DVI KVM Over IP Extender KE6900 / KE6940 User Manual
DVI KVM Over IP ExtenderKE6900 / KE6940User Manualwww.aten.com
KE6900 / KE6940 User ManualFCC, CE InformationFEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION INTERFERENCESTATEMENT: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with thelimits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Theselimits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmfulinterference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment.This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, ifnot installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual, may causeharmful interference to radio communications. Operation Matrix Managerofthis equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference inwhich case the user will be required to correct the interference at his ownexpense.FCC Caution: Any changes or modifications not expressly approved by theparty responsible for compliance could void the user's authority to operate thisequipment.CE Warning: This is a class A product. In a domestic environment this productmay cause radio interference in which case the user may be required to takeadequate measures.RoHSThis product is RoHS compliant.SJ/T 11364-2006The following contains information that relates to China.ii
KE6900 / KE6940 User ManualUser InformationOnline RegistrationBe sure to register your product at our online support one SupportFor telephone support, call this -0110Japan81-3-5615-5811Korea82-2-467-6789North America1-888-999-ATEN ext 4988United Kingdom44-8-4481-58923User NoticeAll information, documentation, and specifications contained in this manualare subject to change without prior notification by the manufacturer. Themanufacturer makes no representations or warranties, either expressed orimplied, with respect to the contents hereof and specifically disclaims anywarranties as to merchantability or fitness for any particular purpose. Any ofthe manufacturer's software described in this manual is sold or licensed as is.Should the programs prove defective following their purchase, the buyer (andnot the manufacturer, its distributor, or its dealer), assumes the entire cost of allnecessary servicing, repair and any incidental or consequential damagesresulting from any defect in the software.The manufacturer of this system is not responsible for any radio and/or TVinterference caused by unauthorized modifications to this device. It is theresponsibility of the user to correct such interference.The manufacturer is not responsible for any damage incurred in the operationof this system if the correct operational voltage setting was not selected priorto operation. PLEASE VERIFY THAT THE VOLTAGE SETTING ISCORRECT BEFORE USE.iii
KE6900 / KE6940 User ManualPackage ContentsBasic PackageThe basic KE6900 / KE6940 package consists of:1 KE6900T / KE6940T DVI KVM Over IP Extender1 KE6900R / KE6940R DVI KVM Over IP Extender2 Power Adapters1 USB KVM Cable1 DVI-D Cable 2m (KE6940 only)1 Mounting Kits1 User Instructions*Check to make sure that all of the components are present and in good order.If anything is missing, or was damaged in shipping, contact your dealer.Read this manual thoroughly and follow the installation and operationprocedures carefully to prevent any damage to the switch or to any otherdevices on the KE6900 / KE6940 installation.* Features may have been added to the KE6900 / KE6940 since this manualwas published. Please visit our website to download the most up-to-dateversion.Copyright 2014 ATEN International Co., Ltd.Manual Part No.F/W Version:Manual Date: 2014-12-31Altusen and the Altusen logo are registered trademarks of ATEN International Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Allother brand names and trademarks are the registered property of their respective owners.iv
KE6900 / KE6940 User ManualContentsFCC, CE Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iiSJ/T 11364-2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iiUser Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .iiiOnline Registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .iiiTelephone Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .iiiUser Notice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .iiiPackage Contents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ivBasic Package. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ivAbout This Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ixConventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiProduct Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiChapter 1.IntroductionOverview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Console . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Computers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Cables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Operating Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5KE6900T (Transmitter) Front View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5KE6900T (Transmitter) Rear View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6KE6900R (Receiver) Front View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7KE6900R (Receiver) Rear View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8KE6940T (Transmitter) Front View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9KE6940T (Transmitter) Rear View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10KE6940R (Receiver) Front View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11KE6940R (Receiver) Rear View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12Chapter 2.Hardware SetupRack Mounting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13Wall Mounting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15Setting Up a Point-to-Point Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16Point-to-Point Installation 1 of 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17Point-to-Point Installation 2 of 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18Setting Up a LAN Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19Network Installation Diagram 1 of 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21Network Installation Diagram 2 of 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22Network Configuration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23Return . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24v
KE6900 / KE6940 User ManualDefault IP Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24Chapter 3.OSD OperationOverview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25LED Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25Invoking the OSD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26OSD Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27User Station Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31Transmitter Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36User Preferences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37Connecting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38Connections Page. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39Profile Page. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41Chapter 4.Matrix Manager InstallationOverview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43Download . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43Matrix Manager Install . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45Chapter 5.Browser OperationOverview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49Logging In . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49The Matrix Manager Main Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50Web Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50Tree View Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51The Tab Bar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52Chapter 6.DashboardOverview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53Active Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54Active Sessions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54Online User Stations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55Online Transmitters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55Latest Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56vi
KE6900 / KE6940 User ManualChapter 7.Device ManagementOverview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57User Stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58Adding a User Station . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59Configuring a User Station . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60Deleting a User Station . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63Rx Video Group. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64Hardware Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64Adding an Rx Video Group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65Transmitters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67Adding a Transmitter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68Configuring a Transmitter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69Deleting a Transmitter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73Target Connections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74Targets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75Adding a Target . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76Target Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79Adding a Target Group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79Profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81Adding a Profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82Chapter 8.User ManagementOverview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85Users. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86Adding Users . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86Modifying User Accounts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88Deleting User Accounts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89Creating Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89Modifying Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90Deleting Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90Users and Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91Assigning Users to a Group From the User’s Notebook . . . . . . . . . . . 91Removing Users From a Group From the User’s Notebook . . . . . . . . 92Assigning Users to a Group From the Group’s Notebook . . . . . . . . . . 93Removing Users From a Group From the Group’s Notebook . . . . . . . 94Device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95Assigning Device Permissions From the User’s Notebook . . . . . . . . . 95Assigning Device Permissions From the Groups’ Notebook . . . . . . . . 97Chapter 9.SystemOverview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98Global Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99vii
KE6900 / KE6940 User ManualANMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102Event Destination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102Authentication & Authorization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104Redundancy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107Chapter 10.LogsOverview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111System Log. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112Filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113Chapter 11.MaintenanceOverview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115Backup / Restore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116Backup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116Restore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117Firmware Upgrade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118Firmware Upgrade Recovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119Certificates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120Private Certificate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120Certificate Signing Request . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121Preferences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123Chapter 12.Firmware Upgrade UtilityPreparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125Starting the Upgrade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126Upgrade Succeeded . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128Firmware Upgrade Recovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129AppendixSafety Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131Rack Mounting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133Technical Support. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134International . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134North America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135IP Installer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137Trusted Certificates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138Self-Signed Private Certificates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139Importing the Files. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139Limited Warranty. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140viii
KE6900 / KE6940 User ManualAbout This ManualThis User Manual is provided to help you get the most from your KE6900 /KE6940 system. It covers all aspects of installation, configuration andoperation. An overview of the information found in the manual is providedbelow.Chapter 1, Introduction, introduces you to the KE6900 / KE6940 System.Its purpose, features and benefits are presented, and its front and back panelcomponents are described.Chapter 2, Hardware Setup, provides step-by-step instructions for settingup your installation, and explains some basic operation procedures.Chapter 3, OSD Operation, explains the fundamental concepts involved inoperating the KE6900 / KE6940 system, and provides a complete descriptionof the On Screen Displays (OSDs) and how to work with them.Chapter 4, Matrix Manager Installation, explains the administrativeprocedures that are required to download and install the Matrix Managersoftware.Chapter 5, Browser Operation, explains how to log in to the MatrixManager with a web browser, and describes the features, functions, and how towork with the browser's interface.Chapter 6, Dashboard, explains how to use the Matrix Manager’sDashboard tab t
1 KE6900T / KE6940T DVI KVM Over IP Extender 1 KE6900R / KE6940R DVI KVM Over IP Extender 2 Power Adapters 1 USB KVM Cable 1 DVI-D Cable 2m (KE6940 only) 1 Mounting Kits 1 User Instructions* Check to make sure that all of the components are present and in good order. If anything is missing, or was damaged in shipping, contact your dealer.
Both distribution amplifiers accept one single link DVI-D input and drive two (DVI DA2) or four (DVI DA4) single link DVI-D output signals. 0.4A MA12V X POWER DVI-D INPUT DVI-D OUTPUT 1 2 DVI DA2 Extron DVI DA 2 Distribution Ampli er PC w/ DVI Output Local Monitor Flat Panel Display w/ DVI In
3 PDF-MG-KVM-53x-V1.00 About your Pathfinder 500 series device The Pathfinder 500 series includes a DVI encoder and decoder, capable of extending a 1080p signal up to 20 km (12 miles). MG-KVM-531 encoder rear panel DVI IN DVI-I in. Connect to the PC you want to contr
Nov 08, 2013 · KVM cable. VGA PS2 KVM cable. VGA USB PS/2 KVM switch USB KVM switchwith DVI/VGA Adapter Note: Cabling options include either a VGA/USB, a VGA/PS2, or a DVI USB cable. Note: Please check cable details with your dealer. Caution :The Rackview LCD console drawer is hot-pluggable, but components of connected
*The SFP module (2A-136G / 2A-137G) is sold separately. Contact your ATEN dealer for product information. **Refer to www.aten.com for a list of the KE Series extenders. 2K DVI-D Dual Link KVM over IP Extender KE6910 / KE6912
The CE600 / CE602 is a DVI and USB based KVM Extender with RS-232 . the CE600 / CE602 features an EQ switch on the Remote Unit to adjust the picture on the remote console. . local video output port or use an ATEN EDID emulator. Chapter 1. Introduction 3 Requirements Consoles
Sep 06, 2011 · 2. Install the KVM Switch unit into the rack cabinet. Figure 9. DKVM-440 Front Panel D. Plug in the power adapter for each level Slave KVM Switch and connect Slave KVM switch to computers. E. The power on sequence should be: 1. Master KVM Switch 2. Second level Slave KVM Switch (connec
6 PUBLIC USE #NXPFTF KVM/QEMU Multicore Hardware Linux KVM App Virtual Machine 1 QEMU App OS Virtual Machine 2 QEMU App OS KVM/QEMU-open source virtualization technology based on the Linux kernel KVM is a Linux kernel module QEMU is a user space emulator that uses KVM for acceleration Run virtual machines alongside Linux applications No or minimal OS changes required
Advanced Engineering Mathematics 1. First-order ODEs 25 Problems of Section 1.3. The differential equation becomes Advanced Engineering Mathematics 1. First-order ODEs 26 1.4 Exact differential equations Now we want to consider a DE as That is, M(x,y)dx N(x,y)dy 0. The solving principle can be
