Joint Force Religious Support Teams .II-8v
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARYCOMMANDER’S OVERVIEW Discusses the Basis for Religious Affairs Outlines the Fundamentals of Religious Affairs Describes the Role of Religious Affairs in Joint OperationsBasis for Religious AffairsThe Services maintain chaplaincies toaccommodate religious needs, providereligious and pastoral care, and advisecommanders on the complexities of religionregarding its personnel and mission, asappropriate. As military members, chaplainsare uniquely positioned to assist Servicemembers, their families, and other authorizedpersonnel with the challenges of militaryservice as advocates of religious, moral,ethical, and spiritual well-being andresiliency.AuthoritiesThe US Constitution, law, and policy supportthe free exercise of religion.Military commanders are responsible toprovide for the free exercise of religion ofthose under their authority. Religious support(RS) to the personnel of each Service is theresponsibility of their Service componentcommander with the joint force commander(JFC) providing guidance and oversight.The Religious Support Team (RST)The religious support team (RST) comprisesat least one chaplain and one enlisted religiousaffairs person who plan, execute, and assessthe commander’s religious program.The Noncombatant Status of theChaplainAs noncombatants, chaplains will not engagein combatant duties, will not conductactivitiesthatcompromisetheirnoncombatant status, will not function asintelligence collectors or propose combatvii
Executive Summarytarget selection, and will not advise onincluding or excluding specific structures onthe no-strike list or target list. Advisementwill be limited to the ethical, moral, andreligious dimensions of the targeting process.The Combatant Status of EnlistedReligious Affairs PersonnelService doctrine describes enlisted religiousaffairs personnel as combatants. Therefore,enlisted religious affairs personnel are trainedand authorized, in accordance with approvedrules of engagement, to use lethal forceeffectively and appropriately. This includesproviding force protection and securitymeasures for the RST. Enlisted religiousaffairs personnel can therefore bear arms.Chaplains will supervise enlisted RSpersonnel to ensure that their employmentdoes not jeopardize the chaplain’s protectedstatus.Fundamentals of Religious AffairsReligious affairs are the commander’sresponsibility. Religious affairs consist of thecombination of RS and religious advisement.Throughout planning and execution,commanders and their staffs consider thepossible impact of religion throughout theoperational area (OA) and area of influence.Religious beliefs and practices influence theadversary and may influence civilians andtheir societies within the OA, impacting theideology or functioning of the government.Chaplains and enlisted RS personnel enableand support free expression of faith and/orreligious practice for all assigned personnel.They alsoguardagainst religiousdiscrimination of any kind within thecommand. Commanders are responsible forthe religious accommodation of joint forcepersonnel.Religious Affairs FunctionalDescriptionviiiReligious affairs describe the JFC’sresponsibility to understand the role ofJG 1-05
Executive Summaryreligion as it affects the range of militaryoperations and to provide for the free exerciseof religion for authorized personnel.Religious advisement is the practice ofinforming the commander on the impact ofreligion on joint operations to include, but notbe limited to, worship, rituals, protectedplaces, customs, and practices of US militarypersonnel, international forces, and theindigenous population, as well as the potentialimpact of military operations on the religiousand humanitarian issues in the OA.RS consists of: The provision and facilitation ofreligious worship, rites, pastoralcounseling, and Department ofDefense(DOD)supporttoaccommodate the free exercise ofreligion for all authorized personnel. Advising the JFC on ethical and moralissues, and morale. Pastoral care and counseling are thoseservices that attend to individual needssuch as personal and relational issues.FunctionsJoint RS requirements are determined andvalidated in accordance with existing jointprocesses. RSTs need to be well-integratedinto their staffs and must use commandreporting and tasking procedures. Chaplainsmust understand the limits of their taskingauthority.Official tasking comes fromappropriate command authority. Commandchaplains do not task subordinate chaplainsdirectly. Tasking occurs through normalcommand tasking processes.Joint Force Chaplain (JFCH) Functions: Supervise. The JFCH supervisesassigned staff and communicatescommand religious priorities, assessesand directs religious affairs activities,ix
Executive Summary Religious Affairs inInterorganizational Cooperationanswers specific religious inquiries,facilitates unity of effort, andenhances lines of communication andsituational awareness.Plan. The JFCH prepares RS portionsof plans and annexes and participatesin identifying religious affairsrequirements during planning undercrisis conditions.Train. The JFCH trains RSTs inaccordance with Chairman of the JointChiefs of Staff Manuel 3500.04,Universal Joint Task Manual, andamplified in the joint missionessential task list.Resource. The JFCH identifies RSmateriel, force structure, and facilitiesrequirements.When directed by the commander, the JFCHestablishes relationships with non-DODorganizations to increase capacity, enhancecapabilities, promote interoperability, andadvise the commander in support of missionrequirements. Issues of legality, permissions,collaborative tools, information sharing, andpartnering with other governmental agenciesor partner nations to meet religious needsshould be considered.The Role of Religious Affairs in Joint OperationsRSTs and the Conflict ContinuumxReligious affairs in joint military operationswill require a variety of actions supportingdifferent types and phases of operationsacross the conflict continuum. The JFCH andRST support the joint force during militaryengagement, security cooperation, anddeterrence; crisis response and limitedcontingency operations; and major operationsand campaigns. Close coordination should bemaintained among the RSTs of the combatantcommands, Service components, joint taskJG 1-05
Executive Summaryforces, and other subordinate units involved injoint military operations.Chaplain Liaison in Support ofMilitary cation is preferred by the indigenousreligious leader. Military chaplains with therequisite knowledge, experience, andtraining/education have religious legitimacythat may directly contribute positively to theJFC’s mission.CONCLUSIONThis guide provides doctrine and otherinformation for the conduct of religiousaffairs in joint operations.xi
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CHAPTER IBASIS FOR RELIGIOUS AFFAIRS“Religious affairs are the commander’s responsibility and consist of thecombination of religious support (RS) and religious advisement. RSaddresses the joint commander’s responsibilities to support the free exerciseof religion by members of the joint force. Religious advisement addressesthe commander’s requirement to receive germane subject matter advice onthe impact of religion on operations.”Joint Publication 1, Doctrine for the Armed Forces of the United States, 20131. Introductiona. Chaplains served with American forces in the colonial militias of the 1600s and1700s and have remained an integral part of the US military since the formation of theContinental Army and Navy in 1775. US military chaplains are a unique manifestation ofthe nation’s commitment to the values of freedom of conscience and free exercise ofreligion proclaimed in the founding documents. US military chaplains represent specificreligious organizations and work together within the pluralistic context of the military toadvise the command and provide religious ministry in support of the free exercise ofreligion in the joint force.b. The Services maintain chaplaincies to accommodate religious needs, providereligious and pastoral care, and advise commanders on the complexities of religion withregard to its personnel and mission, as appropriate. As military members, chaplains areuniquely positioned to assist Service members, their families, and other authorizedpersonnel with the challenges of military service as advocates of religious, moral, ethical,and spiritual well-being and resiliency. Uniformed chaplaincies are essential to fulfill theUS Government’s, and specifically the Department of Defense’s (DOD’s), responsibilitiesto all members of the Armed Forces of the United States and authorized civilians.2. Authoritiesa. The US Constitution, law, and policy support the free exercise of religion. Forexample, Title 10, United States Code (USC), Sections 3073, 5142, and 8067, provide forthe appointment of officers as chaplains in the Army, Navy, and Air Force. The Navydirects its Chaplain Corps to provide chaplains for the Marine Corps, Coast Guard, andMerchant Marine. Chaplains normally have rank without command (e.g., Title 10, USC,Sections 3581 and 8581) and function in the dual roles of religious leader and staff officer.Department of Defense Instruction (DODI) 1300.17, Accommodation of ReligiousPractices within the Military Services, describes the commander’s responsibility forreligious accommodation.b. Military commanders are responsible to provide for the free exercise of religion ofthose under their authority as directed by Joint Publication (JP) 1, Doctrine for the ArmedForces of the United States. Religious support (RS) to the personnel of each Service is theI-1
Chapter Iresponsibility of their Service component commander with the joint force commander(JFC) providing guidance and oversight. Department of Defense Directive (DODD)1304.19, Appointment of Chaplains for the Military Departments, establishes DOD policythat requires the Services to appoint chaplains to support commanders. It states, in part,that chaplains shall serve as the principal advisors to commanders for all issues regardingthe impact of religion on military operations. DODI 5100.73, Major DOD HeadquartersActivities, directs that all major headquarters (HQ), including joint HQ, provide for themanagement of religious affairs within the organization.3. The Religious Support TeamThe religious support team (RST) comprises at least one chaplain and one enlistedreligious affairs person who plan, execute, and assess the commander’s religious program.RSTs may be formed from the same or different Service components.a. Chaplains are formally trained religious ministry professionals and staff officerswho are endorsed by an ecclesiastical organization and commissioned by the USGovernment to support the free exercise of religion, provide RS, and advise the command.For further information on the qualifications of religious ministry professionals, refer toDODI 1304.28, Guidance for the Appointment of Chaplains for the Military Departments.b. Chaplains are paired with enlisted personnel who aid and supplement the chaplain’sreligious advisement and RS missions. These enlisted religious affairs personnel are calledreligious affairs specialists in the Army, religious program specialists in the Navy, andchaplain assistants in the Air Force. The Services train their respective enlisted religiousaffairs personnel specifically for their Service’s chaplaincy. The skills vary by Service andmission set.4. The Noncombatant Status of the ChaplainArticle 24 of Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Woundedand Sick in Armed Forces in the Field (commonly referred to as Geneva Convention I)identifies chaplains as protected personnel in their function and capacity as religiousministers. Service regulations further prohibit chaplains from bearing arms and classifychaplains as noncombatants. Chaplains advise the commander and staff on the ethical,moral, and religious dimensions of armed conflict. As noncombatants, chaplains will notengage in combatant duties, will not conduct activities that compromise theirnoncombatant status, will not function as intelligence collectors or propose combat targetselection, and will not advise on including or excluding specific structures on the no-strikelist or target list. Advisement will be limited to the ethical, moral, and religious dimensionsof the targeting process. Consistent with their noncombatant status, chaplains participatein operation planning and advise the command and staff on matters as appropriate; adviseon the religious and humanitarian status of the command’s operational environment (unlessrestricted by the law of war); provide input as to what constitutes religious structures ormonuments of antiquity in a particular operational area (OA); and, when authorized anddirected by the commander, serve as a point of contact and liaison for local civilian andI-2JG 1-05
Basis for Religious Affairsmilitary leaders, institutions, and organizations, to the extent that those contacts relate tothe religious or humanitarian purposes approved by the commander. Knowledge ofselected operational processes and terms of reference, as well as participation in exercisesand mission rehearsals, is essential to effective provision of such advisement. See Articles4, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 24, 28, and 47 of the Geneva Convention (I) for more informationregarding treatment of chaplains in the context of the Convention.5. The Combatant Status of Enlisted Religious Support PersonnelServic
Service doctrine describes enlisted religious affairs personnel as combatants. Therefore, enlisted religious affairs personnel are trained and authorized, in accordance with approved rules of engagement, to use lethal force effectively and appropriately. This includes providing force protection and security measures for the RST. Enlisted religious
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