NCERT Exemplar Solutions For Class 11 Physics Chapter 3 .
Exemplar Solutions for Class 11 Physics Chapter 3 Motion in a Straight LineMultiple Choice Questions I3.1. Among the four graphs, there is only one graph for which average velocity over the time interval (0,T)can vanish for a suitably chosen T. Which one is it?Answer:The correct answer is b)
Exemplar Solutions for Class 11 Physics Chapter 3 Motion in a Straight Line3.2. A lift is coming from 8th floor and is just about to reach 4th floor. Taking ground floor as origin andpositive direction upwards for all quantities, which one of the following is correct?a) x 0, v 0, a 0b) x 0, v 0, a 0c) x 0, v 0, a 0d) x 0, v 0, a 0Answer:The correct answer is a) x 0, v 0, a 0The value of x and v becomes negative as the lift is moving from 8th floor to the 4th floor whereas acceleration isacting in the upwards and stays positive. This is explained with the help of following diagram:
Exemplar Solutions for Class 11 Physics Chapter 3 Motion in a Straight Line3.3. In one-dimensional motion, instantaneous speed v satisfies 0 v v0.a) the displacement in time T must always take non-negative valuesb) the displacement x in time T satisfies: v0T x v0Tc) the acceleration is always a non-negative numberd) the motion has no turning pointsAnswer:The correct answer is b) the displacement in time T must always take non-negative values3.4. A vehicle travels half the distance L with speed V1 and the other half with speed V2, then its averagespeed isa) (V1 V2)/2b) (2V1 V2)/(V1 V2)c) (2V1V2)/(V1 V2)d) L(V1 V2)/V1V2Answer:The correct answer is c) (2V1V2)/(V1 V2)3.5. The displacement of a particle is given by x (t-2)2 where x is in metres and t is seconds. The distancecovered by the particle in first 4 seconds isa) 4 mb) 8 mc) 12 md) 16 mAnswer:The correct answer is b) 8 m
Exemplar Solutions for Class 11 Physics Chapter 3 Motion in a Straight Line3.6. At a metro station, a girl walks up a stationary escalator in time t1. If she remains stationary on theescalator, then the escalator take her up in time t2. The time taken by her to walk up on the movingescalator will bea) (t1 t2)/2b) t1t2/(t2 – t1)c) t1t2/(t2 t1)d) t1 – t2Answer:The correct answer is c) t1t2/(t2 t1)Multiple Choice Questions II3.7. The variation of quantity A with quantity B, plotted in figure describes the motion of a particle in astraight line.a) quantity B may represent timeb) quantity A is velocity if motion is uniformc) quantity A is displacement if motion is uniformd) quantity A is velocity if motion is uniformly acceleratedAnswer:The correct answer is a) quantity B may represent time, c) quantity A is displacement if motion is uniform and d)quantity A is velocity if motion is uniformly accelerated3.8. A graph of x versus t is shown in the figure. Choose correct alternatives from below.
Exemplar Solutions for Class 11 Physics Chapter 3 Motion in a Straight Linea) the particle was released from rest at t 0b) at B, the acceleration a 0c) at C, the velocity and the acceleration vanishd) average velocity for the motion A and D is positivee) the speed at D exceeds that at EAnswer:The correct answer is a) the particle was released from rest at t 0, c) at C, the velocity and the acceleration vanishand e) the speed at D exceeds that at E3.9. For the one-dimensional motion, describe by x t – sinta) x(t) 0 for all t 0b) v(t) 0 for all t 0c) a(t) 0 for all t 0d) v(t) lies between 0 and 2Answer:The correct answer is a) x(t) 0 for all t 0 and d) v(t) lies between 0 and 23.10. A spring with one end attached to a mass and the other to a rigid support is stretched and released.a) magnitude of acceleration, when just released is maximumb) magnitude of acceleration, when at equilibrium position is maximumc) speed is maximum when mass is at equilibrium positiond) magnitude of displacement is always maximum whenever speed is minimumAnswer:The correct answer is a) magnitude of acceleration, when just released is maximum and c) speed is maximumwhen mass is at equilibrium position
Exemplar Solutions for Class 11 Physics Chapter 3 Motion in a Straight Line3.11. A ball is bouncing elastically with a speed 1 m/s between walls of a railway compartment of size 10 min a direction perpendicular to walls. The train is moving at a constant velocity of 10 m/s parallel to thedirection of motion of the ball. As seen from the ground,a) the direction of motion of the ball changes every 10 secondsb) speed of ball changes every 10 secondsc) average speed of ball over any 20 seconds intervals is fixedd) the acceleration of ball is the same as from the trainAnswer:The correct option is b) speed of ball changes every 10 seconds, c) average speed of ball over any 20 secondsintervals is fixed and d) the acceleration of ball is the same as from the trainVery Short Answers3.12. Refer to the graphs below and match the following:Grapha)b)c)d)Characteristicsi) has v 0 and a 0 throughoutii) has x 0 throughout and has a point with v 0and a point with a 0iii) has a point with zero displacement for t 0iv) has v 0 and a 0
Exemplar Solutions for Class 11 Physics Chapter 3 Motion in a Straight LineAnswer:a) matches with iii) has a point with zero displacement for t 0b) matches with ii) has x 0 throughout and has a point with v 0 and a point with a 0c) matches with iv) has v 0 and a 0d) matches with i) has v 0 and a 0 throughout3.13. A uniformly moving cricket ball is turned back by hitting it with a bat for a very short time interval.Show the variation of its acceleration with taking acceleration in the backward direction as positive.Answer:The force which is generated by the bat is known as impulsive force. When the effect of gravity is ignored, it canbe said that the ball moves with a uniform speed horizontally and returns back to the bat with the same speed.When the ball hits the bat, the acceleration is zero. Acceleration is generated when the ball strikes the bat and animpulsive force is generated.Following is the graph of variation of acceleration with respect to time:
Exemplar Solutions for Class 11 Physics Chapter 3 Motion in a Straight Line3.14. Give examples of a one-dimensional motion wherea) the particle moving along positive x-direction comes to rest periodically and moves forwardb) the particle moving along positive x-direction comes to rest periodically and moves backwardπAnswer:When an equation has sine and cosine functions, the nature is periodic.a) When the particle is moving in positive x-direction, it is given as t sin tWhen the displacement is as a function of time, it is given as x(t) t – sin tWhen the equation is differentiated with respect to time, we getVelocity v(t) dx(t)/dt 1 – cos tDifferentiating the above equation again with respect to time, we getAcceleration, a(t) dv/ dt sin yWhen t 0, x(t) 0When t π, x(t) π 0When t 0, x(t) 2 π 0b) The equation is given asx(t) sin tv (d/dt)x(t) cos ta dv/dt -sin tAt t 0, x 0, v 1 and a 0At t π/2, x 1, v 0 and a -1At t π, x 0, v -1, and a 0At t 3 π/2, x -1, v 0 and a 1Therefore, it can be said that when the particle is moving along the positive x-direction, the particle comes to restperiodically and moves backward. When the displacement and velocity is involved, that is sin t and cos t, theequations are represented periodic in nature.
Exemplar Solutions for Class 11 Physics Chapter 3 Motion in a Straight Line3.15. Give example of a motion where x 0, v 0, a 0 at a particular instant.Answer:Let the motion be represented as:x(t) A Be- γ tLet A B and γ 0Velocity is x(t) dx/dt -Be- γ tAcceleration is a(t) dx/dt B γ 2e- γ tTherefore, it can be said that x(t) 0, v(t) 0, and a 03.16. An object falling through a fluid is observed to have acceleration given by a g – bv where g gravitational acceleration and b is constant. After a long time of release, it is observed to fall with constantspeed. What must be the value of constant speed?Answer:The concept used in this question will be based on the behaviour of a spherical object when it is dropped througha viscous fluid. When a spherical body of radius r is dropped, it is first accelerated and gradually the accelerationcomes to zero, attaining a constant velocity which is known as terminal velocity.Given,a g – bvWe know that,a dv/dt 0 for uniform motiong gravitational accelerationTherefore, it can be said that as the speed increases, acceleration decreases. When the speed is v0, accelerationwill be zero and speed remains constant.Therefore, a g – bv0 0v0 g/bShort Answers3.17. A ball is dropped and its displacement vs time graph is as shown in the figure where displacement x isfrom the ground and all quantities are positive upwards.
Exemplar Solutions for Class 11 Physics Chapter 3 Motion in a Straight Linea) Plot qualitatively velocity vs time graphb) Plot qualitatively acceleration vs time graphAnswer:a) At t 0 and v 0 , v-t graph is:
Exemplar Solutions for Class 11 Physics Chapter 3 Motion in a Straight Lineb) At x 0, a-t graph is:3.18. A particle executes the motion described by x(t) x0 (1 – e-γt) where t 0, x0 0a) Where does the particles start and with what velocity?b) Find maximum and minimum values of x(t), v(t), a(t). Show that x(t) and a(t) increase with time and v(t)decreases with time.Answer:a) x(t) x0 (1 – e-γt)v(t) dx(t)/dt x0 γ e-γta(t) dv/dt x0 γ2 e-γtv(0) x0 γb) x(t) is minimum at t 0 since t 0 and [x(t)]min 0x(t) is maximum at t since t and [x(t)]max e-γt v(t) is maximum at t 0 since t 0 and v(0) x0γv(t) is minimum at t since t and v( ) 0a(t) is maximum at t since t and a( ) 0a(t) is minimum at t 0 since t 0 and a(0) -x0 γ23.19. A bird is tossing between two cars moving towards each other on a straight road. One car has a speedof 18 m/h while the other has the speed of 27 km/h. The bird starts moving from first car towards the otherand is moving with the speed of 36 km/h and when the two cars were separated by 36 km. What is the totaldistance covered by the bird? What is the total displacement of the bird?Answer:The relative speed of the cars 27 18 45 km/h
Exemplar Solutions for Class 11 Physics Chapter 3 Motion in a Straight LineWhen the two cars meet together, time t is given ast distance between cars/relative speed of cars 36/(27 18)t 4/5 hTherefore, distance covered by the bird in 4/5 hours (36)(4/5) 28.8 km3.20. A man runs across the roof-top of a tall building and jumps horizontally with the hope of landing onthe roof of the next building which is of a lower height than the first. If his speed is 9 m/s, the distancebetween the two buildings is 10 m and the height difference is 9 m, will he be able to land on the nextbuilding?Answer:For a free fall at 9m, the horizontal distance covered by the man should be at least 10 m.u 0a 10 m/s2s 9mt ts ut 1/2 at2Substituting the values, we gett 9/3 3/ 5 secThe horizontal distance covered by the person,vt (9)( 3/ 5) 12.07 mTherefore, 12.07 m is the distance covered during a free fall of 9 m.
Exemplar Solutions for Class 11 Physics Chapter 3 Motion in a Straight LineTherefore, when the free fall is 10 m it is 12.07-10 2.07 m3.21. A ball is dropped from a building of height 45 m. Simultaneously another ball is thrown up with aspeed 40 m/s. Calculate the relative speed of the balls as a function of time.Answer:V v1 ?U 0h 45 ma gt tV u atv1 0 gtv1 gtTherefore, when the ball is thrown upward, v1 -gtV v2u 40 m/sa gt tV u atv2 40 – gtThe relative velocity of the ball in the downward direction is – 40 m/sBut when the speed increases due to acceleration, the relative speed remains 40 m/s3.22. The velocity-displacement graph of a particle is shown in the figure.
Exemplar Solutions for Class 11 Physics Chapter 3 Motion in a Straight Linea) Write the relation between v and x.b) Obtain the relation between acceleration and displacement and plot it.Answer:a) Consider the point P(x,v) at any time t on the graph such that angle ABO is θ such thattan θ AQ/QP (v0-v)/x v0/x0When the velocity decreases from v0 to zero during the displacement, the acceleration becomes negative.a - tan θ v0/z0 (v0-v)/xv0 – v (v0/z0)xv v0(1-x/x0) is the relation between v and x.b) a dv/dt (dv/dt)(dx/dx) (dv/dx)(dx/dt)a -v0/x0v -v0/x0a (v02x/x02) – (v02/x0)
Exemplar Solutions for Class 11 Physics Chapter 3 Motion in a Straight LineAt x 0a - v02/x0At a 0The points are (0, -v02/x0) and B(x0,0)Long Answers3.23. It is a common observation that rain clouds can be at about a kilometre altitude above the ground.a) If a rain drop falls from such a height freely under gravity, what will be its speed? Also, calculate inkm/hb) A typical rain drop is about 4 mm diameter. Momentum is mass x speed in magnitude. Estimate itsmomentum when it hits ground.c) Estimate the time required to flatten the drop.d) Rate of change of momentum is force. Estimate how much force such a drop would exert on you.e) Estimate the order of magnitude force on umbrella. Typical lateral separation between two rain drops is5 cm.Answer:a) Velocity attained by the rain drop which is falling freely through the height h is:v2 u2 – 2g(-h)As u 0v 2gh 100 2 m/s 510 km/hb) Diameter of the drop, d 2r 4 mmRadius of the drop, r 2 mm 2 10-3 mMass of the drop, m Vρ 3.4 10-5 kg
Exemplar Solutions for Class 11 Physics Chapter 3 Motion in a Straight LineMomentum of the rain drop, p mv 5 10-3 kg.m/sc) Time required to flatten the drop is the time taken by the drop to reach the groundt d/v 30 msd) Force exerted by a rain drop is, F change in momentum/time p-0/t 168 Ne) Radius of umbrella, R 1/2 mArea of umbrella 0.8 m2No.of drops striking the umbrella, n 320Therefore the net force exerted 54000N3.24. A motor car moving at a speed of 72 km/h cannot come to a stop in less than 3 s while for a truck thistime interval is 5 s. On a highway the car is behind the truck both moving at 72 km/h. The truck gives asignal that it is going to stop at emergency. At what distance the car should be from the truck so that it doesnot bump onto the truck. Human response time is 0.5 s.Answer:For truck, u 20 m/sv 0a ?t 5sv u ata 4 m/s2For car, t 3 su 20 m/sv 0a acv u atac -20/3 m/s2Let s be the distance between the car and the truck when the truck gives the signal and t be the time taken to coverthe distance.The human response is 0.5 s and that is the time taken by the car to cover a certain distance with uniform velocity.Therefore, (t-0.5) is the retarded motion of the car.Velocity of car after time t,vc u – at 20 – (20/3)(t-0.5)Velocity of truck after time t,vt 20 -4tThe bump between the car and the truck is given as:20-(20/3)(t-0.5) 20 – 4tt 5/4sDistance travelled by the truck in time t 21.875 mDistance travelled by the car in time t 23.125 mThe collision between the truck and the car distance 1.250 m3.25. A monkey climbs up a slippery pole for 3 seconds and subsequently slips for 3 seconds. Its velocity attime t is given by v(t) 2t (3 – t); 0 t 3 and v(t) -(t – 3) ( 6 – t) for 3 t 6s on m/s. It repeats this cycle
Exemplar Solutions for Class 11 Physics Chapter 3 Motion in a Straight Linetill it reaches the height of 20 m.a) At what time is its velocity maximum?b) At what time is its average velocity maximum?c) At what times is its acceleration maximum in magnitude?d) How many cycles are required to reach the top?Answer:a) For maximum velocity v(t)dv(t)/dt 0Substituting the value for v, we gett 1.5 secondsb) For average velocity total distance/time takenAverage velocity 3 mAnd the average velocity is maximum when time t 2.36 secc) When the acceleration is maximum in a periodic motion, the time is maximum when the body returns to themean position when v 0v(t) 6t – 2t2When t 3 second, acceleration is maximumd) Distance covered between 0-3 seconds 9mv(t) -(t-3) (6-t)ds/dt (t-3)(t-6)Integrating the equation from 3 to 6, s -4.5mThe net distance 9 – 4.5 4.5mHeight of climb in three cycle (4.5)(3) 13.5mThe remaining height 20 -13.5 6.5 mTherefore, no.of cycles is 20 when the height of the pole is 4.3.26. A man is standing on top of a building 100 m high. He throws two balls vertically, one at t 0 andother after a time interval. The later ball is thrown at a velocity of half the first. The vertical gap betweenfirst and second ball is 15m at t 2s. The gap is found to remain constant. Calculate the velocity withwhich the balls were thrown and the exact time interval between their throw.Answer:Let the speed of ball 1 u1 2u m/sThen the speed of ball 2 u2 u m/sThe height covered by ball 1 before coming to rest h1The height covered by ball 2 before coming to rest h2We know that,v2 u2 2ghv2 2ghh v2/2gTherefore, h1 4u2/2gh2 u2/2gFrom question, h1 –h2 15 mTherefore,4u2/2g – u2/2g 15u 10 m/sh1 20 m
Exemplar Solutions for Class 11 Physics Chapter 3 Motion in a Straight Lineh2 5 mAnd time taken is,t1 2 sect2 1 sec
d) quantity A is velocity if motion is uniformly accelerated Answer: The correct answer is a) quantity B may represent time, c) quantity A is displacement if motion is uniform and d) quantity A is velocity if motion is uniformly accelerated 3.8. A graph of x versus t is sho
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