Sec 6 Rubber/Standard Products - All Seals Inc
Section 6Rubber/Standard Products The Quad Brand Seal Family . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2 Identifying A Sealing Application Type . . . . . . . . . 6-4 Defining Factors in Sealing Applications . . . . . . . . 6-5 Quad-Ring Brand Seals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-10 Groove Design: Quad-Ring Seals . . . . . . 6-10 Quad Brand O-Ring Seals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-12 Groove Design: O-Ring Seals . . . . . . . . . . 6-12 Piston Seal Application Example . . . . . . . . . . . 6-14 Rod Seal Application Example . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-15 Quad-Ring Brand and O-Ring Seals forFace Seal Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-16 Quad-Ring Face Seal ApplicationExample . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-17 Rotary Seals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-18 Sealing Systems - Rotary Application . 6-19 Quad-Ring Brand Seals for RotaryApplications With Oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-20 Quad-Ring Brand Rotary SealApplication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-21 Selection Guide/Standard Size Quad-Ring BrandSeals and Quad Brand O-Rings Seals . . . . . . 6-22 Quad Brand Ground Rubber Balls . . . . . . . . 6-32 Equi-Flex Rod Wiper/Scraper . . . . . . . . . . . 6-34 Quad P.E. Plus BrandPlastic Exclusion Seals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-41Copyrights 2003 Minnesota Rubber and QMR Plastics. All rights reserved.6-1
Rubber / Standard Products The Quad Brand Seal FamilyStandard Products and Common ConfigurationsMinnesota Rubber produces a complete family of StandardO-Ring, Quad-Rings Brand and custom seals to provide theoptimum seal for a wide range of applications. Our originalfour-lobed Quad-Ring Brand seal design has been expandedinto a complete line of custom seals, some patented, withunique features to handle the most difficult sealingrequirements.Quad Brand O-Rings (standard and custom molded)For general sealing applications, Quad Brand O-Rings usually are a good firstchoice. Minnesota Rubber offers a fullrange of sizes in Nitrile andFluoroelastomer materials asstandard products (p 6-22). Ifyour application requires otherelastomers, Minnesota Rubber willhelp you select the right materialand custom mold it to the required specifications.Quad-Ring Brand Seals (standard and custom molded)6-2Providing excellent sealing characteristics ina broad range of applications, MinnesotaRubber’s original four-lobed designedseals are available in a full rangeof standard sizes, in Nitrile andFluoroelastomer materials(p 6-22). Should your applicationrequire other elastomers,Minnesota Rubber will help youselect the right material and custom moldit to the required specifications.Quad-Ring Brand Seal Advantages over standard O-Rings:1. Twice the Sealing Surface. Quad-Ring Brand‚ sealshave a unique multiple point seal contact design. Withtwo sealing surfaces, there is greater seal protectionwhen used as an ID seal, OD seal, or face seal.2. Lower Friction because of the Quad-Ring Brand sealsmultiple point seal contact design, less squeeze is requiredto maintain an effective seal. This lower squeeze resultsin lower friction, an important consideration for dynamicsealing applications.3. Longer life because of reduced squeeze. Quad-Ring Brandseals last longer and promote system “uptime.” Equipmentoperates longer and requires less maintenance.4. Seal surface free from parting line insures no leakageacross the parting line. Parting line is in the valley noton the sealing surface like conventional O-Rings.5) No spiral twist. Four lobe shaped Quad-Ring Brand sealseliminate spiral twist which causes conventional O-Ringsto rupture.Modified Quad-Ring Brand Seals (custom molded)For sealing across a broader tolerance range,the Modified Quad-Ring Brand sealhas a deeper valley than the originalQuad-Ring Brand seal design,thereby producing a lowerdeflection force. In OEMapplications such as plastichousings, this seal designhas reduced load with less creep.Designed for pressures less than 120 psi (8.1 bar).Modified Quad-Ring Brand seals recently were granteda new patent.
The Quad Brand Seal Family - continuedQuad-O-Dyn Brand Seals (custom molded)H-Seals (custom molded)For dynamic sealing applicationsproviding near zero leakage atpressures to 2000 psi (138bar) and higher. This sixlobed configuration,designed with two primaryand four backup sealingsurfaces, has excellent sealingfeatures in very difficult applications.It can be used with standard O-Ring grooves.Ideal for intricate single ormultiple grooveconfigurations instatic face sealapplications. Withthe deepest valleyof all MinnesotaRubber productdesigns, this configuration has superior sealing featuresin difficult applications.Quad-Bon Brand Seals (custom molded)Quad -O-Stat Brand Seals (custom molded)Ideal for applications with oversizedgrooves, strong spiralingpressures and as a retrofitfor existing O-Ringapplications. This fourlobed configuration hasthe widest valley in ourcustom cross sectionproduct line. It provides excellent sealing features.Designed specifically for static facesealing applications. Each ofthe six lobes serves as anindividual seal with thecorner lobes functioningas seal backups to thecentral lobes. If one lobefails, the remaining lobesprovide zero leakagesealing. Can be installed in standard O-Ring grooves.Quad-Kup Brand Seals (custom molded)For high diameteric clearanceapplications and thoserequiring low operatingfriction. Provides lowpressure seal up to150 psi (10.3 bar) inreciprocating and rotaryapplications. Thecombination lobed/cupconfiguration can be designed with the lip on any of the foursurfaces, top or bottom, on the ID or OD.Quad P.E. Plus Brand Seals (custom molded)This dual-function seal forms a self-lubricatingseal and an elastomeric spring for bothrotary and reciprocating applications.Newly patented, this seal designcombines injection moldablethermoplastic bearingmaterial with aQuad-Ring Brand seal.This seal is not intended forzero leakage applications.6-3
Identifying A Sealing Application TypeAlthough sealing applications can be classified in many differentways, a common method for classifying sealing applications isby the type of motion experienced by the application. Thecommon application types are depicted below.General sealing principles common to all of the sealtypes are discussed on the following pages.Sealing Application TypesStatic-No motionRotary-High Speed RotationDynamicSurface speed greater than50 fpm (15 meters/min)Slow RotationOscillatingReciprocatingSurface speed less than50 fpm (15 meters/min)Slow rotation with areversal of directionLinear motion with areversal of directionSealing Tips 6-4Provide detailed seal installation and assemblyinstructions, especially if the unit could be servicedby the end-user of the product. When appropriate orrequired, specify the use of OEM sealing parts. Within reason, the larger the cross-section, the moreeffective the seal. Do not seal axially and radially at the same time with thesame O-Ring or Quad-Ring Brand Seal. Don't use a seal as a bearing to support a load or centera shaft. This will eventually cause seal failure. Lubricate the seal and mating components with anappropriate lubricant before assembling the unit. Keep the seal stationary in its groove - don't let it spinwith the rotating member. When using back-up rings, increase the groove widthby the maximum thickness of the back-up ring. With a face seal, don't try to seal around a square corner.Corners must have a minimum radius of 4 times the sealcross-section.Selecting the Seal MaterialWhen selecting the seal material for the application,carefully consider: The primary fluids which the O-Ring orQuad-Ring Brand will be sealing The presence of ozone from natural sources and electricmotors, which can attack rubber Exposure to processes such as sterilization by gas,autoclaving, or radiation Other fluids to which the seal will be exposed,such as cleaning fluids or lubricants Exposure to ultraviolet light and sunlight, which candecompose rubber The suitability of the material for the application'stemperature extremes - hot and cold The potential for out-gassing in vacuum applications The presence of abrasive external contaminants Don't forget about water - it covers two-thirds of theEarth's surface
Defining Factors In TheSealing ApplicationWhile small in cost, seals are often one of the mostimportant components in a product. Seals must be carefullydesigned and produced to ensure superior performance ofthe product in which they are used. This section providesa review of the issues that need to be considered whenmaking sealing decisions.All sealing applications fall into one of three categories:(1) those in which there is no movement, (2) those in whichthere is linear motion or relatively slow rotation, or (3) thoseinvolving high speed rotation.Radial Sealing ApplicationsPiston (Bore) SealRod SealAxial Sealing ApplicationsA sealing application in which there is no movement istermed a static seal. Examples include the face seal in an endcap, seals in a split connector, and enclosure cover seals.A sealing application in which there is linear motion(reciprocation) or relatively slow rotation or oscillation, istermed a dynamic seal. Applications involving slow rotationor oscillation are classified as a dynamic application if thesurface speed is less than 50 fpm (15 meters/min).Finally, a sealing application in which there is high speedrotation, is termed a rotary seal. Applications are classifiedas a rotary application if the surface speed is greater than50 fpm (15 meters/min). It should be noted that both theseals and grooves used for dynamic and rotary applicationsare different in design and specification. These differencesare explained in the following sections.Seal Orientation and TypeQuad-Ring Brand and O-Ring seals can be oriented suchthat the seal compression, and therefore the sealing, isoccurring in either a radial or axial direction. This isillustrated below. In the case of a radial seal, the primarysealing surface can occur at either the ID or the OD of theseal, with the common names for these seals being a rodseal and a piston seal respectively. An axial seal is commonlyreferred to as a face seal. Each of these seal types can beeither a static, dynamic, or rotary seal, with the exception ofa piston seal which is generally not recommended for arotary application.Face SealSurface FinishShorter than expected seal life is usually the result of toofine a finish on either the rod or the cylinder bore. A highlypolished (non-porous) metal surface does not retain thelubricant necessary to control friction, whereas a rough orjagged surface will abrade the seal and lead to early sealfailure.To avoid these problems, we recommend an ideal surfacefinish of 20-24 µin (.5-.6 µm) Ra, with an acceptablerange of 20-32 µin (.5-.81 µm) Ra. The surface finishshould never be finer than 16 µin (.4 µm) Ra.Pressure Energized SealsIt is more difficult to seal at low pressures than at highpressures. As pressure acts against a seal, the rubber materialis deformed. With proper seal design, deformation canimprove the seal. This concept is used in many seal designs.By adding seal beads or pressure intensification details tothe seal, sealing improvements can be made to customdesigns. For very low pressure or vacuum applicationswe recommend using a Quad-Ring Brand seal over aO-Ring.6-5
Defining Factors In TheSealing Application - continuedFrictionSeal Installation – Avoiding DamageThe functional life of a seal is affected by the level offriction to which it is exposed. Factors contributing tofriction include seal design, lubrication, rubber hardness(the standard rubber hardness for most sealing applications is70 durometer Shore A), surface finish, temperature extremes,high pressure and the amount of squeeze placed on the seal.Seals can be easily damaged during installation. Forexample, a seal is often inserted onto a shaft by sliding itover a threaded surface. To avoid seal damage reduce therod diameter in the threaded region. Also include a lead inchamfer for the seal and avoid sharp corners on grooves.Easy InstallationPotential For DamageThe use of "slippery rubber" compounds can help lessenfriction and improve seal life. Surface coatings and sealtreatments such as PTFE and molybdenum disulfide arealso used to reduce seal friction.It is difficult to accurately predict the seal friction whichwill be present in an application, given the many variablesinvolved. When designing an application which will besensitive to seal friction, testing will probably be requiredto determine the effect of seal friction.Component Concentricity andRoundnessWhen evaluating an application, remember that componentsare not perfectly concentric or round. Concentricity androundness can also change with changes in pressure andtemperature. When sizing a seal, consider the worst casescenario for your application and make sure that the sealsystem you select will work in the worst case scenario.If, after reviewing the calculations on your application,you find that seal integrity may be compromised whendimensions approach a worst case scenario, considermaking the following adjustments before recalculating:6-61. Reduce the clearance between components.2. Reduce the tolerances of the components.3. Use a larger cross section seal to absorb the extratolerance.4. Increase the seal squeeze (which will also increasefriction).5. Improve component alignment and support toreduce the eccentricity.Use Lead-In Chamfer:30 30 Peripheral CompressionIn certain applications, such as with a rotary seal, the sealsize is selected and the seal groove is designed such that thefree-state diameter of the seal ring is larger than the groovediameter. Upon installation, the seal will be compressed bythe groove to a smaller diameter. This is called "placing theseal under peripheral compression", or simply "peripheralcompression."Peripheral compressed seals are used in rotary applicationsto prevent heat-induced failure of the seal due to materialcontraction. They are also used in face seal applicationswhen sealing a positive internal pressure. It should be notedthat a peripherally compressed seal does not experienceinstalled stretch, since the seal is being compressed ratherthan stretched during installation.
Percentage Gland FillSince rubber can generally be regarded as an incompressiblematerial, there must always be sufficient space in the sealgland for the seal. When there is insufficient space for theseal, application problems including high assembly forcesand seal and unit failure can occur. The ratio of seal volumeto gland volume, which is frequently termed "gland fill"or less formally as "groove fill", is usually expressed as apercentage of the gland which is occupied by the seal. Itis always desired to keep this percentage less than 100%under all application conditions and extremes of tolerance.To allow for a margin of safety, a good practice is to designto a maximum gland fill of 90% or less.noted that with standard seal sizes smaller than an -025 seal,the installed seal stretch will frequently be higher than 3%,even with a properly designed groove. In these situations,care should be taken to properly control componenttolerances to prevent insufficient seal squeeze fromoccurring at the extremes of component tolerance. Ifnecessary, component tolerances should be tightened toensure an acceptable seal is obtained.Seal ExtrusionThe gland fill can be easily determined by calculating thecross-sectional area of the seal and dividing it by the crosssectional area of the gland. The cross-sectional area of thegland is its height times its width. The equations for thecross-sectional areas of an O-Ring and a Quad-Ring Brandcan be found on Page 6-8. When calculating the maximumgland fill, always use the worst-case tolerance situationwhich results in the smallest gland and largest seal.Extrusion is a common source of seal failure in both staticand dynamic applications. The O-Ring illustrated failedwhen it was extruded from the groove. Part or all of the sealis forced from the groove by highcontinuous or pulsatingpressure on the seal. Ifleft uncorrected, theentire cross-sectionwill eventuallydisintegrate.Cross Section SizeFollow these easy rules to minimize the risk of sealextrusion:In applications in which the area to contain the seal is small,it is important to remember that smaller cross-section sealsrequire much tighter tolerances on mating parts. Smallcross-section seals cannot handle the large variation in partsizes, imperfections like scratches, and high pressure.1. Choose a seal configuration and material designedto withstand theanticipated pressure.Installed Seal Stretch andCross-sectional ReductionInstalled seal stretch is defined as the stretch experienced bya seal ring following installation into the seal groove. As aseal ring is stretched, there is a resulting reduction in theseal's cross-section. This reduction in cross-section willreduce the squeeze on a seal, which has the potential tocreate sealing problems, especially when using smallerdiameter seal rings. To minimize the occurrence of crosssectional reduction, a general "rule of thumb" to follow isto keep the installed seal stretch less than 3%. It should beCLEARANCE2. Make sure the clearancebetween adjacent surfacesis appropriate for thePRESSUREhardness of the material.Clearance should beminimized and must notexceed recommended limits for the rubber hardness.6-7
Defining Factors In TheSealing Application - continuedAnti-Extrusion (Back-up) RingsThe use of a back-up ring with an O-Ring or Quad-Ring Brand seal can minimize or prevent the occurrence of sealextrusion in applications with higher pressure or higher thandesirable clearance. Spiral-wound or washer-shaped back-uprings are installed next to the seal opposite the pressure sideof the application. Back-up rings are recommended forapplications with pressures in excess of 1500 psi.Although back-up rings can be made from any materialwhich is softer than the shaft, they are commonly made frompoly-tetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), which provides low friction.PTFE back-up rings are available as solid rings, single-layersplit rings, and two-layer spiral-wound split rings. Two-layerspiral-wound PTFE rings provide easy installation, protect theseal from damage, and are the recommended type. When usinga back-up ring, always increase the seal groove width toaccount for the thickness of the back-up ring.Seal Groove Design EquationsThe equations on this page are used to calculate the differentparameters of a seal groove. They are used in theexplanations and the examples on the following pages.Seal Percent Gland FillEquation 5Percent Gland Fill (Seal Cross-sectional Area/(GlandDepth X Groove Width)) x 100Installed Seal StretchEquation 6Max Percent Gland Fill ( Max Seal Cross-sectionalArea/(Min Gland Depth X Min Groove Width)) x 100Equation 1Percent Stretch ((Installed Seal ID - Original Seal ID)/Original Seal ID) x 100Seal Cross-sectional Compression (Squeeze)Seal Cross-sectional AreaEquation 7O-Ring Cross-sectional Area (O-RingCross-section/2)2 x 3.1415Equation 2Percent Compression (1 - (Gland Radial Width/SealCross-Section)) x 100Equation 3Max Percent Compression (1 - (Min Gland RadialWidth/Max Seal Cross-Section)) x 100Equation 4Min Percent Compression (1 - (Max Gland RadialWidth/Min Seal Cross-Section)) x 1006-8Equation 8Quad-Ring Brand‚ Cross-sectional Area (Quad-Ring Brand Cross-section)2 x .8215(Note the intentional absence of the division term in the Quad-Ring Brand formula)The maximum value for seal cross-sectional area can beobtained by using the maximum seal cross-section size(nominal size tolerance) in Equations 7 and 8.The following table provides the nominal and maximum seal cross-sectional areas for the standardseal cross-section sizes. This table can be used for quickly computing the percent gland fill.Seal Cross-sectionO-Ring Cross-sectional Area (in2)Nominal (in2)MaximumQuad-Ring Brand Cross-sectional Area (in2)NominalMaximum.070 .003.003850.004190.004030.00438.103 .003.008330.008820.008720.00923.139 .004.015170.016060.015870.01680.210 .005.034640.036310.036230.03797.275 .006.059400.062020.062130.06487
Recommended Radial Sealing Clearancesfor Quad-Ring Brand and O-Ring 30002072000138* INDICATES SHORE A(HARDNESS OF IN)RADIAL CLEARANCE (INCHES/MILLIMETERS)Notes1. This chart has been developed for seal cross-sections of .139" and larger. Smaller cross-section seals require less (tighter) clearance.2. This chart is for applications in which the piston and bore are concentric. Radial clearance must be reduced in those applications with severe sideloading or eccentric movement.3. The data in this chart is for seals which are not using anti-extrusion back-up rings.4. The data in this chart is for seals at room temperature. Since rubber becomes softer as temperature increases, clearances must be reduced whenusing seals at elevated temperatures.5. The maximum permissible radial clearance would include any cylinder expansion due to pressure.020 .505100.016 .40514.012 .305200.011 .28021.010 .250300.009 .22528.008 .200400.007 .17534.006 .150500.005 .12541.004 .100600.003 .07548.002 .050700.001 .025FLUID PRESSURE (PSI)This chart indicates the maximum permissible radial clearance as afunction of application pressure and the seal rubber hardness.6-9
Quad-Ring BrandSealsMinnesota Rubber pioneered the design and production offour-lobed seals with the Quad-Ring Brand seal design.These seals are used today around the world for a widevariety of static and dynamic sealing applications.Avoiding Spiral TwistTo minimize breakaway friction, an O-Ring groove must bewide enough to allow rolling or twisting of the seal. In thelong stroke of a reciprocating seal application, this twistingaction can strain and eventually tear the rubber, causing afailure mode known as spiral twist.To prevent spiral twist, the Quad-Ring Brandseal's four-lobed configurationis designed to withstand thedistortion and extrusionoften caused by high orpulsating pressure. Toaccommodate these forces,a Quad-Ring Brand sealuses a narrower groovethan a comparableO-Ring seal.Longer Seal LifeBecause less squeeze means less friction with the four-lobedesign, seals last longer. This means equipment in which theQuad-Ring Brand seal is installed will operate longer andrequire less maintenance.No Parting Line on Sealing SurfaceUnlike O-Rings,where partinglines are on thesealing surface,Quad-Ring Brandseals' partinglines lie betweenthe lobes, awayfrom the sealing surface. This design eliminates the problemsof leakage resulting from a parting line's irregular surface.Groove Design: Quad-Ring Brand Seals for Static and Non-RotaryDynamic Applications6-101. Cross-section. Select a Quad-Ring Brand cross-sectionsize from the available standard sizes. If you are unsurewhat cross-section size to use, see the discussion onPage 6-7.2. Clearance. Determine the maximum clearance present inyour application. For a radial seal, subtract the minimumrod (shaft) diameter from the maximum bore diameter.For a face seal, subtract the distance between the sealingsurface and the mating surface.3. Check the Clearance. Determine if the clearance isacceptable for the application pressures and the materialhardness being used by checking the graph on Page 6-9.Minnesota Rubber Company standard-line products aremade from materials having a hardness of 70 Shore A. Ifthe clearance is unacceptable, component tolerance willhave to be tightened, a harder material will have to bespecial ordered, or a back-up ring will have to be used.Note: The graph provides clearance values as radialvalues, so divide the number obtained in the precedingstep by 2 to obtain your radial clearance.
Groove Design: Quad-Ring Brand Seals for Static andNon-Rotary Dynamic Applications - continuedRecommended Starting ENDEDGLAND DEPTH "C"(in)(mm)RECOMMENDEDGLAND DEPTH "C"(in)(mm)AXIAL GROOVEWIDTH "D"(in)(mm) .005/-.000 4004 - Q4050.070 .0031.78 0.08.0611.55.0561.42.0802.03.0020.05Q4102 - Q4178.103 .0032.62 0.08.0942.39.0892.26.1152.92.0020.05Q4201 - Q4284.139 .0043.53 0.10.1283.25.1223.10.1553.94.0030.08Q4309 - Q4395.210 .0055.33 0.13.1964.98.1884.78.2406.10.0040.10Q4425 - Q4475.275 .0066.99 0.15.2566.50.2446.20.3107.87.0050.134. Calculate the Quad-Ring Brand groove dimensions.Using the table above, determine the maximum recommended gland depth for your application. Then, calculatethe Quad-Ring Brand groove diameter as follows:a. For a rod (shaft) seal:Quad-Ring Brand Groove Diameter Min ShaftDiameter (2 X Recommended Gland Depth)b. For a bore (piston) seal:Quad-Ring Brand Groove Diameter Max BoreDiameter - (2 X Recommended Gland Depth)c. For a face seal:Quad-Ring Brand Groove Depth RecommendedGland Depth - Application ClearanceWith a face seal, if the two surfaces to be sealed are indirect contact (such as with a cover), the seal groovedepth is simply the Recommended Gland Depth5. Groove Width. Refer to the table above to determine thegroove width for the Quad-Ring Brand cross-section sizeyou have selected. If you are using a back-up ring in yourapplication, increase the groove width by the maximumthickness of the back-up ring.6. Percent Gland Fill. Determine the maximum percent glandfill using Equation 6 from Page 4-8. If the gland fill exceeds100%, the groove will have to be redesigned. A good "ruleof-thumb" is to not exceed about 90% gland fill.7. Calculate the Seal Squeeze. Using Equations 3 and 4(Page 6-8), calculate the minimum and maximum seal crosssectional compression (squeeze). The recommended glandvalues in the table above have been developed to create aproper range of squeeze for many applications involving oil,hydraulic fluid, or normal lubricants, providing componenttolerances are sufficiently controlled. In applicationsinvolving high pressure, large component tolerances, theneed for very low frictional forces, or other types of fluids,the seal and groove design should be verified through anacceptable method, such as testing or engineering analysis.8. Select the Seal. Select theBORE OR SHAFTBREAK CORNERSproper Quad-Ring Brand APPROX. .003 R MAX. 20/24 µin Ra FINISHsize from the StandardGROOVESize table beginning onC32/64 µin RaFINISHPage 6-22. Start by turningto the section of the tableD.005 .012 Rfor the cross-section sizeyou have selected, and then finding the Quad-Ring Brandfor the proper size bore or rod (shaft) you are sealing. Ifthe bore or shaft size you are using is not listed, select theQuad-Ring Brand with an inside diameter just smallerthan the shaft you are using. If you are designing a faceseal, select the Quad-Ring Brand with an inside diameterwhich will position the Quad-Ring Brand on the sideof the groove opposite the pressure. See Page 6-16 formore information on face seal groove design. Note theQuad-Ring Brand inside diameter for the next step.9. Calculate the Seal Stretch. Using Equation 1 (Page6-8), calculate the installed seal stretch. If the installedseal stretch is greater than about 3%, you may have toselect the next larger Quad-Ring Brand size or require acustom Quad-Ring Brand for your application. If you areusing a Quad-Ring Brand size less than a number -025,See Page 6-7 for more information.10. Detail the Groove. Complete the groove design byspecifying the proper radii and finish as indicated in thefigure above.6-11
Quad Brand O-RingSealsThe O-Ring is usually the designer's first choice when asealing application is encountered. Properly engineeredto the application, an O-Ring will provide long-termperformance in a variety of seal applications. O-Rings arewell suited for use as static, reciprocal and oscillating sealsin low speed and low pressure applications.The O-Ring is a good general purpose seal in both air andgas systems, as well as in hydraulic applications. Air andgas system designs must include adequate lubrication of theO-Ring in order to prevent damage to the sealing surface.The popular O-Ring cross-section is configured in a varietyof shapes as a stand alone seal, or incorporated into otherrubber sealing components such as gaskets and diaphragms.O-Ring cross-sections are molded or bonded to metal orplastic parts such as valve stems, quick-disconnect poppetsand spool valve cylinders.Groove Design: O-Ring Seals for Static and Non-RotaryDynamic Applications1. Cross-section. Select an O-Ring cross-section size fromthe available standard sizes. If you are unsure what crosssection size to use, see the discussion on Page 6-7.6-122. Clearance. Determine the maximum clearance present inyour application. For a radial seal, subtract the minimumrod (shaft) diameter from the maximum bore diameter.For a face seal, subtract the distance between the sealingsurface and the mating surface.3. Check the Clearance. Determine if the clearance isacceptable for the application pressures and the materialhardness being used by checking the graph on Page 6-9.Minnesota Rubber Company standard-line products aremade from materials having a hardness of 70 Shore A. Ifthe clearance is unacceptable, component tolerance willhave to be tightened, a harder material will have to bespecial ordered, or a back-up ring will have to be used.Note: The graph provides clearance values as radialvalues, so divide the number obtained in the precedingstep by 2 to obtain your radial clearance.
Groove Design: O-Ring Seals for Static and Non-RotaryDynamic Applications - continuedRecommended Starting DimensionsRINGSIZEQ8004 - Q8050CROSS-SECTION(in)(mm).070 .0031.78 0.08D
is deformed. With proper seal design, deformation can improve the seal. This concept is used in many seal designs. By adding seal beads or pressure intensification details to the seal, sealing improvements can be made to custom designs. For very low pressure or vacuum applications we recommend using a Quad-Ring Brand seal over a O-Ring.
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