Concrete Construction Engineering Handbook
ConcreteConstructionEngineeringHandbookSecond Edition 2008 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
ConcreteConstructionEngineeringHandbookSecond EditionEditor-in- ChiefDr. Edward G. Nawy, RE., C.Eng.Distinguished ProfessorRutgers—The State University ofNewJerseyNew Brunswick, New Jersey@CRC PressTaylor &. Francis GroupBoca Raton London New YorkCRC Press is an imprint of theTaylor Et Francis Group, an informa business 2008 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
Cover Image: Veterans’ 1-280 Glass City Skyway, Toledo, Ohio, 612-ft twin cable-stayed spans with 403-ft pylon. The top196 ft of the pylon features four sides of glass enveloping LED light fixtures that allow an array of as many as 16.7 millioncolor combinations at night. The bridge construction involved 185,000 cubic yards of concrete, 1.9 million lb of post-ten sioning strands, and 32.6 million lb of mild steel reinforcement. The bridge was opened in June 2007. (Photos courtesy ofMs. Linda Figg, President and CEO, FIGG, Tallahassee, Florida. Owner: Ohio Department of Transportation. Designer:FIGG. Contractor: Fru-Con.)CRC PressTaylor & Francis Group6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 2008 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLCCRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa businessNo claim to original U.S. Government worksPrinted in the United States of America on acid-free paper10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-8493-7492-0 (Hardcover)This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable efforts have beenmade to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors and publishers have attempted to trace the copyrightholders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in thisform has not been obtained. If any copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we mayrectify in any future reprint.Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from thepublishers.For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, please access www.copyright.com (http://www.copyright.com/) or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923,978-750-8400. CCC is a not-for-profit organization that provides licenses and registration for a variety of users. For organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by the CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged.Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only foridentification and explanation without intent to infringe.Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication DataConcrete construction engineering handbook / editor, Edward G. Nawy. -- 2nd ed.p. cm.Includes bibliographical references and index.ISBN 978-0-8493-7492-0 (hardback : alk. paper)1. Concrete construction--Handbooks, manuals, etc. I. Nawy, Edward G. II. Title.TA681.C743 2008624.1’834--dc22Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site athttp://www.taylorandfrancis.comand the CRC Press Web site athttp://www.crcpress.com 2008 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC2008013027
ContentsPreface.xiiiAcknowledgments. xvEditor-in-Chief.xviiContributors.xix1Concrete Constituent Materials Sidney Mindess . 1-11.1Introduction . 1-11.2Portland Cement. 1-21.3Modified Portland Cements. 1-91.4High-Alumina Cement. 1-101.5“Green” Cements . 1-111.6Performance of Different Cements in Concrete. 1-111.7Water. 1-121.8Water/Cement Ratio . 1-121.9Aggregates. 1-141.10 Reinforcement . 1-211.11 Durability Considerations. 1-23References . 1-262Mineral Admixtures V.M. Malhotra . 2-12.1Fly Ash . 2-12.2Blast-Furnace Slag. 2-182.3Silica Fume . 2-292.4Highly Reactive Metakaolin . 2-38References . 2-423Chemical Admixtures David P. Whitney . 3-13.1Introduction to Chemical Admixtures. 3-13.2Retarding Admixtures. 3-23.3Water-Reducing Admixtures . 3-33.4High-Range, Water-Reducing Admixtures. 3-53.5Accelerating Admixtures. 3-73.6Air-Entraining Admixtures . 3-103.7Antifreezing Admixtures . 3-123.8Antiwashout Admixtures. 3-133.9Shrinkage-Reducing Admixtures . 3-143.10 Polymer Modifier Admixtures . 3-143.11 Alkali–Silica Reaction Prevention Admixtures . 3-183.12 Conclusion . 3-18References . 3-184Long-Term Effects and Serviceability Edward G. Nawy and Hani Nassif. 4-14.14.24.34.44.54.6Creep and Shrinkage Deformations in Concrete . 4-1Creep Deformations in Concrete . 4-2Creep Prediction . 4-6Shrinkage in Concrete . 4-10Strength and Elastic Properties of Concrete vs. Time . 4-16Serviceability Long-Term Considerations. 4-18v 2008 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
viConcrete Construction Engineering Handbook4.7Long-Term Shrinkage and Temperature Reinforcement ControllingCracking between Joints in Walls and Slabs of Liquid-Retaining Structures . 4-344.8Autogenous Shrinkage in Early-Age Concrete . 4-35Acknowledgments . 4-35References . 4-375Properties and Performance of Normal-Strengthand High-Strength Concrete Steven H. Kosmatka . 5-15.1Introduction . 5-25.2Workability, Bleeding, and Consolidation . 5-25.3Mixing, Transporting, and Placing Concrete. 5-65.4Permeability. 5-105.5Carbonation . 5-105.6Early-Age Characteristics and Strength. 5-125.7Density. 5-165.8Abrasion Resistance . 5-175.9Volume Change and Crack Control . 5-205.10 Deformation and Creep . 5-215.11 Concrete Ingredients . 5-225.12 Proportioning of Concrete Mixtures. 5-315.13 Hot and Cold Weather Concreting . 5-325.14 Control Tests . 5-335.15 Freeze–Thaw and Deicer Scaling Resistance. 5-345.16 Sulfate-Resistant Concrete. 5-355.17 Corrosion Protection. 5-375.18 Alkali–Silica Reaction . 5-395.19 Heat-Induced Delayed Expansion . 5-425.20 Self-Consolidating Concrete . 5-435.21 Related ASTM Standards. 5-43References . 5-446Design and Placement of Concrete Mixtures . 6-1Part A. Design of Concrete Mixtures Edward G. Nawy . 6-26.1General. 6-26.2Selection of Constituent Materials . 6-26.3Mixture Proportioning for High-Performance, Normal-Strength Concrete(Cylinder Compressive Strength Limit 6000 psi). 6-96.4Mixture Proportioning for High-Performance, High-Strength Concrete(Cylinder Compressive Strength Exceeding 6000 psi) . 6-18Part B. Applications and Constructability Jaime Moreno and John Albinger . 6-306.5Applications and Constructability with an Emphasison High-Strength, High-Performance Concrete . 6-306.6Job-Site Control . 6-416.7Testing. 6-41Acknowledgments . 6-43References . 6-437Design and Construction of Concrete Formwork David W. Johnston . 7-17.1Introduction . 7-27.2Types of Formwork. 7-57.3Formwork Standards and Recommended Practices. 7-177.4Loads and Pressures on Formwork . 7-237.5Formwork Design Criteria . 7-277.6Formwork Design . 7-357.7Slab-Form Design Example . 7-387.8Wall-Form Design Example. 7-43References . 7-49 2008 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
Contentsvii8Construction Loading in High-Rise Buildings S.K. Ghosh . 8-18.1Introduction . 8-18.2Construction Loads . 8-18.3Properties of Concrete at Early Ages. 8-198.4Strength Consequences of Construction Loads . 8-378.5Serviceability Consequences of Construction Loads . 8-478.6Codes and Standards . 8-55References . 8-589Deflection of Concrete Members Russell S. Fling and Andrew Scanlon. 9-19.1Introduction . 9-19.2Elastic Calculation Methods . 9-29.3Other Calculation Considerations. 9-69.4Factors Affecting Deflection. 9-109.5Reducing Deflection of Concrete Members . 9-169.6Allowable Deflections . 9-20References . 9-2210Structural Concrete Systems Scott W. McConnell. 10-110.1 Overview. 10-210.2 Building Loads . 10-310.3 Composite Steel–Concrete Construction. 10-710.4 Foundations.
Concrete Construction Engineering Handbook Second Edition Editor-in- Chief Dr. Edward G. Nawy, RE., C.Eng. Distinguished Professor Rutgers—The State University ofNewJersey New Brunswick, New Jersey
Redi-Mix Concrete, LLC 10K11521 . While EPDs can be used to compare concrete mixtures, the data cannot be used to compare between construction products or concrete mixtures used in different concrete products unless the data is integrated into a comprehensive LCA. For example, precast concrete, concrete masonry units and site cast concrete all .
the design, the watertight concrete mix design and the alternative solutions for watertight joint sealing has been added to this Concrete Handbook. The book is divided into the following chapters: 1. Construction Material Concrete 2. Sustainability 3. The Five Concrete Components 4. Concrete Mix Design 5
Concrete Beams 9 Lecture 21 Elements of Architectural Structures ARCH 614 S2007abn Reinforced Concrete - stress/strain Concrete Beams 10 Lecture 21 Elements of Architectural Structures ARCH 614 S2007abn Reinforced Concrete Analysis for stress calculations steel is transformed to concrete concrete is in compression above n.a. and
ACI 304R-00, Guide for Measuring, Mixing, Transporting, and Placing Concrete (Reapproved 2009) ACI 311.4R-05, Guide for Concrete Inspection ACI 311.5-04, Guide for Concrete Plant Inspection and Testing of Ready-Mixed Concrete ACI 347-04, Guide to Formwork for Concrete ACI 207.1R-05, Guide to Mass Concrete (Reapproved 2012)
Ready Mix Grout, Permeable Concrete, Shotcrete, Gunite, Colored Concrete, Flowable Fill, Roller- Compacted Concrete, Fiber Reinforced Concrete Identified uses: Concrete is widely used as a structural component in many construction applications. Supplier's details: Concrete Supply Co. P.O
Concrete is not maintenance free. Concrete cracks, spalls, and leaks. Two types of concrete: Concrete that has cracked Concrete that is going to crack Concrete is not all the same: By definition concrete is a heterogeneous mixture. Different batches can have very different properties, even on construction of the one .
concrete, ultra-high-strength concrete, and extruded and engineered cementitious composites. Chapter 7 focuses the fracture behavior of concrete and provides the basic knowledge of frac-ture mechanics of concrete. Chapter 8 covers the essential knowledge of nondestructive testing of concrete engineering, including wave propagation theory in 1-D .
The concrete on the top crushes before the steel yields (brittle) The steel yields before concrete crushes (ductile) The concrete will fail in compression at a concrete strain of 0.003-0.004. The steel will yield at a steel strain of fy/Es or a steel stress of fy. N A ccr h b d nAS Concrete Beam 26 jkm Cracking of the Concrete in Tension
