IMPLEMENTATION OF IOT BASED SMART VILLAGE FOR THE RURAL .
International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET)Volume 8, Issue 8, August 2017, pp. 1212–1222, Article ID: IJMET 08 08 121Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/issues.asp?JType IJMET&VType 8&IType 8ISSN Print: 0976-6340 and ISSN Online: 0976-6359 IAEME PublicationScopus IndexedIMPLEMENTATION OF IOT BASED SMARTVILLAGE FOR THE RURAL DEVELOPMENTGayathri NatarajanDepartment Electrical and Electronics Engineering,Saranathan College of Engineering, IndiaDr. L. Ashok KumarDepartment Electrical and Electronics Engineering,PSG College of Technology, IndiaABSTRACTIn this paper, IoT based smart village system is developed to support value-addedservices for various attributes of the village and for the people, while it still being abroad and complex category that are characterized by specific application domain.Rural development are designed to support the Smart village mission, which aims atexploiting the most advanced communication technologies. The global focus on waste,energy and water management and conservation and the cloud based system plays akey role in extending the connected benefits of the smart village beyond thedistribution, automation and monitoring being done by utility. IoT based Monitoringsystem will help consumers to monitor their own usage and adjust behaviours. Theproposed systems will eventually regulate automatically by operating during off-peakenergy hours and connect to sensors to monitor occupancy, waste collection system,lighting conditions, and also optimized irrigation management for those attributes areincorporated. This paper will address and discuss the technical solutions for theenergy management, smart irrigation system and waste management which can beadopted in the rural development mission.Keywords: Cloud system, Energy management, IoT, Smart village, Smart irrigationsystem, Waste managementCite this Article: Gayathri Natarajan and Dr. L. Ashok Kumar, Implementation ofIoT Based Smart Village for the Rural Development, International Journal ofMechanical Engineering and Technology 8(8), 2017, pp. JType IJMET&VType 8&IType 81. INTRODUCTIONThere are huge challenges in realization of a rural development that monitors and integratesall of the village infrastructure and services to leverage the collective intelligence [1-3]. Thedevelopment of a IoT based smart village includes Cloud based network which can provide avirtual infrastructure to process and integrate the analysis tools monitoring equipment,storage, and visualization platform within the system.IT- OT convergence which intend aeme.com
Implementation of IoT Based Smart Village for the Rural Developmentsmart billing and data analytics in energy management. Waste collection system enhancedwith cloud based IoT services which enable dynamic scheduling and routing in a wastecollection system seems to be an efficient system.The access to sustainable energy services acts as a basic catalyst for smart villagedevelopment extending the provision of efficient management of energy, water, waste andvarious other attributes. Major parts of rural areas are not stand-alone system it remains a partof a cluster, which are related to each other. These clusters explains the potential fordevelopment and it possess economic drivers, deriveLocational and competitive advantages. Rurban is named after the development of theseclusters which aims to strengthen the rural areas by provisioning of physical infrastructure,economic and social facilities.The envisaged components in each cluster are listed below: Mobile medical services.Education system.SanitationWater management systemWaste management.Road system Inter village connectivity.Lighting controlFleet managementDigital Literacy and People Service Centres.Economic activity based Skill development programmeAgro Processing, Agri Services, Storage and development.IoT based smart village can help to reduce cost through improved process efficiency, assetutilization and productivity. The tracking of devices is improved using sensors andcommunication devices which can be benefited from real-time datas and analytics help themmake smarter decisions. The growth and convergence of data, processes and things on theinternet would make such connections more relevant and important, creating moreopportunities for people, businesses and industries.Fig.1 represents the overall block diagram of the smart village system. The enormous ITinfrastructure is required by rural development along with the huge financial support whichis to be incorporated. Sensors, thousands of networking equipment and computing devices arebuilt in this complex network. Operational and maintenance cost of such a complex real timesystem will be much higher which is evident to meet stringent reliability and efficiencyimprovement. In case of smart irrigation management system each field has to be fitted with asensors and data control unit which are highly efficient and reliable. [4-6].Figure 1 Overall block tor@iaeme.com
Gayathri Natarajan and Dr. L. Ashok Kumar2. NEED FOR SMART VILLAGEEach country has developed a reputation as a global leader in upgrading their city as smartcity initiatives in its larger urban areas. The Rural areas are in need of essential infrastructurelike roads, drinking water and power. The future development mainly concentrates onimproving big metropolises into connected cities but failed to see where most of thepopulation resides. Villages more than cities need to be made smart for the overallimprovement and development of the country. The Development of opportunities for youthsin villages, thereby discouraging migration to cities. Farming remunerate occupation, withguidance and mentoring to farmers on how to get the best yield and market at remunerativeprices for the future rural development. Proper implementation which presides over thebenefits such as crop insurance, soil health card, and pesticides which can reach thegrassroots. Fig.2 explains the smart village transformation.Figure 2 Smart village transition diagramThe paramount importance should be given to develop an economically viable andculturally sensitive ecosystem in villages. The challenges remain the same, direct access to theglobal market has been a major challenge largely due to multiple intermediaries and lack ofskilled workforce. The large population lives in villages, we always fail to improve economicpotential and basic services by creating smart village.The most villages lack essential infrastructure like proper irrigation system, electricity andwater. To overcome this challenge, three strategy can be followed: Provide education on technology that supplements indigenous skills, Ensure digital and IT awareness, and Connect skilling-interventions to market.Smart Village development enable and access to sustainable energy services which pavesway for a development – enabling the provision of good education and healthcare, optimizedenergy management, sanitation, avoid wastage of water, and enhanced security, genderequality and the growth of productive enterprises to boost incomes, democratic engagement.3. LACK OF AWARENESSAlmost with all Indian villages, lack of awareness about schemes and subsidies in variousareas by the government, is the major problem they face. This has created a major hindranceon the occasions when we tried to update technologies and implement some projects likebiogas plant installation, Iot based installation and many more. An unhealthy wariness andlack of awareness about banking facilities still exists amongst the rural people. In order aeme.com
Implementation of IoT Based Smart Village for the Rural Developmentincorporate any such advancement or technologies first step is to create awareness among thepeople. [7]4. ENERGY MANAGEMENTThe challenges in load control for the power grid is now more severe than ever, due toadvancement in communication layer and the creation of a two-way infrastructure for realtime communication between people and the utility. The operator of the smart grid access theinformation and communication technologies to enhance grid security and reliability. Theyenforce controllable use of energy, and incorporate various components such as greenresources, distributed generator and power storage premises. Fig. 3 explains the energymanagement circuit diagramFigure 3 Circuit diagram of energy management moduleEnergy management is the process of monitoring, controlling, and conserving energy in abuilding or organization. It can also be defined as the strategy of adjusting and optimizingenergy, using systems and procedures so as to reduce energy requirementsTypically, this involves the following steps: Metering your energy consumption and collecting the data.Finding opportunities to save energy, and estimating how much energy each opportunity couldsave. You would typically analyse your meter data to find and quantify routine energy waste,and you might also investigate the energy savings that you could make by replacingequipment (e.g. lighting) or by upgrading your building's insulation.Taking action to target the opportunities to save energy. Tracking your progress by analysingyour meter data to see how well your energy-saving efforts have worked.The Demand response (DR) scheme shows that incentives are economically balancedaccording to the effective change of consumer behaviour. It includes minimising or shiftingconsumption, and using standby generation to change of electricity use from the grid to onsite generation. Notice periods of about 2-4 hours was considered by the operators asswitching time to safely implement a curtail plan with minimal impact on machineries andaccessories. There are various demand response [8][9] as follows time of use (ToU)Critical Peak Pricing (CPP)and Critical Peak Rebate r@iaeme.com
Gayathri Natarajan and Dr. L. Ashok KumarInvolvement in DR programs enhance the system operators with an intimation of detailsof the customer which includes resource size which is willing to curtail or shift load accordingto the response. Since the participation is voluntary in some of these DR programs can comesunder the direct load control and hence utility often does not have physical control of thecustomer’s load response. Incentive based demand side management is been followed in thesmart rural development to reduce the peak demand, tariffs and minimise the outages. Thepower demand for various countries in various periods as shown in Fig 4.Figure 4 Power demand for various countriesThe various proposed Demand response techniques involves in peak clipping or tariffbased technique which directly cuts off or shut down the loads. This paper proposes an ideawhich is a combination of both load shifting and tariff based. Here, the consumer is notifiedduring the peak demand period and recommended to shift the interruptible loads to off peakhour.Opinion of customer is also asked whether the loads can be shifted, if he opts then thetariff is increased several times than normal tariff. Hence the consumer will not be willing touse the interruptible loads like chargers, washing machines at an increased tariff. Obviouslythe peak demand decreases and hence ensures balancing of supply and demand. The fig showsthe IoT based network for energy management. Fig 5 shows the energy monitoring screenwhich is connected to the cloud. Energy management is also concerned with balancing ofsupply with the demand. It is classified into two categories namely Source side management(SSM) and Load or demand side management(DSM)The ultimate aim of all these techniques is optimal balancing of supply with demand sothat undesired blackouts and outages are eliminated. For successful implementation ofdemand response technique, modern equipment has to be built in the residential sector. This isachieved with the help of smart meters and smart grids with a daylong monitoring at thecontrol Centre. The addition of a communication layer to existing grid makes it a smart grid.The smart meter measures various parameters and also help in saving the energy consumedfor an hour or less.The IEEE Smart Village network is involved in the design and monitoring of attributes ofsmart village which improves technology innovation and involvement. This is mainlyimportant when intimating when the device may need to adapt, because 16editor@iaeme.com
Implementation of IoT Based Smart Village for the Rural Developmentconfigurations might evolve over time. Best example is when multiple solar based homesystems wired together to build a rural scale micro grid. Smart metering and billing areadditional requirements to recover expenses needed for installation, monitoring, andmaintenance. Renewable energy sources plays a vital role in rural electrification.[15][16]Figure 5 Energy management monitoring screen5. SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMThe agricultural productivity is dependent on efficient irrigation system. When water is spreadover a wide area covering all the places and temporally distributed it matches with field waterdemand hence efficiency is achieved.85% of the fresh water is consumed by the agricultureand it remains dominant due to increase in population and the increasing of demand for food[10].Field of agriculture has seen the rapid advancement.Irrigation system is improved by latest technologies. As precision advanced irrigationscheduling plays an important role in reduction in water wastage. The usage of variousmonitoring and controlled system is increased by people in order to increase the yield. [11]Soil moisture plays a key role in the life of the plant. Nutrients in the soil solution providethe plant with the food it needs to grow. Water is also essential for regulating planttemperature through the process of transpiration. Plant root systems are better developedwhen growing in moist soil. Excessive levels of soil moisture, however, can lead to anaerobicconditions that can promote the growth of plant and soil pathogens.Agricultural production is affected by poor irrigation management, it is necessary todevelop strategies to optimize irrigation. The monitoring and control of various factorsderived from field such as humidity, water level, temperature, and human interaction isgoverned by automated irrigation system. This system consists of controllers and a wirelesssensor infrastructure used to transmit the detected values. The yield can be improved byvarious automated system which can help the farmers. Sensors can be placed anywhere in thefield and system is also tested for different temperature. Only minimum deviation is observedin the sensor output. In recent years communications Infrastructure in the IoT is improvedrapidly which can meet the demands between the physical world "things" and "human". Thus,the remote objects are controlled using the smart gadgets. [12].Fig 6 shows the drip irrigationsystem which is involved the smart irrigation itor@iaeme.com
Gayathri Natarajan and Dr. L. Ashok KumarFigure 6 Drip irrigation systemDrip irrigation is a form of irrigation that saves water and fertilizer by allowing water todrip slowly to the roots of many different plants, either onto the soil surface or directly ontothe root zone, through a network of valves, pipes, tubing, and emitters.5.1. Salient Features 50 to 65% water saving compared to control method.Crop attains early maturity.Crop quality and yield increased.Requires least land levelling.Poor quality water can be used.5.2. Advantages of drip irrigation system High quality and increased fruit sizeSuitable for all types of soilEasy method of fertigationSaving in labour and field preparation costWater is provided directly to the roots of the crop through drip irrigation through whichwastage of water is minimized and water resources are optimized. This system is benefited byfarmers which will increase the yield of the crop. This smart drip irrigation system remains asa useful system as it automates and manages the watering without any human intervention.Depending upon the weather conditions the system is managed and automated response isgenerated. The water flow is managed using the relay controlled valves. Fig.7 shows theirrigation monitoring screen.Figure 7 Irrigation management monitoring or@iaeme.com
Implementation of IoT Based Smart Village for the Rural Development6. WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMAs the population in the rural areas increases, the accumulation of waste and trash level alsogets increased. The conventional bins with no automation is the existing status. The time ratefor dumping the waste differs for each bins bin and it doesn’t provide any details about thestatus.The proper collection and disposal of these waste becomes a must. In current scenario thegarbage collector physically go to each bin and check trash levels which involves morehuman power and wastes both time and fuel of the containers. Fig. 8 explains the wastemanagement circuit diagramFigure 8 Circuit diagram of waste management moduleThe sensors interfaced waste bins [13-16], are capable of intimating waste level status, isnot a novel method, the aim is use cloud interfaced network to automate the waste bins andefficiently manages the waste collection. It is not limited to the notification alone.The waste management technique which are not managed efficiently may cause seriousenvironmental problems and increase in cost occurs. Therefore, in this paper, by developingan optimising route for the waste collection is extended to reduce the fuel cost, source throughan IoT-based smart waste management (SWS).Fig.9 explains the optimised route for the smart waste collection system. It is achievedwith the help of smart bins. The conventional bins specifically designed and allotted with thesensors behaves as a smart bins. These sensors are powered with the batteries or green energysources can be used. These wireless sensors monitors, provide data at every instant and sendssignal to the control center through the cloud. A specific portal is developed for themonitoring and control of the waste with the help of a centralized hub.[17-20]Figure 9 Optimised waste management tor@iaeme.com
Gayathri Natarajan and Dr. L. Ashok KumarA secured cloud based server has been created with the help of this central hub. Thisreceives data from all the sensors through wireless communication which gives a limitedaccess for the user to monitor and control his residence appliances. The government or thecentral power has full access for monitoring of all attributes and also controlling of theattributes. [21-23]7. HEALTH MONITORING SYSTEMThe advancement in wireless communications and embedded systems opened a new way forhealth monitoring system. Remote health monitoring using wearable technologies like sensorsand smartphones is one of the most challenging interventions in aid of smart village which arein remote areas. The health care monitoring communication architecture that paves way forstationed nurses and medicine units. Sensor to patient smartphone through wearable interface.Fig.10 explains the other attributes of smart village. A secured server has been createdwith the help of this central hub using Node-red. This receives data from all the sensorsthrough internet technology which gives a limited access for the user to monitor and controlhis residence appliances. The government or the central power has full access for monitoringof all attributes and also controlling of the attributes. The server here shows the followingattributes as menuFigure 10 O
Keywords: Cloud system, Energy management, IoT, Smart village, Smart irrigation system, Waste management Cite this Article: Gayathri Natarajan and Dr. L. Ashok Kumar, Implementation of IoT Based Smart Village for the Rural Development, International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology 8(8), 2017, pp. 1212–1222.
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