SCIENCE EXPLORER Grade 7
P R E N T I C EH A L LP R E N T I C ESCIENCESCIENCEEXPLORER Provides a wide range of question formats—for every section of the text—to reach a widevariety of learners Gives parents a handy resource to help studentsstudy and learnSTUDY WORKBOOK Builds a record of students’ work to use as a studyaid for quizzes and testsGrade 7ISBN 0-13-058707-9000019 780130 587077Prentice HallSee us on the Internet www.phschool.comEXPLORERGrade 7Guided Readingand Study WorkbookAND Promotes active reading and enhances students’study skills using innovative questioningstrategies and exercises linked to the student textGUIDED READINGGuided Readingand Study WorkbookSCIENCE EXPLORERGrade 7H A L L Promotes active reading and enhances students’study skills using innovative questioningstrategies and exercises linked to the student text Builds a record of students’ work to use as a studyaid for quizzes and tests Provides a wide range of question formats—for every section of the text—to reach a widevariety of learners Gives parents a handy resource to help studentsstudy and learn
GSW-7 FM-SE/FNL5/2/0112:43 PMPage iP R E N T I C EH A L LGrade 7Guided ReadingandStudy WorkbookStudent EditionNeedham, MassachusettsUpper Saddle River, New JerseyGlenview, Illinois
GSW-7 FM-SE/FNL5/29/023:33 PMPage iiCopyright 2002 by Prentice-Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458. All rights reserved.Printed in the United States of America. This publication is protected by copyright, and permissionshould be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrievalsystem, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording,or likewise. Student worksheets and tests may be duplicated for classroom use, the number not toexceed the number of students in each class. Notice of copyright must appear on all copies. Forinformation regarding permissions(s), write to: Rights and Permissions Department.ISBN 0-13-058707-923 (V016) 14 13 12 11
GSW-7 FM-SE/FNL5/2/0112:43 PMPage iiiTable of ContentsWhat Is Science? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1Chapter 1 The Properties of Matter . . .51–1 Matter and Changes in Matter . . . . . . . .51–2 Organizing the Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . .81–3 Metals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .101–4 Nonmetals and Metalloids . . . . . . . . . .12Chapter 2 Elements FormingCompounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .172–1 Atoms and Ionic Bonds . . . . . . . . . . . . .172–2 Atoms and Covalent Bonds . . . . . . . . . .202–3 Crystal Chemistry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22Chapter 3 Everyday Changes inSubstances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .253–1 Understanding Solutions . . . . . . . . . . . .253–2 Describing Acids and Bases . . . . . . . . . .283–3 Acids and Bases in Solution . . . . . . . . .313–4 Digestion and pH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34 Prentice-Hall, Inc.Chapter 4 Motion and Forces . . . . . . . .374–1 The Nature of Force and Motion . . . . .374–2 Force, Mass, and Acceleration . . . . . . . .404–3 Friction and Gravity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .414–4 Action and Reaction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .444–5 Forces in Fluids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47Chapter 5 Work and Machines . . . . . . .535–1 What is Work? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .535–2 Mechanical Advantage and Efficiency . .555–3 Simple Machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .575–4 Machines in Human Systems . . . . . . . .61Chapter 6 Energy and Power . . . . . . . .656–1 The Nature of Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . .656–2 Energy Conversion andConservation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .676–3 Photosynthesis and Fossil Fuels . . . . . .696–4 Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71Chapter 7 Weathering and SoilFormation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .757–1 Rocks and Weathering . . . . . . . . . . . . . .757–2 Soil Formation and Composition . . . . .787–3 Soil Conservation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .81Science Explorer Grade 7Chapter 8 Erosion and Deposition . . .858–1 Changing Earth’s Surface . . . . . . . . . . . .858–2 Water Erosion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .878–3 The Force of Moving Water . . . . . . . . .908–4 Glaciers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .928–5 Waves and Wind . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .958–6 Earth Systems and CatastrophicEvents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .98Chapter 9 The Earth–Moon System .1019–1 Earth in Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1019–2 Phases, Eclipses, and Tides . . . . . . . . .1039–3 Earth’s Moon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1079–4 Is There Life Beyond Earth? . . . . . . . .110Chapter 10 Bones, Muscles,and Skin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11310–1 Organization and Homeostasis . . . . . .11310–2 The Skeletal System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11810–3 The Muscular System . . . . . . . . . . . . .12110–4 The Skin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .123Chapter 11 Food and Digestion . . . . .12711–1 Food and Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12711–2 The Digestive Process Begins . . . . . . . .13211–3 Final Digestion and Absorption . . . . .134Chapter 12 Circulation . . . . . . . . . . . . .13712–1 The Body’s Transportation System . . .13712–2 A Closer Look at Blood Vessels . . . . . .13912–3 Blood and Lymph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14112–4 Cardiovascular Health . . . . . . . . . . . . .143Chapter 13 Respiration andExcretion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14713–1 The Respiratory System . . . . . . . . . . . .14713–2 Smoking and Your Health . . . . . . . . . .15113–3 The Excretory System . . . . . . . . . . . . .153Chapter 14 Fighting Disease . . . . . . . .15714–1 Infectious Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15714–2 The Body’s Defenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15814–3 Preventing Infectious Disease . . . . . . .16114–4 Noninfectious Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . .163Guided Reading and Study Workbookiii
GSW-7 FM-SE/FNL5/2/0112:43 PMPage ivTABLE OF CONTENTS (continued)Chapter 15 The Nervous System . . . .16715–1 How the Nervous System Works . . . . .16715–2 Divisions of the Nervous System . . . . .16915–3 The Senses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17215–4 Alcohol and Other Drugs . . . . . . . . . .174Chapter 18 Relating to theEnvironment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20518–1 Adaptations and the Environment . . .20518–2 Animal Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20718–3 Patterns of Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . .209Chapter 16 The Endocrine Systemand Reproduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17916–1 The Endocrine System . . . . . . . . . . . . .17916–2 The Male and Female ReproductiveSystems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18216–3 The Human Life Cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . .18516–4 Reproduction and Genetics . . . . . . . . .190Chapter 19 Living Resources . . . . . . .21319–1 Environmental Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21319–2 Forests and Fisheries . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21519–3 Biodiversity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .217Chapter 17 Ecosystems andBiomes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19317–1 Energy Flow in Ecosystems . . . . . . . . .19317–2 Biogeography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19717–3 Earth’s Biomes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19917–4 Succession: Equilibrium inEcosystems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .202 Prentice-Hall, Inc.ivGuided Reading and Study WorkbookScience Explorer Grade 7
GSW-7 00/FNL4/18/011:35 PMPage 1Name Date ClassWHAT IS SCIENCE?(pages 10-19)This section explains the skills that scientists use to solve problems and find answers. Italso tells about safety in the laboratory and branches of science.Introduction(page 10)science1. A way of learning about the natural world is.2. What is scientific inquiry? Scientific inquiry is the many ways in whichscientists study the natural world.Thinking Like a Scientist(pages 10–15)3. Circle the letter of the skill that scientific inquiry usually begins with.a. designing an experimentb. asking a questionc. collecting datad. communicating4. Is the following sentence true or false? An inference is a fact.false Prentice-Hall, Inc.5. Is the following sentence true or false? A hypothesis is a possibleexplanation for a set of observations.true6. What is a controlled experiment? An experiment in which all of thevariables except for one remain the same7. Circle the letter of the manipulated variable in the tomato plantexperiment.a. sunlightb. waterc. heightd. fertilizer8. The facts, figures, and other observations that are gathered throughusing one or more of your senses are calledScience Explorer Grade 7data.Guided Reading and Study Workbook1
GSW-7 00/FNL4/18/011:35 PMPage 2Name Date ClassWhat Is Science? (continued)9. Why is it important for scientists to use a standard system ofmeasurement? With a standard system of measurement, scientists fromall over the world can communicate their findings with one another.10. Use this graph to answer the questions below.Growth of Unfertilized andFertilized Tomato Plants44ntHeight 6912Day151821a. Compare the heights of the two tomato plants after six days.b. Compare the heights of the two tomato plants after 21 days.The fertilized plant is 6 cm taller than the unfertilized plant.11. What does it mean to draw a conclusion? Drawing a conclusion meansto sum up what you have learned from the investigation.12. How do scientists communicate their conclusions to other scientists?Scientists write articles in scientific journals, attend scientific meetings, anduse the Internet.2Guided Reading and Study WorkbookScience Explorer Grade 7 Prentice-Hall, Inc.Both plants are the same height.
GSW-7 00/FNL4/18/011:35 PMPage 3Name Date ClassScientific Theories and Laws(page 16)13. What is a scientific theory? A scientific theory is a well-tested conceptthat explains a wide range of observations.14. Is the following sentence true of false? Future testing can prove atruescientific theory to be incorrect.Laboratory Safety(page 16)15. Circle the letter of each safe laboratory practice.a. Show respect to your teacher and classmates.b. Wear proper safety equipment.c. Handle lab materials carefully.d. Keep your work area neat and clean.Branches of Science(pages 18–19)16. List the four main branches of science.a. physical scienceb. Earth sciencec. life scienced. environmental scienceTechnology and the Internet(page 19) Prentice-Hall, Inc.17. Circle the letter of each way that scientists use technology.a. Microscopes to see tiny virusesb. Telescopes to make modelsc. Computers to make graphsd. Internet to communicateReading Skill PracticeA concept map is a useful tool to organize information. Make a concept map to show the skillsthat scientists use in an investigation. For more information about concept maps, see page 660in the Skills Handbook of your textbook.Students should include the skills described on pages 10–15.Science Explorer Grade 7Guided Reading and Study Workbook3
GSW-7 00/FNL4/18/011:35 PMPage 4Name Date ClassWhat Is Science? (continued)WordWiseAnswer the questions by writing the correct key term in the blanks. Use the circled letter ineach term to find the hidden key term. Then write a definition for the hidden key term.What is a factor that can be changed in an experiment?variableWhat includes all of the knowledge gained while exploring the natural world?scienceWhat is a well-tested concept that explains a wide range of observations?scientifictheoryWhat is a possible explanation for a set of observations?hypothesisWhat skill involves using one or more of your senses to gather information and collect data?o bservationWhat is the factor that changes in an experiment because of the manipulated variable?respondingvariableWhat is the one variable that is changed in an experiment to test a hypothesis?nipulatedvariableWhat is an experiment in which all of the variables except for one remain the same?controlledexperim entWhat term describes the many ways in which scientists study the natural world?sciKey Term:entificinferenincequiryDefinition: An inference is an interpretation of an observation that is based on evidence orprior knowledge.4Guided Reading and Study WorkbookScience Explorer Grade 7 Prentice-Hall, Inc.m a
GSW-7 01/FNL4/18/011:36 PMPage 5Name Date ClassCHAPTER 1THE PROPERTIES OF MATTERSECTION1–1Matter and Changes in Matter(pages 24-30)This section describes properties of matter and how matter can be classified. Thesection also describes ways in which matter can change.Physical and Chemical Properties of Matter(page 25)1. Is the following sentence true or false? Physical and chemical propertiesof matter are characteristics used to classify and describe a particulartruesubstance.2. What is a physical property? A physical property is a characteristic of asubstance that can be observed without changing the substance intosomething else.3. What is a chemical property? A chemical property is a characteristic Prentice-Hall, Inc.that is observed when a substance changes into a different substance.Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures(pages 26–27)4. Complete the following table.MatterKind of Matter DefinitionElementSubstance that cannot be broken down into other substances by chemical or physical meansCompoundSubstance made of two or more elements that are chemically bound in a set ratioMixtureTwo or more substances in the same place that are not chemically combinedScience Explorer Grade 7Guided Reading and Study Workbook5
GSW-7 01/FNL4/18/011:36 PMPage 6Name Date ClassCHAPTER 1, The Properties of Matter (continued)elements5. Oxygen, tin, and argon are examples ofcompounds6. Table salt and water are examples of.7. The ratio of elements in a compound is shown by the compound’sformula.8. Is the following sentence true or false? The properties of a compoundfalseare very similar to its elements.9. Is the following sentence true or false? The substances in a mixturetruekeep their original properties.Changes in Matter(pages 27–29)10. Complete the concept map.Changes in MatterPhysical changescan beChemical changesresult inresult inNo new substancesNew substances Prentice-Hall, Inc.11. Complete the table to classify changes as chemical or physical.Changes6Kind of ChangeExamplePhysicalMelting of iceChemicalBurning of woodChemicalRusting of metalPhysicalBreaking of bouldersChemicalTarnishing of metalGuided Reading and Study WorkbookScience Explorer Grade 7
GSW-7 01/FNL4/18/011:36 PMPage 7Name Date ClassReading Chemical Equations(page 28)12. What is a chemical equation? A chemical equation is a short, simpleway to describe a chemical reaction, using symbols and formulas instead ofwords.13. Write this equation in words: C O2 CO2 Carbon reacts withoxygen to form carbon dioxide.14. The substances you start with in a chemical reaction are called thereactants.15. The substances that are present at the end of a chemical reaction arecalled theproducts.Chemical Reactions on a Small Scale(page 30)16. Complete the concept map.Particles of Mattercan be Prentice-Hall, Inc.Atoms17. The smallest particle of an element is a(n)Moleculesatom.18. What is a molecule? A molecule is a particle made of two or moreatoms.19. Circle the letter of each sentence that is true of chemical bonds.a. They can be formed during a chemical reaction.b. They are found within atoms.c. They can be broken during a chemical reaction.d. They hold atoms together.Science Explorer Grade 7Guided Reading and Study Workbook7
GSW-7 01/FNL4/18/011:36 PMPage 8Name Date ClassCHAPTER 1, The Properties of Matter (continued)Reading Skill PracticeKnowing the meanings of key terms in a section will help you to better understand what you arereading. Make a list of key terms in this section. Write the meanings of these terms using yourown words. In this way, the key terms become a natural part of your vocabulary. Do your workon a separate sheet of paper.Definitions of the key terms should be written in the students’ own words, but be based on theinformation on pages 24–30.SECTION1-2Organizing the Elements(pages 31-37)This section explains how chemical and physical properties of elements can be used toorganize and classify elements.Organizing Elements by Their Properties(page 32)1. Information about the elements and their properties is organized in theperiodic table.2. To organize his periodic table, Dmitri Mendeleev studied elements’properties , such as melting point, andchemicalproperties, such as the types of compounds theyform.3. The average mass of one atom of an element is called theatomic massof that element.4. Circle the letter of each statement that is true of Mendeleev’s periodic table.a. Mendeleev arranged elements according to the diameters of their atoms.b. Mendeleev left spaces where he expected unknown elements belonged.c. Mendeleev found that there were groups of elements with similarproperties.d. Mendeleev’s predictions of new elements were incorrect.8Guided Reading and Study WorkbookScience Explorer Grade 7 Prentice-Hall, Inc.physical
GSW-7 01/FNL4/18/011:36 PMPage 9Name Date ClassToday’s Periodic Table(pages 33–35)5. List the three particles that make up atoms.a.protonsneutronsb.c.electrons6. What is an element’s atomic number? It is the number of protons inthe nucleus of its atoms.7. The modern periodic table is organized bynumbers of the elements.increasingatomic8. Elements in the same column of the periodic table are called agroup, or family.9. A row across the periodic table is called a(n)period.10. Label the symbol, atomic number, and atomic mass in this square fromthe periodic table.1Atomic numberHSymbolHydrogen1.004Atomic mass Prentice-Hall, Inc.Identifying Patterns and Properties (pages 36–37)11. Is the following sentence true or false? You can predict some of anelement’s physical properties, but none of its chemical properties, basedon the element’s location in the periodic table.false12. Complete the concept map.Elements of theperiodic tablecan be classified asMetalsMetalloidsNonmetalsScience Explorer Grade 7Guided Reading and Study Workbook9
GSW-7 01/FNL4/18/011:36 PMPage 10Name Date ClassCHAPTER 1, The Properties of Matter (continued)SECTION1–3Metals(pages 39-44)This section describes the properties of metals and the characteristics of the differentgroups, or families, of metals.What Is a Metal?(pages 39–40)1. Chemists classify an element as a metal based on what physicalproperties?a. hardnessb. shininessc. malleabilityd. ductility2. Is the following sentence true or false? Most metals are solids at roomtemperatures because they have very low melting points.falseMatch the term with its definition.Termd3. malleablec4. ductile5. magnetica6. corrosiona. The process of reaction and wearing awayof a metal elementb. A characteristic of those metals that areattracted to magnets or can be made intomagnetsc. A term used to describe a material that canbe pulled out, or drawn, into a long wired. A term used to describe a material that canbe pounded or rolled into shapes7. Why are most metals called good conductors? They transmit heat andelectricity easily.8. Is the following sentence true or false? Metals show a wide range ofchemical properties.10trueGuided Reading and Study WorkbookScience Explorer Grade 7 Prentice-Hall, Inc.bDefinition
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SCIENCEPRENTICE HALL EXPLORER SCIENCEPRENTICE HALL EXPLORER Grade 7 Grade 7 Guided Reading and Study Workbook Guided Reading and Study Workbook Promotes active reading and enhances students’ study skills using innovative questioning strategies and exercises linked to the student text Builds a record of students’ work to use as a study
Teacher of Grade 7 Maths What do you know about a student in your class? . Grade 7 Maths. University Grade 12 Grade 11 Grade 10 Grade 9 Grade 8 Grade 7 Grade 6 Grade 5 Grade 4 Grade 3 Grade 2 Grade 1 Primary. University Grade 12 Grade 11 Grade 10 Grade 9 Grade 8 Grade 7 Grade 6 Grade 5 . Learning Skill
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Grade 4 NJSLA-ELA were used to create the Grade 5 ELA Start Strong Assessment. Table 1 illustrates these alignments. Table 1: Grade and Content Alignment . Content Area Grade/Course in School Year 2021 – 2022 Content of the Assessment ELA Grade 4 Grade 5 Grade 6 Grade 7 Grade 8 Grade 9 Grade 10 Grade 3 Grade 4 Grade 5 Grade 6 Grade 7 Grade 8
Math Course Progression 7th Grade Math 6th Grade Math 5th Grade Math 8th Grade Math Algebra I ELEMENTARY 6th Grade Year 7th Grade Year 8th Grade Year Algebra I 9 th Grade Year Honors 7th Grade Adv. Math 6th Grade Adv. Math 5th Grade Math 6th Grade Year 7th Grade Year 8th Grade Year th Grade Year ELEMENTARY Geome
Grade Three History and Social Science Review Cards Page 7 of 19 What is an explorer? new discoveries 3 a person who travels seeking 3 What country sponsored the explorer, Christopher Columbus? 3 Spain What country sponsored the explorer, Juan Ponce de Leon? 3 Spain 3 What country sponsored the explorer, Jacques Cartier? 3 France 3
In This Guide This guide contains language arts and science lessons for articles in this issue of ExplorEr AdvEnturEr. Explorer Magazine ExplorEr classroom magazines are specifically written for each grade, 2-5. Through great storytelling and stunning photographs, the ExplorEr magazines develop literacy skills and teach standards-based science .
In This Guide This guide contains language arts and science lessons for articles in this issue of ExplorEr pathfindEr. Explorer Magazine ExplorEr classroom magazines are specifically written for each grade, 2-5. Through great storytelling and stunning photographs, the ExplorEr magazines develop literacy skills and teach standards-based science .
7 Grade 1 13 Grade 2 18 Grade 3 23 Grade 4 28 Grade 5 33 Grade 6 38 Elementary Spanish. 29 Secondary. 39 Grade 7 43 Grade 8 46 Grade 9 49 Grade 10 53 Grade 11 57 Grade 12 62 Electives. Contents. Textbook used with Online Textbook used with DVD. Teacher Edition & Student Books. Color Key
