RACISM REFLECTED IN MAYA ANGELOU’S POEM

View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.ukbrought to you byCOREprovided by UMS Digital Library - Selamat datang di UMS Digital LibraryRACISM REFLECTED IN MAYA ANGELOU’S POEMSTHESISSubmitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirementsfor the Graduate Degree of Language Departmentat Muhammadiyah University of SurakartaBy:RIA RESKY HARDIANTI ILHAMS 200 120 074MAGISTER OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE STUDYGRADUATE PROGRAMMUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA2015i

NOTE OF ADVISOR IDr. M. Thoyibi, M.SLecturer of Magister of Language Study Post Graduate Program MuhammadiyahUniversity SurakartaOfficial Note on Ria Resky’s ThesisDearThe Director of Graduate Program of Magister of Language Study of GraduateProgram Muhammadiyah SurakartaAssalamualaikum Wr.WbHaving read, examined, corrected, and necessarily revised towards the thesis ofName: Ria Resky Hardianti IlhamNIM: S 200 120 074Program: Magister of Language StudyFocus on: LiteratureTitle: Racism Reflected in Maya Angelou’s poemI access that the thesis is approved to be examined by the board of examiners inthe graduate programme of Language Study of Muhammadiyah University ofSurakartaWassalamualaikum Wr. WbSurakarta,Dr. M. Thoyibi, M.Sii

NOTE OF ADVISOR IIDr.Phil.Dewi Chandraningrum, M.EdLecturer of Magister of Language Study Post Graduate Program MuhammadiyahUniversity of SurakartaOfficial Note on Ria Resky’s ThesisDearThe Director of Language Study of Graduate Program of MuhammadiyahSurakartaAssalamualaikum Wr.WbHaving read, examined, corrected, and necessarily revised towards the thesis ofName: Ria Resky Hardianti IlhamNIM: S 200 120 074Program: Magister of Language StudyFocus on: LiteratureTitle: Racism Reflected in Maya Angelou’s PoemsI access that the thesis is approved to be examined by the board of examiners inthe Graduate program of Language Study of Muhammadiyah University ofSurakartaWassalamualaikum Wr. WbSurakarta,Dr.Phil.Dewi Chandraningrum, M.Ediii

ADVISOR APPROVEDRACISM REFLECTED IN MAYA ANGELOU’S POEMSPrepared by:RIA RESKY HARDIANTI ILHAMThis thesis has been examined by the board of examiner on And has been declared eligibleTHE EXAMINER BOARD1. Dr. M. Thoyibi, M.S(Advisor I)( .)2. Dr.Phil.Dewi Chandraningrum, M.Ed(Advisor II)( .)3. Prof. Endang Fauziati(Other Adviser)( .)Surakarta,Muhammadiyah University of SurakartaGraduate ProgramDirector,Prof. Dr. Khudzaifah Dimyatiiv

MOTTO“I’ve learned that people will forget what you said, people will forget what youdid, but people will never forget how you made them feel.(Maya Angelou)There is always a reason to move forward(Researcher)v

DEDICATIONAlhamdulillah .This thesis paper is dedicated to: Allah SWT. Thanks for always protecting and guiding me. My beloved Father and Mother for the unstoppable care and prayer. My beloved sisters and my only brother, brother in law, and nephew. Thanksfor your supports. My beloved pal of all times for his crazy advice to finish this thesis. All my best friends who always accompany me in happiness, sadness, and allconditions in my life.Thanks for everything. I love you guys.vi

ABSTRACTRIA RESKY HARDIANTI ILHAM. S 200 120 074. RACISM REFLECTED IN MAYAANGELOU’S POEMS. THESIS PAPER. MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OFSURAKARTA. 2015.The major problem of this research is racism reflected in MayaAngelou’s poems. The aims of this research is to find out how racism reflected inMaya Angelou’s poems, to explain types of racism in Maya Angelou’s poems, andto find out why racism become the important issue in Maya Angelou’s poems.This research focuses in Maya Angelou’s poem especially about racism.The type of the research is qualitative research. The method of datacollection is document analysis, and the technique of data collection is notetaking, while the technique of data analysis is descriptive analysis in which theresearcher interprets the text and the content relating to the psychological of themajor character. This research uses two data sources, namely primary andsecondary data source. The primary data source of the study is Maya Angelou’spoem itself, from the collection of Maya Angelou published in 1994. Thesecondary data sources are Biography of the author Maya Angelou, websites inthe internet about Maya Angelou, and other resources which support to analyze.Based on structural analysis and the psychological approach, theresearcher concludes that Maya Angelou’s poems reflected racism based on thepoem text and the expression in the poem. The expressions here are dictionswhich divide into four such as dialect and accent, special expression, special termand borrowing. Imagery and symbol also two expressions supported MayaAngelou’s poem to reflect racism in visual and auditory imagery, also symbolizethe particular words in the title of the poem. Maya Angelou’s poems alsoindicate types of racism such as slavery, discrimination, segregation, Hegemony,prejudice and stereotypes and class struggle. The last conclusion is MayaAngelou choose racism as the important issue in her poems because she is anAfrican-American poet and activist.Keywords: racism, reflected, Maya Angelou’s poems, Sociological Approachvii

PRONOUNCEMENTI am the writer of this thesis,Name: RIA RESKY HARDIANTI ILHAMNIM: S 200 120 074Program: Magister Pengkajian Bahasa (MPB)Focus on: LiteratureTitle: Racism Reflected in Maya Angelou’s PoemsCertify that this thesis is definitely my own work. I am completely responsible forits contents. Otherwise, there are some other writer’s opinions for findingsincluded in this thesis but they are quoted or cited in accordance with ethicalstandard. When there is evidence that this thesis is a kind of plagiarism, I willaccept the correlation of my graduate degree given by MuhammadiyahUniversity of Surakarta.Surakarta,Sincerely,Ria Resky Hardianti Ilhamviii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT �ﻴﻢ Alhamdullilahirobil’alamin, praise and gratitude to the most graciousand most merciful, Allah SWT for blessing the researcher finish the researchunder the title of “RACISM REFLECTED IN MAYA ANGELOU’S POEM”. This is oneof the requirements of graduate degree of Language Department atMuhammadiyah University of Surakarta.The researcher realizes that this thesis would never be possible withoutother people’ help, so the writer would like to express her gratitude andappreciation to:1.Prof. Dr. Khudzaifah Dimyati, SH, M.Hum, The director of MuhammadiyahUniversity of Surakarta,2.Prof. Dr. Markhamah, M.Hum, the Head of Language Study Department,3.Dr. M. Thoyibi, M.S, and Dr.Phil.Dewi Chandraningrum, M.Ed, as advisors ofthis thesis who have guided and advised her during the arrangement ofresearch paper from the beginning until the end,4.Prof. Endang Fauziati, as the third examiner,5.My beloved Father and Mother, who always give all love, support and prayfor her.ix

6. Her big Family in Kolaka.7.All her friends in graduate of Language Study in Muhammadiyah Universityof Surakarta8.All the parties that cannot be mentioned one by one.The researcher realizes that this research paper still has a lot ofweaknesses. Therefore, the researcher would thank for reader suggestion andcriticism.Surakarta,RIA RESKY HARDIANTI ILHAMS 200 120 074x

TABLE OF CONTENTTITLE . iNOTE OF ADVISOR I . iiNOTE OF ADVISOR II . iiiADVISOR APPROVED . ivMOTTO . vDEDICATION . viABSTRACT . viiPRONOUNCEMENT . viiiACKNOWLEDGEMENT . ixTABLE OF CONTENT . xiCHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION . 1A. Background of The Research . 1B. Problem Statement . 4C. Objective of The Research . 4D. Originality of The Research . 4E.Benefit of the Research . 51. Theoretical Benefit . 52. Practical Benefit . 5F.Previous Studies . 5xi

G. Research Paper Organization . 12CHAPTER II: UNDERLYING THEORY . 14A. Notion of Sociological approach . 141. Rene Wellek Perspective. 142. Diana Laurenson Perspective . 153. Meyer H. Abrams Perspective . 174. Mario Klarer Perspective . 18B. Related Literature Review . 201. Notion of racism . 202. Notion of Poetry . 253. The Element of Poetry . 30a. The Speaker . 30b. The Spoken To . 30c. Stanzaic . 31d. Rhythm and Meter . 31e. Rhyme . 35f. Theme and Subject . 35g. Imagery . 36h. Diction . 37i. Tone . 38j. Figurative Language. 38xii

C. The Biography of Maya Angelou . 44D. Theoretical Application . 46CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY . 47A. Type of The Research . 47B. Subject of The Research . 471. Formal Object . 472. Material Object . 48C. Technique of Selecting Subject . 48D. Type of Data. 49E.Data Source . 49F.Technique of Data Collection . 49G. Technique of the Data Analysis . 50CHAPTER IV: THE STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF MAYA ANGELOU’S POEM . 53A. The Speaker . 531. As a Black Activist . 55a. My Guilt . 55b. The Calling of Names . 57c. Riot:60s . 58d. Harlem Hopscotch . 612. As a Slave . 62a. On Working White Liberal . 62xiii

b. One More Round . 62c. Sepia Fashion Show . 633. As a Child . 64a. The Thirteen (Black) and The Thirteen (White). 64b. Our Grandmother . 65c. America. 67d. Africa. 67B. The Spoken To. 681. Speak to Herself. 69a. My Guilt . 69b. Harlem Hopscotch . 70c. Sepia Fashion Show . 71d. Africa. 722. Speak to The Black People. 73a. Our Grandmother . 73b. The Thirteen (Black) . 743. Speak to The White People . 75a. The Calling of Names . 75b. On Working White Liberal . 76c. Ain’t That Bad? . 77d. One More Round . 78xiv

e. The Thirteen (White) . 794. Speak to the Reader . 79a. Riot:60s . 79b. America. 80C. Rhythm and Meter . 81D. Rhyme . 851. Riot:60s . 852. The Calling of Names . 863. Harlem Hopscotch . 874. On Working White Liberals . 875. One More Round . 886. The Thirteens (Black) . 897. Africa. 898. America. 909. Ain’t that Bad? . 91E.Tone . 921. My Guilt . 932. Riot:60s . 943. The Calling of Names . 964. Harlem Hopscotch . 975. On Working White Liberals . 98xv

6. One More Round . 987. Sepia Fashion Show . 998. America. 999. The Thirteens (Black) . 10010. The Thirteens (White) . 10011. Africa. 10112. Ain’t that Bad? . 10113. Our Grandmother . 102F.Imagery and Symbol . 102G. Diction . 1101. Dialect and Accent . 1112. Special Expression . 1123. Special Term . 1134. Borrowing . 114H. Figurative Language . 1151. Simile . 1152. Metaphor. 1163. Personification . 1184. Apostrophe . 1205. Synecdoche. 1216. Metonymy . 122xvi

7. Paradox . 1238. Hyperbole . 123I.Theme. 1241. My Guilt . 1252. Riot:60s . 1253. The Calling of Names . 1264. Harlem Hopscotch . 1265. On Working White Liberal . 1276. One More Round . 1277. Sepia Fashion Show . 1288. The Thirteens (Black) and The Thirteens (White) . 1299. Africa. 12910. America. 13011. Ain’t that Bad? . 13012. Our Grandmother . 131CHAPTER V: RACISM . 132A. Racism . 1321. Expression of Racism . 132a. Diction . 1331) Dialect and Accent . 1332) Special Term . 135xvii

3) Special Expression . 1364) Borrowing . 137b. Imagery . 138c. Symbol . 1392. Criticism Against Types of Racism . 140a. Slavery . 141b. Discrimination . 147c. Segregation . 151d. Hegemony. 151e. Prejudice and Stereotype . 153f. Class Struggle . 155B. Discussion . 157CHAPTER VI: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION . 163A. Conclusion . 164B. Pedagogical Implication . 165C. Suggestion . 166BIBLIOGRAPHYVIRTUAL REFERENCESAPPENDIXxviii

secondary data source. The primary data source of the study is Maya Angelou’s poem itself, from the collection of Maya Angelou published in 1994. The secondary data sources are Biography of the author Maya Angelou, websites in the internet about Maya Angelou,