ADDIS ABABA QUARANTINE - HumanitarianResponse
ADDIS ABABAQUARANTINECENTERSASSESSMENT REPORTA multi-cluster rapid assessment tool was developed by the ECC in cooperationof line ministries and humanitarian partners.Assessment Report
Table of ContentsExecutive summary . 2Summary key findings and recommendations . 3Annex 1: Report and data from the two teams . 7Annex 1.1 Key Assessment findings of Sidist Kilo and Civil Service University . 7Annex 1.2: Key Assessment findings of AASTU Quarantine Site.12Annex 1.3: Key Assessment findings of University Lideta .17Annex 2: Assessment teams .21Team 1 Assessment Team Members .21Team 2 Assessment Team Members .21Annex 3: Checklist .23Comments on the checklist.291
Executive summaryOne of the mandates of the Nation Emergency Coordination Center (ECC) is to coordinate the support to Ethiopianreturn migrants. Since March 20th, 2020, the government of Ethiopia has imposed a mandatory quarantine of 14days to all people coming to Ethiopia.In Addis Ababa, as well as in all the regions and point of entries, health screening as well as mandatory quarantinehave been implemented. The ECC in cooperation with line ministries and humanitarian partners has beencoordinating the support to migrants from their arrival at a point of entry, their accommodation at quarantine centersand their transport, when needed, to their area of origin after the completion of the mandatory 14 days.In Addis Ababa, seven sites (Addis Ababa University 4kilo, 5kilo, 6kilo, Lideta and FB campuses, Civil ServiceUniversity and Addis Ababa Science and Technology University) have been used to accommodate the migrantsarriving mostly through Bole airport. The sites have a capacity to accommodate approximately 3,500 people.A multi-cluster rapid assessment tool was developed by the ECC in cooperation of line ministries and humanitarianpartners. The assessment was conducted on 7th and 8th May 2020 at four sites in Addis Ababa to determine thestructural adequacy, functionality and service capacity in the sites. Recommendations and directions on how toimprove the sites was established. These recommendation and lessons learned will not only improve the sites inAddis Ababa but will also support the improvements of quarantine sites in the country. This report reflects the resultof the assessment.Significant improvements have been done in the last few weeks to improve the sites in terms of coordination andservices provided. The assessment report shows these improvements but also highlights some of the gaps in thesites. The major gaps and recommendations are:-Improve the coordination link between the quarantine sites and the ECCAddress the lack of proper waste management in most sitesMobilize adequate number of social workers and MPHSS professionalsImprove the support to Unaccompanied Migrant ChildrenImplement Uniform package for all sites on Risk communicationProvide adequate training/support and personal protective equipment to all staff working at the sites.2
Summary key findings and recommendationsThe table below summarize the main findings, gaps and the recommendations given by the assessment teams.Thematic areasKey FindingsCoordination Most sites are coordinated by ECC andoverall managed by Ministry of Peace Ad-hoc taskforce coordination mechanismis established in all the sitesInfrastructure setting Rooms have adequate space and goodsanitation conditions in most sites Separate buildings or floors for Male andFemale Although water supply is available in allsites, there are key challenges such asinterruption, availability on all floors Adequate latrines in most sites No isolation centers in the site expect 2 ofthem (AASTU, Civil service)Most sites provide accommodation for staffworking in the sites.Gaps Some key agencies not represented Well structures site management orincident command post structure isnot implemented well Most of the organizations operatingin the quarantine site lacks awarenesson the current coordination structureand reporting lines Waste management is lacking orinpatriate in all facilities. No facilityto dispose medical wasteLedeta site does not have watersupply (already assessed by MoWEI),AASTU has challenge in water liftingup to 2nd floor. Electricity interruption and poorinternet network specially in AASTU Hygiene in latrines are inadequate.Recommendation Establish formal ICPcoordination mechanisms in allfacilities. SOPs established by ECC to beimplemented in all theQuarantine facilities includingstandardized registration withclear roles and responsibilities. Waste management systemneeds to be improved Address issue of electricityinterruption (generator) Water supply issues need to befixed ASAP mainly in Ledetaand AASTU3
All sites have assigned doctors, nurses,sanitation personnel and security forces,cooks. Some sites have MPHSS and Socialworkers assigned. They joined the sites lateand there are no enough. Comprehensive COVID-19 training (IPC,PPE use, epidemiology, riskcommunication) was given to medical staff In most sites general orientation was givento supporting staff ECC representatives and site oversitepersonals are assigned Lack (or not enough) of socialworkers and MPHSS professionalsin some sitesOrientation and proper training to allstaffSome key agency respectivepersonals are not exist at the site Mobilize and deploy adequatenumber of social workers (welltrained in special care ofunaccompanied and separatedchildren) Mobilize and deploy adequatenumber of MPHSSprofessionals Provide adequate COVID-19training to ALL staff at thesites Formal orientation for returneesto be providedNFI NFI was provided by NDRMC and partnersin all sites NFI (such as PPE) is provided to all supportstaff but not enough (such as heavy-dutygloves)There is NFI stock in most sites (left overfrom the last response) lack of some NFI kits in some sites(such as dignity kits, shortage ofsoap) Enough PPE for all staff in some sites Maintain minimum NFIs in thequarantine sites including staff Finalize and implementminimum requirement standard(on going) Immediate inventory ofsupplies by quarantine sites(already started by NDRMC)Food and drinking safety University is providing food in all sites No adequate PPEs (Mask) among most staffand social distancing not observed in thekitchen Weak IPC measures noted from thekitchen staff. No adequate PPEs (Mask) amongmost staff and social distancing notobserved. Gap in tracking the available stock atsite level Need to device ways ofensuring IPC measures amongkitchen staff andphysical/social distancing byquarantine residents duringmeals. Assigning a team that takesTemperature of all staffs ondaily basis (for both facilities).Human resources 4
Protection & MPHSS Male and female returnees were residing inseparate blocks with security provided byfederal police. Group counseling sessions to returnees wasprovided in most sites. There is no special care arrangementfor (unaccompanied and separated)boys and girls in the center No formal feedback and complaint orfeedback mechanism is in place forenabling specific GBV/SEA reporting In most sites sperate accommodationfor UMC is not available Weak coordination in terms of UMCmanagement To oversee implementation ofthe protection related SOPsdeveloped for the quarantineand isolation centers Ensure BoWCY leadership inall sites for UMC andGBV/SEA Standard reporting mechanismthat includes referral and feedback and complaint mechanismto be properly implementedHealth Follow-up All individuals registered on arrival.Missing standardized registration tools Some sites have given adequate orientationto new arrivals but not all specially when alarge number of people arrived at the sametime at the site It takes 1 to 6 hours to take suspected casesto isolation centers. 2 to 5 days to get COVID-19 test resultsafter sample collection Some returnees were quarantine more than14 days OPD to non-COVID cases are not availablein some sites. Specially for pregnant andlactating mothers and children. No adequate orientation for returneesat arrival Delay in transferring suspected casesto isolation in some sites Different registration formats/toolsused in sites Key message package to beprepared for orientation Ensure immediate transfer ofsuspected cases to Isolation Implementation of the datamanagement SOP (alreadystarted for AAU)5
Risk communication andcommunity engagement(RCC) In some sites individuals briefed on arrivalon obligations and procedures. Posters and leaflets available in some sites In some sites, no formal orientationfor returnees in risk communicationgiven at arrival (not receivedadequate message on the purpose ofthe quarantine, the procedures, theirrights, duties and obligation duringthe stay in the quarantine center). Physical distancing is not respectedby returnees in most sites No audio messages for those whocannot read In some sites, there is no focal personfor RCCE Uniform package for all siteson RCC needs to beimplemented Responsible focal point forRCCE at each site need to beassigned Social distancing enforcementmechanism should beimplemented.6
Annex 1: Report and data from the two teamsAnnex 1.1 Key Assessment findings of Sidist Kilo and Civil Service UniversityGeneralSidist Kilo - AAUCivil service UniversityRecommendationOverview of theQuarantinecentersUniversity setting with a dedicatedcoordinator from the Ministry of Peace(Ato Gezahegn), however not present attime of the assessment. Assessmentfindings provided by lead doctor in thefacility and University Focal Point.Facility has capacity of 595. There wereno persons in quarantine at the time of theassessmentRepairing of the 29 rooms in CSUto make them ready.CoordinationOverall managed by Ministry of Peace.Other partners that have involved: AddisAbaba University, MOH/EPHI, MOLSA,Ministry of Women and children affairs,Office of Attorney General, IOM, WHO,Ministry of transport, Ministry of Water.No partner coordination mechanism hasbeen established. Partners individuallycontacting the coordinator.University setting with a dedicatedcoordinator from the Ministry of Peace whowas present at time of the assessment- (AtoMengistu). Assessment findings provided byCoordinator and lead doctor in the facility,and University FP. Facility has capacity of480; 75 for isolation and 405 for quarantining.However, only 451 rooms are in goodcondition. There were no persons in thequarantine at the time of the assessmentOverall managed by Ministry of Peace. Otherpartners that have been involved: CivilService University, MOH /EPHI, MOLSA,NDRMC, Ethiopian Police Service College,IOM, Red cross, Samaritan Purse, WHO,UNICEF.No partner coordination mechanism but dailymorning meetings of the main stakeholders.Overall, there was infrastructural adequacy interms of space, ventilation, illumination andhygiene except in Block 1. One individual perroom is the policy however, individuals stillshared despite being assigned single rooms.There is no protocol in place for the housingof children, either with an adult or guardian orNeed to device ways of ensuringdistancing within the quarantinerooms as there was no distancingamong the occupants in bothquarantines.Infrastructure ofthe settingOverall, there was infrastructuraladequacy in terms of space, ventilation,illumination and hygiene. One individualper room is the policy; however,individuals still shared rooms despitebeing assigned single rooms. There is noprotocol in place for the housing ofEstablish formal coordinationmechanisms like IncidentCommand System (ICS) in Ctogether withMoP andMoH/EPHIStandardize SOPs in all theQuarantine facilitiesFederal PoliceCommission toensurephysical/socialdistancing.7
children, either with an adult or guardianor unaccompanied minors. Duringquarantine, cleaning is done by occupants.No reinforcement to ensurephysical/social distancing, only riskcommunication provided. Police availablebut only enforce social distancing duringmeals and health monitoring, not in thequarantine rooms. All rooms in relativelygood condition, maintenance done byUniversity. Doors are lockable, femaleand male blocks separated. The facilityhas no isolation rooms unit and allCOVID-19 suspected cases were referredto AASTU in an ambulance. A referrallinkage exists with Yekatit 12 Hospital formanagement of non COVID seriousconditions. Accommodation is providedfor the staff working in the facility.Human Resource& COVID-19TrainingsNFIsFacility has 12 doctors, 15 nurses, 10cleaners, 66 security forces, 3 socialworkers, 25 food handlers, 4 psychiatrists,5 environmental health workers and 58food handlers. On COVID- 19 relatedtrainings only 1 doctor has receivedcomprehensive training and 10 cleanerstrained on IPC.All centrally managed from NDRMCcommon storage. 125 pairs of shoes areavailable.unaccompanied minors. Unaccompanied(male) minors were housed with adult males.During quarantine, cleaning is done byoccupants. No reinforcement to ensurephysical/social distancing inside thequarantine blocks, only risk communicationprovided. Police available but enforce distanceduring meals and Temperature screening donedaily at meals, not in the quarantine rooms.60% of the rooms have broken windows anddoor locks and in need of maintenance. Whenthere is no power, generator is not connectedto transformer therefore quarantine roomshave no lights. The facility has a newlydesignated isolation unit (75 rooms);previously severe suspected cases werereferred to other isolation units. A mobileclinic exists within the facility with a referrallinkage to Minilik General Hospital formanagement of other non COVID conditions.Accommodation is provided for the staffworking in the facility; 33 for doctors, 65 forsecurity officers.Facility has 23 doctors, 133 security forces, 3social workers, 40 food handlers, 1 NDRMC,1 MOP, MOLSA 2. On COVID- 19 relatedtrainings, only 2 doctors receivedcomprehensive training.Closely monitor livingarrangement of minors (under theage of 18)Staff of all cadres must receiveCOVID-19 trainings tailored totheir areas of operation.MoH/EPHI350 laundry soap and 400 bathing soapsavailable. Other items centrally managed fromNDRMC common storageMaintain minimum NFIs in thequarantine sitesNDRMC/ECCMaintenance of broken windowsin CSU quarantine.Address issue of electricityinterruption (Civil Serviceuniversity). Connect the generatorin the University to a transformer.MoWCYACSUEthiopian ElectricPowerCorporation8
Food andDrinking safetyCentre staffs prepare food for occupants.Kitchen has adequate cleaning materialsand utensils. Plate and cup are distributedto each resident which they areresponsible for cleaning and maintainingwith at site. Food is served near dormitoryarea – social distancing is not maintained.No IPC measures noted from the kitchenstaff. No adequate PPEs (Mask) amongmost staff and social distancing notobserved. Temperature is not taken ofkitchen staff upon arrival. Running wateravailable except Mondays and Fridays.Estimated cost of meal per person: 15Birr/dayCentre staffs prepare food for occupants.Kitchen has adequate cleaning materials. Foodserved in plastic bags and water in plasticbottles, later burnt in incinerators or well dugspecifically for this purpose. Kitchen staff nottrained on COVID-19. Most staff have maskand were wearing them in kitchen area.Physical/Social distancing not observed.Though the government allocated budgets in arate of 15 birr per day per person, theuniversity is using estimated cost of meal of30 birr per day per person throughcompensating from subsidies.Need to device ways of ensuringIPC measures among kitchen staffand physical/social distancing byquarantine residents during meals.Federal PoliceCommission andMoH/EPHIAdequate PPEs be availed tostaff, (AAU, Sidist Kilo).Assigning a team that takesTemperature of all staffs on dailybasis (for both facilities).MoH/EPHIThe University water supply is piped inbut scheduled interruption occurredfrequently and water supply has also beeninterrupted due to unknown causes forsome days. Water trucking is availablewhen water supply interruption occurredprovide that it is immediately reported. Tohave access to during interruptions, twowater tankers with 5 Meter cubic capacityhave been installed (but not completed atthe time of visits)NoThe University water supply is piped in butscheduled interruption. Some of the groundreservoirs of the water tankers were washed soas to be used for drinking.Address issues of water shortages(for both facilities)MoWIEMaintain continuous water supplyMoWIEMoH/EPHIWASHSafe water supplyContinuous waterSupplyAvailability ofrunning waterWater qualitycheckTo avoid contamination or contact, drinkingcups were distributed; however quarantinedresidents faced challenges fetching water fromthe source.YesIt is treated water as it is municipal water,but frequent check of water storagesshould be ensuredIt is treated water as it is municipal water, butfrequent check of Water storages should beensured9
Adequate latrineLatrine for staffonlyShower serviceShower servicefor staffsWaste collectionFinal wastedisposal uateNAPerforated plastic waste collection binsare available in each room (it is notadvisable to have perforated plastic, rathersolid bins with lids and foot press arepreferred)Using UNIVERSTY's waste disposal siteVery good waste collection: They use plasticbin with Foot press for each room and big binto collect rooms’ waste (from smaller bins)Provide shower facilitiesMoWIEProvide foot press plastic dust binthan perforated plastic bins foreach room and big bin to collectrooms’ waste (for AAU SidistKilo)NDRMCUsing UNIVERSTY's waste disposal siteGBV /MHPSS/ProtectionReports of SGBVThere were no reports of GBV incidentsinside the quarantine center. One rapecase was reported that had occurred priorto coming to the center. GBV service(shelter outside the center) was offeredduring the final days, however, theindividual refused to get assistance.Male and female returnees were residingin separate blocks. These buildings wereguarded by federal police officers andcross passing was strictly prohibited.All returnees were male; however,unaccompanied minors were housed withadult males.There were no reports of SGBV.Standard reporting mechanismthat includes referral andreporting mechanism for GBVand SEAMoWCYA, IOMPSS counselingGroup counseling sessions to returneeswas provided by Police Institute staff.Group counseling session to returnees wasprovided by Police Institute staff.Continues PSS service; IndividualcounselingEthiopian PoliceInstituteComplaint andFeedbackMechanism forGBV/SEA casemanagementThere is no strong CFM in place for thispurpose.There is no strong CFM in place for thispurpose.Interventions on GBV awarenessraising up on arrival to the site. Aneed to establish proper GBVreporting, comprehensiveassistance and referral servicelinkage.MoWCYA, IOMRisks of GBV10
Dignity materialSanitary pads were provided by IOM,MWCYA and UNICEF and distributed toreturnees. There are remaining items inthe store.Hoste
Female Ledeta Although water supply is available in all sites, there are key challenges such as interruption, availability on all floors Adequate latrines in most sites No isolation centers in the site expect 2 of them (AASTU, Civil service) Most sites provide accommodation for staff working in the sites.
Addis Ababa Institute of Technology School of Chemical and BioEngineering . gratitude to Addis Ababa Science and Technology University and all Food Engineering staff members especially Mr. Tagesse lembebo, Mr. Shiferaw Ayalneh and Feyera (department of Food Engineering) for their collaboration of laboratory work until my research work was .
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a thesis submitted to the school of graduate study of addis ababa university in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the masters degree in geography and environmental studies sep, 2015 addis ababa . 2 title- public transportation system: the case of addis ababa a thesis submitted to the school of gradute study of department .
Department of Neurology Faculty of Medicine P.O. Box 2380 Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Phone: 251 911 64 75 80 E-mail: getahaau@yahoo.com Dr. Getahun Mengistu Takele received his MD degree in 1989 from the Gondar College of Medical Sciences, Addis Ababa University (Addis Ababa, Ethiopia).
1.6 Methodological considerations 3 1.7 Theoretical considerations 4 2 Contextual background 6 2.1 Historical development of urban open space in Addis Ababa 6 2.2 Current public spaces in Addis Ababa 11 3 Case Study 17 3.1 Development of the square 18 3.2 Meskel Square today 21
Addis Ababa University 4 2. The University 2.1 History Modern higher education in Ethiopia began with the founding of the University College of Addis Ababa on March 20, 1950. Within the following decade, the College of Agriculture at Alemaya (now the Haramaya University), the College of
This study explores the research productivity of Addis Ababa University (AAU) faculty for the last five years (September, 2004-August, 2009). Addis Ababa University is the oldest modern higher educational institution in Ethiopia and English is the medium of instruction. The
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