Color Theory Do You Know A Painter Who Has Invented A .
ColorTheoryDo you know a painterwho has invented a colordifferent from those thatcompose the SolarSpectrum?André DerainImagine Chapter 7 conceive a new color. Subtractive Color Mixing andNotationWhat would yours looklike?7a
Chapter 7 Dyes vs. Pigments Color Specification Systems– Munsell Notation System– C.I.E. System– Pantone Matching System Mixing Oils and AcrylicsCeramic GlazesColored GlassColor PrintingColor PhotographyFiber DyesFading of Subtractive Color
Dyes vs. Pigments vs. Lakes Each of these are means of introducing color into amedium. Pigments are bits of power suspended (floating ormixed into) a medium. They tend to be opaque. Dyes are dissolved into a liquid solvent in practicedyes are much, much smaller molecules thanpigments. They tend to be transparent. Lakes are a compromise. Many paints needdenser, more opaque pigments — traits that dyesto not offer. So dyes are used to stain a whitepigment. Then that color pigment (a Lake) is mixedinto a medium.
Color SpecificationSystems The goal is a system for describinga VERY specific color. All visual design professions needto describe & control the colorsproduced by others. It doesn’t matter if the designlooks great on your computerscreen when you designed it, itmust look good in the finishedproduct.
Munsell“Greens” 0G - YG( 10YG) 5G - G 10G - BG( 0BG)
5.9YR/4.2/5
Pantone—offset print “palette” Current Pantone Spot colorformulations are based on 14basic colors (source colors), plustransparent and opaque whiteand black. These 14 colors offera wide color gamut. Individual spot colors are mixedfrom these basic colors. Each PMS color has a formula or‘recipe’ using these colors asingredients.
Notre Dame Cathedral,Chartres, France
ChartresCathedral
DaleChihuly
DaleChihuly
Video DaleChihuly
Dale ChihulyBorn in 1941 in Tacoma, Washington,Dale Chihuly was introduced to glasswhile studying interior design at theUniversity of Washington. Aftergraduating in 1965, Chihuly enrolled inthe first glass program in the country atthe University of Wisconsin. Hecontinued his studies at the RhodeIsland School of Design (RISD), wherehe later established the glass programand taught for over a decade.Dale Chihuly and a recent creation.
Chihuly Conceptdrawings forbasket series.
Chihuly Conceptdrawings forbasket series.
Dale Chihuly Installations Victoria & AlbertMuseum, London
Dale Chihuly Coral Gables, FL withfloating spheres inthe background
Dale Chihuly Fiori Di Como, 1998, BallagioResort, Las Vegas
Dale Chihuly Fiori Di Como, 1998, BallagioResort, Las Vegas
Dale ChihulyChihuly Over VeniceVideoChihuly worked with glass studios allover the world to create pieces for thetemorary Venice installation.
Small quantities of Metallic oxides aremixed into glass to create color in
Glass :Soda, silica, and lime. “Glass is a manufacturedthermoplastic consistingcommonly of silicates ofcalcium and sodium,composed of silica, limeand potash or soda.” Highly recyclable. Made primarily of theearth’s most availablematerial — silicon(that is, sand.)Dale Chihuly and a recent creation.
Stained/Blown Glass Opacity, transparency ortranslucency (opalescence) aredetermined by the relativeproportions of the rawingredients, which form glassafter three or four hourssmelting at a temperature inexcess of 1,500 degreesCelsius. Copyright 1998 Roy Osborne. All Rights Reserved. .htm
Glass :Soda, silica, andlime. Romans addedmanganese orantimony to produce acolorless clear glass. Very small portions ofmetallic oxides areadded to producebrilliant colors. The transparentnature of glassdramatically enhancesthe beauty of coloredglass.Chihuly Bridge of Glass, le Seaform Pavilion,Tacoma, Washington, Dale Chihuly 2002
Colored Glass &Glazes To color glass and ceramicproducts, heavy metal oxidesare either dissolved in themelts (ionic coloration) orincorporated into the melt asa pigment or stain (pigmentation). The coloring effect of the pigments andstains is determined by the nature of theraw materials, the firing temperature,dwell time and kiln atmosphere (reducingor oxidizing). lympic Tower byDale ChihulyCreated as a cultural legacy tothe 2002 Winter OlympicGames
Stained Glassmetallic “pigments” Oxides of cadmium,selenium or iron producered glass. Oxides of cerium, titaniumor vanadium give variousyellows; oxides of nickel, chromiumor tellurium give greens. copper oxide gives eithergreen or blue glass. Chihuly createdthe Yellow NeonChandelier forthe Columbus Copyright 1998 Roy Osborne. All Rights ass/Glass.htm Visitors Center.Created in 1995,the chandelier ismade of 900pieces of handblown glass.Weighing morethan 1,000pounds andmeasuring ninefeet long and sixfeet wide, itcontains 500 feetof neon tubing.
Floating glass in St.Louis BotanicalGardens. DaleChihuly
Chihuly installation in Missouri Botanial Gardens.
Chihuly chandelier in the Weidner Center in Green Bay,Wisconsin
CeramicGlazes UnderglazeOverglazeLusterHigh FireStonewareEarthenwareRaku etc.
Ceramic Glazes Many potters still mix and testtheir own unique glazes, whilea wide variety of commercialglazes are available. Different clay naturally has differentcolors – browns, oranges, white, etc.Glazes can be transparent over clay, or opaque. Glazes made of silicates – a form of glass. Glazes vary in their finish, as well as color:glossy, matte, transparent, opaque, irregularpits.
Colors hard to anticipatewithout testing Color of glaze not apparent untilafter firing – so potters must rely onprefired sample tiles and thenreproduce the same firing conditions. Methods of firing also affect finalglaze colors. Glazes must be selected forsuitability to the particular clay bodyto which it will be applied. Fritted Glazes have shattered bits ofwater-soluble, molten chemicalsadded, increasing their color clarity.
Ceramists muststudy the effectsof various glazeformulas and offiring conditions. Glaze samplesare hereorganized toshow the effectof various metaloxides andconcentrationswithin a glaze.http://ceramicartsdaily.org/
The left and right sets use a different base glaze. The top and bottom rows use two different metallic compounds. Note that Iron Oxide (2nd row) is used as a pigment in paint —below is Liquitex swatch for Red Oxide.http://ceramicartsdaily.org/
Test tiles must befired and theresulting colorsobserved. Firing conditionsalter the color andfinish of a glaze particularly thefiring temperature;the same glaze willproduce a differentcolor and finish iffired to a differenttemperature.
What effects the final glaze? The thickness of glaze application, theangle of the glaze on the ware, thetype of clay, the temperature at whichthe green clay was bisqued, theatmosphere inside the kiln, the toptemperature of the firing, and the soaktemperature and time. (it makes mixing paint look easy.)
Fiber Dyes Over 8,000 dyes are now classified bychemical traits and applications. Most living plants produces somethingthat can be used as a dye – leaves,stems, berries, seeds, barks and rootsall offer possibilities. Natural dyes are most commonlyyellow and earthy browns.
Production Dyes andSpecifications Variations and inconsistencies in theway natural dyes behave can appeal tocraftspersons and artists, but suchvariations are not wanted bycommercial production. (Remember what motivated Chevreul?)
Fiber Dye technical Issues Natural dyes only adhere to natural fibers. Artificial fibers must often be dyed byDispersed Dyes. The color of the underlying fiber effects thefinal color of dyed fiber. Mordant -- A chemical that causes a dye to“set” or become stable. Some dyes mustbe soaked in mordants to produce fixedcolors. Dyes often do not mix – to combine colors,fibers must be dyed one color at a time.
Types of Dyes Reactive Dyes, such as henna for haircoloring bond chemically with the fiber. Vat Dyes respond within the fiber only aftera special follow-up treatment of air, light, oracid is applied. Synthetic Dyes have dramatically alteredour color options and offer color stabilityrarely available in natural dyes. Direct Dyeing & Hand-dyeing procedure.
NaturallyColored Cotton Some cotton is naturally colored — itgrows that way and does not need tobe dyed. Weavers cultivated native white, tan,green, yellow, red, and browncolored cottons for thousands of yearsin South America. However, the fiber qualities of thecotton was not suited to moderntextile machines. The fiber isrelatively coarse, thus it was used onlyin artisan crafts.
Naturally ColoredCottonPigmented fibers withthe color as a part ofthe lumen (the fiberitself). Naturally coloredcottons have beengrown domesticallyfor several thousandyears in Central andSouth America. ml
Naturally ColoredCotton Naturally colored cottons areunique because they don't requiredyeing in the fabricmanufacturing process. In traditional processing, cottonfibers are first bleached, thencolored with dyes that oftencontain heavy metals. The dying processes producesignificant amounts ofcontaminated waste ry1.html
Naturally ColoredCotton "With naturally colored cotton,textile mills can reduceprocessing costs by using lesswater and energy and thuscomply more easily with EPAregulations". Cotton plant breeders fromCalifornia and Arizona are hopingthe latest commercial push of new"environmentally-friendly"clothing will win the hearts, andeventually the dollars, of ring/story1.html
NATURALLY COLOREDCOTTON—PERU Naturally pigmented cottonand fine fabrics have beenproduced for nearly fivemillennia in Peru,constituting the oldestrecorded tradition of spinningand weaving in humanhistory. The vast array of naturalcotton colors has been welldocumented since the time ofthe New World explorers. http://www.perunaturtex.com/textile.htm
NATURALLY COLOREDCOTTON PERU When the Spaniards crossed thePeruvian desert in 1531 theymarveled at the extensive fields ofcotton growing in a range of colorsunlike anything they had seenbefore. Highly prized by the Europeans,these long stapled cotton plants ofCentral and South America, weretransported around the world tobecome the progenitors of whattoday are considered to be theworld's premier cottons. http://www.perunaturtex.com/textile.htm
NATURALLY COLOREDPURUVIAN COTTONColored cotton was found growingin a few few places on Peru'snorth coast. The plant whichhad been carefully cultivatedand maintained over millennia,is now producing naturallycolored cotton for commercialuses.80 colors are now available. http://www.perunaturtex.com/scientif.htm
NATURALLY COLORED COTTON PERU No dyes, chemicals or other synthetic processes havebeen used to grow, soften or color the fibers. This exquisite pigmentation is achieved organically, ina chemical-free environment. http://www.perunaturtex.com/textile.htm
NATURALLY COLOREDCOTTON PERU Naturally colored fiber reduceschemical pollution on the field,in the factory and in the home. http://www.perunaturtex.com/textile.htm
Cotton not Coca(cocaine) What!? Some regions of Peru are currentlydominated by coca farming. Drug-trafficincome potential is high in this poor region. However, the Peruvian government isencouraging farmers to convert toorganically grown, naturally colored cottonas a viable alternative source of livelihood. The Native Cotton Project seeks toestablish a new and sustainable market forthis fiber by transforming it into yarn, fabricand garments.Machu Picchu
Cotton not Coca (cocaine) With marketing and technicalassistance, the expansion of thecurrent production base is likely tooccur quickly and in a sustainedmanner, providing an attractivealternative to environmentallyhazardous coca cultivation. The revival of fine organic andnaturally pigmented cotton textilesof Peru draws on the culturalheritage of great Andeantraditions. so buy (Peruvian) naturally-colored cotton,and fight drugs!
China aims for colored cottonproduction Xinjiang Produces 30% of World's ColoredCotton Output Northwest China's Xinjiang UygurAutonomous Region, a leading cottonproducer of China, reaped 44,000 tons ofcolored cotton a year. Xinjiang now grows approximately 46,700hectares of colored cotton, making the regionthe largest colored cotton production basein the world, according to the regionaldevelopment and reform committee. (Xinhua News Agency December 27, 2005)
Genetically EngineeredColor Xinjiang has developed seven coloredcotton strains including brown and greencotton. Researchers with the Xinjiang GeneticallyModified Colored Cotton Institute had beenworking with the hereditary Science Instituteof the Chinese Academy of Sciences toproduce red, blue and black cotton bytransferring an external colored gene intonaturally grown white cotton withsophisticated genetic engineeringtechnology. (Xinhua News Agency December 27, 2005)
Growing market fornaturally colored cotton Global colored cotton output reached up to160,000 tons last year and the sales ofcotton yarn rose by over 300 times ascompared with 2000. It is estimated that colored cotton outputwill make up to 30 percent of world's totalcotton in the next three decades. (Xinhua News Agency December 27, 2005)
Colors due togenetics and soiland climate. “Historical records report theexistence of browns with pinkand lavender tints. Thenatural color is due to theplant’s inherent geneticproperties. “Shades of colored cotton canvary over seasons andgeographic location due toclimate and soil variation http://www.perunaturtex.com/scientif.htm
Initially, naturallycolored cottonwas not suitablefor massproduction.Because of low yields, theinability of the fiber to bemachine spun (due to shortfibers), and the availability ofinexpensive dye-stuffs, naturallycolored cottons have not beenutilized for commercial textileproduction (Backe, 1994).
Viable Cottonshave beendeveloped andtrademarked.In 1982 Sally Fox, a plant breeder nowbased in Wickenburg, Arizona, began abreeding and selection program to improvethe length and quality of naturally coloredcotton fibers. By 1988 Fox had developed colored cottonhybrids with fibers long enough to machinespin successfully (Fox, 1987). Success inbreeding a machine-spinnable, naturallycolored cotton fiber led Sally Fox toestablish Natural Cotton Colours, Inc. Fox obtained acertificate of plant variety protection for hercotton and a registered trademark,FoxFibre .
The future of colored cotton looks brightin many places. It has attained nearcelebrity status in the U.S. and Europe.And this year (2008) Peru's naturallypigmented and organically grown cottonexports will exceed 15 million.COTTON CLOTHES in naturallyoccurring colors are produced in Peruand sold internationally under the brandname Pakucho.Pakucho means "brown cotton" in theancient Inca language.FoxFibre is another expanding brand,extending from Sally Fox’s research.http://www.perunaturtex.com/scientif.htm
Coloured chicks on display for sale at a local market place inAmman, Jordan. February 20, 2002.Merchants colour the chicks to attract children as thousands ofJordanian shoppers rush to the markets to buy goods and foodahead of the Muslim Eid al-Adha feast, a major Muslim holiday.Friday. 20 Feb 2002 REUTERS/Ali Jarekji
Coloring ChicksColoring embryos by injecting dye intoeggs before they hatch has beenpracticed for years.By dyeing the chicks, we can identifythe young of certain hatches or groups.Some scientists use this method toobserve movements of wild birds(especially birds like ducks) after theyleave the nests. i
Coloring ChicksBy coloring chicks, we can study howthe chick's feathers grow. The coloreddown (the fuzzy colors you see now)are replaced by juvenile feathers inabout two weeks.You can see how the feathers changeby watching the color pattern changeon the baby chicks.Dyeing i by injection of the egg doesn'taffect the chick's health, appetite, orgrowth.
ColoringChicks iFind out gg to chick/coloring.html
Coloring ChicksharmlesslyHarmless vegetable dyes, such as foodcoloring dyes sold in grocery stores,work very satisfactorily.Dyeing by injection of the egg will notaffect the chick's health, appetite, orgrowth.Find out gg to chick/coloring.html i
Subtractive Color Sources Pigments and Dyes are our sources of color. Natural and Synthetic agents are used. Paint, Printing, Glass, Glazes, Fibers areamong the applications that rely onsubtractive color mixing. Production printing and digital imaging haveactively pursued systems for specifying,testing, and calibrating color output. Despite rampant advances in synthetic color,organic, natural sources of color areexpanding as well.
Each of these are means of introducing color into a medium. Pigments are bits of power suspended (floating or mixed into) a medium. They tend to be opaque. Dyes are dissolved into a liquid solvent in practice dyes are much, much smaller molecules than
FPS-1032 FPS-1031 1U 1P HP Business InkJet 1000 OK HP Color Laserjet 1500L OK HP Color Laserjet 1600 OK HP Color Laserjet 2500 OK OK HP Color LaserJet 2550 OK OK HP Color LaserJet 2550L/LN OK HP Color LaserJet 2600 OK HP Color LaserJet 2605 OK OK HP Color LaserJet 2700n OK HP Color LaserJet 2840 OK HP Color LaserJet 3700 OK OK HP Color LaserJet 4000 OK HP Color LaserJet 4100 OK
o next to each other on the color wheel o opposite of each other on the color wheel o one color apart on the color wheel o two colors apart on the color wheel Question 25 This is: o Complimentary color scheme o Monochromatic color scheme o Analogous color scheme o Triadic color scheme Question 26 This is: o Triadic color scheme (split 1)
TL-PS110U TL-WPS510U TL-PS110P 1 USB WiFi 1 Parallel HP Business InkJet 1000 OK OK HP Color Laserjet 1500L OK OK HP Color Laserjet 1600 OK OK HP Color Laserjet 2500 OK OK OK HP Color LaserJet 2550 OK OK OK HP Color LaserJet 2550L/LN OK OK HP Color LaserJet 2600 OK OK HP Color LaserJet 2605 OK OK OK HP Color LaserJet 2700n OK OK HP Color LaserJet 2840 OK OK HP Color LaserJet 3700 OK OK OK
79,2 79,7 75,6 86,0 90,5 91,1 84,1 91,4 C9 C10 C11 C12 C13 C14 C15 88,5 87,1 84,8 85,2 86,4 80,5 80,8 Color parameters Color temperature Color rendering index Red component Color fidelity Color gamut Color quality scale Color coordinate cie 1931 Color coordinate cie 1931 Color coordinate Color coordinate
5. The Color Wheel as we know it The current form of color theory was developed by Johannes Itten, a Swiss color and art theorist. Johannes Itten developed 'color chords' and modified the color wheel. Itten's color wheel is based on red, yellow, and blue colors as the primary colo
trichromatic theory or color vision- Young-Helmholtz theory of color vision says that color vision depends on the activity in three different receptor mechanisms. Opponent-Process Theory of Color Vision- Hering’s theory of color vision says that color vision is caused by opposing responses (red
With the Toshiba e-STUDIO2330c/2830c multifunction color systems, you get high-speed, high-quality halftones and uncompromising color quality. Beautiful color. Accurate color. Color that means business. Toshiba color is color without compromise, thanks to innovations such as our patented e-Fine processors, microfine toner, and new developer.
2ND ACCENT COLOR: Appalachian Brown 2115-10 2. MAIN COLOR: Coral Essence 2007-40 1ST ACCENT COLOR: Old Navy 2063-10 2ND ACCENT COLOR: Fountain Spout 2059-70 3. MAIN COLOR: Louisburg Green HC-113 1ST ACCENT COLOR: Lancaster Whitewash HC-174 2ND ACCENT COLOR: Tangy Orange 2014-30 4. MAIN COLOR: Blue Angel
